Sap Interview Concepts

8/12/2019 Sap Interview Concepts

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1.What is transfer order?

An instruction to move materials from a source storage bin to a destination storage bin in a

warehouse complex at a specified time. A transfer order consists of items that contain the

quantity of the material to move and specifies the source and destination storage bins. A

transfer order can be created based on a customer delivery, a transfer requirement, or a posting

change notice. Source and destination storage bins can be in different warehouses.

Application

!his is the term of Warehouse "anagement #$%&W"' and lin(ed into S) "odule, where clients

business run through Warehouse

*elated !ransaction

+$1-

$!

$!/

+$0-

0. What are the fields in pricing procedure?

!here are 1 columns in pricing procedure

1. Step

0. 2ounter

. 2ondition type

3. )escription

4. 5rom

. !o

6. "anual

7. "andatory

/. Statistical

1.8rint

11.Subtotal


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10.8rint

1.Alternative calculation type

13.Altenate condition base value

14.Account (ey

1.Accruals

. What are the Standard output types in S)?

Standard 9utput !ypes in S) are as under

1. Sales 9rder 2onfirmation :A

0. 9utbound )elivery -ote $)

. :illing )ocument *)

4. 2ash Sales *)

. ;nquiry A5

6. ence it is used in pricing, material determination, output control, etc.

Some important condition types in pricing are pr&pricing, (foo&freight, (6&customer

discount...

. What are the challenging issues you have faced in implementation proect@"aintenance

proect in S) 5unctionality? >ow you have overcome that issue?


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We can say during the implementation the challenges which we faced are

>igh expectations from the system

$ac( of ;! awareness among employees

%nd user training

$ot of complex business processes which lead to highly customiBed product etc..

6. What is difference between delivery document C scheduling?

)elivery doc is the actual delivery that we create in +$1- for the sales order.

)elivery scheduling is the process by which system proposes the confirmed delivery date when

a sales order is loaded.

5or eg consider that the customer has placed an order on 7th Sep C requested delivery *)) on

10th. 2onsider that you have maintained 0 days as transit time, 1 day as loading time C 1 day

as pic( pac( time. !hen the system initially carries bac(ward scheduling from the *)). So from

10th, it will calculate bac(wards. So your goods should leave your shipping point by 1th,

loading should start by /th, pic( pac( should start on 7th. System will see is material is available

on 7th. ;f yes, then it will confirm the requested delivery date *)). ;f not, system will chec( for

the material availability date "A). ;f "A) is on 1th, then system will do forward scheduling

from 1th. So items can be pic(ed by 11th, loading done on 10th C goods will reach customer

on 13th #0 days transit'. So confirmed delivery date is 13th. System will propose this date as

delivery date in shipping view of sales order main screen. !his process is called delivery

scheduling.

>ow is item category determined?

;!%" 2A!%D9*E ;S )%!%*";-%) ;- !*A-SA2!;9- :AS%) 9- &59F* 5A2!9*SSA$%S

)92 !E8% G ;!%" 2A!%D9*E D*9F8 G FSAD% G >;D>%* $%+%$;!%"

2A!%D9*EH#)%!%*";-%S' ;!%" 2A!%D9*E.

What is %xtract used in condition tech. in pricing?

condition tech is the main bac(bone of pricing without condition there is no pricing

2ondition tables G access sequence G condition type G 8ricing procedure H 2ondition technique

What is the difference between plant and storage location?


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& plant is place where 8roduction@assembling of material is done as per 88&module, place where

Storage@purchasing of material done as per ""&module and for sales plant is place where sales

and service is provided.

& Storage $ocation is a place allotted inside a plant for the purpose to maintain the stoc(. !he

same considered for all modules #88, S), C ""'

What is the difference between item proposal and material determination product proposal?

;tem proposal and product proposal are the same.

;tem proposal is the list of materials and order quantities that can be copied into the sales order

from the customer master data.

We use +A41 to create the item proposal. >ere we get a number. !his number is then lin(ed to

the customer master data in the sales view. !his is very commonly used.

"aterial determination is very closely related to item proposal @product proposal and is used to

swap one material for another in the sales order using the condition technique. ; have not seen

"aterial determination procedures used in the proects ; have wor(ed.

;tem 8roposal or 8roduct proposal

I;tem proposal is same as product proposal C SA8 uses the two terms interchangeably.

IAn item proposal is a list of materials and order quantities that can be copied into the sales

order. ;tems can also be selected from a list and copied into a sales order.I

1' Fse transaction J+9+7K to configure the document type #I"SI for product proposal'.

0' Fse transaction J+A41K to create a proposal.

' %nter the item proposal on the sales area data #sales tab' of the customer master record.

3' ;n J+A1K to create a sales order, Select %dit C propose items.I

"aterial determination

I"aterial determination uses the condition technique to swap one material for another when

certain conditions apply. "aterial determination is triggered by the material entered in the line

item of the sales order.

Fse transaction J+:11K to create a material determination condition record. And J9+10K for

configuration of material determination.

"aterial determination is useful when old product is becoming obsolete or a new product is

released by the company at specific date.I


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What are the statuses?

Deneral SA8 Status "anagement

Fse

Fse the general SA8 status management if you require user status.

Status

!he current processing status of an obect is documented by one or more statuses. A status is

an indicator that fulfills two functions

;t informs you that a particular status has been reached #for example, !he order has been

released'

;t influences the number of business transactions you can perform.

;f you execute a business transaction, this can then set or delete one or more statuses for the

specified obect.

Eou can set any number of statuses for an obect.

Statuses can be displayed in two different ways in the system

As a &character text

As a 3&character identification code

:oth display variations are language dependent.

!he system displays the active status of an obect in list form or in a status row. !he status row

may contain up to a maximum of eight statuses. Eou use the status profile to define the position

in which the application status is displayed in this row. !he system can output several statuses

in the same position. !he system uses the 8riority column in the status profile to determine

which status is actually displayed !he list display shows all active statuses #arranged according

to position and priority'.

A status can be either active or inactive A status can

Allow a business transaction

Allow a business transaction with a warning

8rohibit a business transaction

;f a business transaction is allowed with a warning for a particular obect, the system issues a


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warning message when you execute the business transaction. Eou can then decide whether to

ignore the warning and continue with the business transaction.

Eou want to flag a released internal order for deletion. >owever, the internal order has not yet

reached the 2losed status. ;n th case, the system first issues a warning indicating that the order

has not yet been closed.

!o use a business transaction, the following is required

At least one active status must allow the business transaction.

-o active status may prohibit the business transaction.

Deneral SA8 status management distinguishes between system status and user status.

System Status

!he system sets a system status informing the user that the system has executed a certain

business transaction for an obect. Eou can only influence this status by executing a businesstransaction that changes the system status.

;f you release an internal order, the system automatically sets the *eleased system status.

Fser Status

Eou can set a user status in addition to the existing system status. Eou specify the user status in

a status profile, which you create for each order type in 2ustomiBing. Eou can specify and

activate any number of user statuses.

;n a production order you can simultaneously set the *eleased, 8re&closed printed, and 5inally

confirmed statuses.

!he system status and the user status influence the business transactions in the same way.

Status 8rofile

A status profile contains a user&defined quantity of user statuses and rules. Eou can define

status profiles in customiBing for each order type. See the )efine Status 8rofiles activity in the

;"D

!he status profile allows you to

)efine the user status and document its functions with a corresponding long text.

Assign a status number that specifies the order in which the system reaches the user statuses.

)efine an initial status, which is then automatically set when an obect is created.

)etermine that a user status is automatically set when you execute a business transaction.

8ermit or forbid specified transactions, if a status is active.


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Status -umber

Fser statuses can be used to determine a sequence for the different steps involved in

processing an obect. 5or each step, you specify a user status and give it a status number Eou

should assign these status numbers so that they are reached in ascending order.

;f you assign a status number to a user status, specify a lowest and highest status number for

the user status. !hese numbers limit the status number interval from which the subsequent user

statuses can be chosen.

Eou require the user status to monitor individual steps during construction of a building. Eou

create the following user status in a status profile

Status number Status Short text $owest status number >ighest status number

1 8$A- 8lanning 1 0

0 A8*+ 8lan approval 1

2-S! 2onstruction 3

3 >)+* >andover 4

4 2"8$ 2ompleted 4 4

!he system usually wor(s through the statuses in numerical order #status numbers'. ;n this

example however, it would be impossible to change directly from status 8$A- to status 2-S!,

because from status number 1 you can only switch to maximum status number 0 A8*+.

Similarly, once you reach the 2-S!, you can no longer return to the 8$A- or A8*+ statuses.

Activities

!o activate general SA8 status management for internal orders, assign the status profile that

you require to the appropriate order type in customiBing for internal orders #see the )efine 9rder

!ypes ;"D activity'.

What is the purpose of sales document type?

Sales documents is nothing but data container, and its a proof of transactions to simplify

business process document categoriBed into types sales document, delivery document ,billing document sales document sales related data is going to be captured here to map

different process transactions sap has categoriBed into 3 types.

8resales order inquiry, quotation #;-,


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2ustomer complaints credit, debit #D0, $0'

!he functions of sales document type are

;t can determine whether the sales doc of that type is bloc(ed or not, -o. ranges for the

documents, whether a reference doc is mandatory or not, whether it should read cus.material

info record, whether the system should run credit chec(s and how it should respond etc..

A sales document type fulfills a requirement of a specific business transaction.. for example in a

cash sale you would require the delivery to be happening immediately after the order and you

would require a invoice slip to be handed over to the customer immediately after his purchase.

!hese things are customiBed in your 2ash sales#2S' document type..

What is an integration point between S) A-) ""?

$in( :etween SA8 S), "" C 5;

!he lin( between S) and "" &

1. When you create sales order in S), all the details of the items are copied from "aterial

master of "".

0. "*8 and availability chec( related data is also ta(en from "" although you control this data

in S) also.

. While you create inbound@outbound delivery with reference to a sales order, the shipping

point determination ta(es place with the help of the loading group, plant data, shipping

conditions etc. !his also refers to "aterial "aster.

3. !he material which you are entering in a sales order must be extended to the sales area of

your sales order@customer otherwise you cannot transact with this material.

!here are many such lin(s between S) and "".

-ow the lin( between S) and 5; &

1. Whenever you create a delivery with reference to a sales order, goods movement ta(es place

in the bac(ground. eg.;n case of standard sales order, you create an outbound goods delivery to

the customer. >ere movement 1 ta(es place. !his movement is configured in "". Also, this

movement hits some D@$ account in 5;. %very such movement of goods hits some D@$ account.

0. !he accounts posting in 5; is done with reference to the billing documents #invoice, debit


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note, credit note etc' created in S). !hus this is a lin( between S) and 5;

. !ax determination ;n case of a tax determination also, there is a direct lin( between S) and

"" .

S) ;ntegration points with other modules S) module is highly integrated with the other modules

in

SA8. Sales 9rder

;ntegration 8oints "odule

Availability 2hec( & ""

2redit 2hec( & 5;

2osting & 29@ ""

!ax )etermination & 5;

!ransfer of *equirements & 88@ ""

)elivery C Doods ;ssue


Availability 2hec( & ""

2redit 2hec( & 5;

*educes stoc( & ""

*educes ;nventory L & 5;@ 29

*equirement %liminated & 88@ ""

:illing &


)ebit A@* & 5;@ 29

2redit *evenue & 5;@ 29

Fpdates D@$ & 5;@ 29


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#!ax, discounts, surcharges, etc.'

"ilestone :illing & 8S

*eturn )elivery C 2redit "emo &


;ncreases ;nventory & ""

Fpdates D@ $ & 5;

2redit "emo & 5;

Adustment to A@* & 5;

*educes *evenue & 5;

What are "*8 types?

"aterial *equirement 8lanning is concept of planning for the demand, whether we need the

material

& to be planned internally

& to be procured externally

& to be planned in external system #ex A89

& -o planning

& time based planning

What is use of customer group?

2ustomer group is used for generating statistics and also used to give group pricing, and

discounts etc...

What is the difference between incomplete order and bac(order processing?

;ncomplete orders are the orders which have not maintained 2ompletely as to full fill the

business requirement to place the order # as defined in incompletion proc by


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business'.

!he bac(order is the order in which has not confirmed in 5ull or not confirmed at a requested

delivery date. #2ertain delivery date'

What are the Steps for the %nd&user !raining in SA8&S) module?

1.we will decide who are the team members of end users

0. Arrange one common place for training

.;n a day with pre planned material and using development system with some hard copies of

various transaction codes which will use by end users will distribute to them and as( them to

practice

3.it is generally li(e a in house training which may remains for 0 dayMs

4.after the training we will give them hard copies of list of transaction codes with narration which

are relevant to their modules li(e S) related and 8" related etc

Why does the customer master have different views?

!he main purpose of the customer views is for each dept to determine the roles effectively in

customer

D%-%*A$ )A!A& deals with all the details regarding the customer

29"8A-E 29)% )A!A& deals with financial aspects.

SA$%S A*%A )A!A& deals with salesN billingN shipping details along with the partner

determination

What is t&code for listing the bloc(ed documents?

+="1 is for bloc(ed document, +="0 *eleased )oc.

What is batch split?

;f a material is managed in batches then you can carry out a batch split for every component.

!his means that if you Split a batch, you assign more than one batch to one


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2omponent. ;n this case, each batch is displayed as a Separate component in the component

overview.

:atch splits can only be triggered manually in the 8roduction order.

!he following requirements must be met for batch splitting

#1'!he material master record of the material must specify !hat the material is managed in

batches.

#0':atches must exist for the material.

What is difference between S) account (ey and 5; account (ey?

Account (ey is created and provided by 5;. Account (ey determines the

D@$ account to which the amount is to be posted. S) defines account (ey

in pricing and 5; uses it for posting taxes.

!o the maximum both are one and same to find the right D@$ account through condition

technique .S) Account (ey will be from 8ricing procedure and the 5; Account (ey is from the tax

procedure. as far as my (nowledge is concerned both the =ey purpose is same.

Acct (eys are defined in 5; only, S) people only use them, say in pricing. :ut ultimately they rused for posting the amounts to relevant D$ accounts only

>ow is credit control determined

2redit control is determined in the combination

29"8A-E 29)% G 2FS!9"%* *;S= 2A!%D9*E G 2*%);! D*9F8 H

2*%);! 29-!*9$ A*%A

9ne 2ompany code can be assigned too many credit control areas And multiple company


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codes are not assigned to one credit 2ontrol area.

What are the parameters in 5)0?

5)0 "aintains credit management records here we can give the amount of the customerW>A! ;S >;S credit limit.

F can see address of the customer, 2entral data, status and payment history of the customer.

What is the difference between routine and requirements?

; (now requirement in S) point of view

1. *equirements are used in different area of S), for example requirement in pricing procedure,

it restrict the access of the condition type. for example the rebate condition type bo1 has therequirement 03 it means that this condition type should appear in the billing document. *outine

means the program written for the requirement.ie the logic written in the A:A8 code.

What is condition supplement and why is it used?

A condition supplement is a group of conditions that should be applied every time a certain

condition is found. for %g ;f u define a material price, u will enter condition records for that

material and the corresponding price. ;f u also want to give discount to that material every time

the price is determined, u can enter the discount condition type as a condition supplement. Sowhenever the price is determined for the material, it will automatically includes the discount

condition records.

What is the difference between milestone and periodic billing?

8eriodic & full amount in each bill till contract period

"ilestone & partial amount in each bill till full amount is billed.

"ilestone billing is a billing plan type where the customer have to pay the amount in parts withinthe billing date e.g. suppose the bill amount of the customer is 1 usd, the customer can pay

0usd,usd as mentioned on the Agreement whereas in periodic plan type the customer

have to pay the amount in a regular periodic interval.i.e. !he customer have to pay the 1usd

in 1 year then the amount payable by the customer is 1@10.


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What is the difference between Static and )ynamic 2redit 2hec(?

!hey both are belong to automatic credit chec(

!he only difference is )ynamic contains a time@horiBon@attach period .!his time period used bythe system where we specify time in months .%O 0 months .System will use this period to ta(e

open orders, open deliveries etc. to get credit exposure .Within this attached time period not

after this specified period, u have to do delivery after this horiBon period say months later the

delivery date so system will not calculate this date

static chec( will carry out the open sales orders Gopen deliveries Gopen billing G open items,

dynamic chec(H static chec(G time horiBon

What are the issues u have faced in integration testing?

D$ A229F-! 2A--9! :% )%!%*";-%) )F*;-D ;-+9;2;-D "9+%"%-! !E8% -9!

59F-) )F*;-D )%$;+%*E S!9*AD% F-;! -9! 59F-) ;- !>% :;- %**9* )F*;-D

!*A-S5%* 9*)%* 2*%A!;9- 59* )%$;+%*E

*9F!% -9! )%!%*";-%) )F*;-D )%$;+%*E !9* 2A--9! :% )9-% )F*;-D

)%$;+%*E %!2...

What is the difference between condition type %=1 and %=0?

%(1& the result of unit costing can be used as base for price #pr' determination.

%(0& the result of unit costing simply ta(en as a statistical value

What is the 5unction of item category group?

!he item category group determines how a material is processed in the sales order. ;t defines,

for example, that pricing does not ta(e place for a free of charge item, such

as a business giftN or that inventory management is not carried out for a service. When

processing sales and distribution documents, the system uses the item category


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group to determine the item category. !he system determines the item category based on the

item category group of the material and the current business transaction, and proposes

it in the respective document. When creating the material types non&stoc( material and

services, );%- is proposed in both cases for the item category group, because the order

processing for both material types is identical for example, pricing is carried out for both, but no

availability chec(.

What is pricing procedure?

A pricing procedure is a procedure by where in which you control the execution of condition

types in a sequence you would li(e . ;t not only executes the condition types but als controls

the execution of condition type by the use of requirements , altcv. altcbv, account (ey.

8ricing procedure is a systematic and sequential use of condition types to arrive at a right value

of the product. !o determine the pricing procedure

SA$%S A*%A #Sales 9rganiBation G )istribution 2hannel G)ivision' G 2FS!9"%* 8*;2;-D

8*92%)F*% G )92F"%-! 8*;2;-D 8*92%)F*%

What is condition exclusion?

;f we set an exclusion indicator in the definition of condition type during sales document

processing the system ignores the other condition type which exits below that in

the pricing procedure and which have same requirement.

Which delivery document type for S!9 process?

5or intracompany S!9 the delivery doc type is -$#i.e. within the one company code'C forintercompany S!9 the delivery type is -$22.

What is difference between the header level condition and item level condition?

>eader level conditions are for the whole document, while item level condition is for the

particular item only. header conditions do not have access sequences and condition records,


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too.

What is the lin( between credit management and subtotals?

see there is the lin( between credit management and subtotals. !he reason why, :usiness grantcredit to the customer. so all the credit amounts of customer must stored in corresponding

tables in our sap system. so that ;n 8ricing procedure for the condition type -et value we assign

A ;n the field Subtotal. the table for credits is (omp&cmpre

What is )elivery group and what is its purpose?

delivery group is grouping of all sub item to be delivery at one time. mostly used in bill of

materials.

What is main purpose of maintaining the master data?

;- SA8 we can call these are master data li(e

1. 2ustomer master data

0. "aterial master data

. 2ustomer material ;nformation record

3. When we are maintaining condition records li(e pricing

2ondition record, rebate condition record.

!>% main purpose of maintaining the master data is that when we will create any documents in

sales li(e sales document, the data regarding customer is coming from customer master and

the data regarding material is coming from material master, and for example in the sales order

the delivery plant is coming from 2";*,9* 2FS!9"%* "AS!%* 9*,"A!%*;A$ "AS!%*

,li(e this...

What is line item?

!here are levels in a sales document i.e. header level, item level and schedule line. $ine item

falls in the ;tem $evel.

1'$ine ;tem relates to material details or the item details such as item number, name of material,


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quantity etc.

0'!he item category of the item which is determined by the system #by combination of ;tem

2ategory Droup from "aterial "aster, Sales )ocument !ype, Fsage and higher level item

category'is copied at ;tem $evel of the sales documents.

'$ine ;tem contains the value and quantity also which are not normally found at >eader $evel.

3'%xamples of $ine items are "aterial, 9rder


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What is the access sequence for header conditions?

for header conditions, no access sequence will be there. the values for header conditions

should be entered manually during sales order processing. access sequence is a search

strategy which finds the right condition record from the condition table.

What are the highest organiBational units in S), "", 88 and 5;29?

S)&&&&sales organiBation

""&&&&plant

88&&&&plant

5;29&&&&&company code

What is the functionality of negative posting in billing document?

*everse and adustment postings can also be mar(ed as negative postings. -egative postings

are used to reduce the transaction figures in D@$, customer, and vendor accounts. !his allows

you to give the transaction figures #following the reversal' the status they would have had

without posting the reversed document and its reversal document. !his type of reversal is called

a negative posting.

;ts nothing but an adustment. $ets say you have creates a bill of 1 buc(s and latter you realiBe

its not correct and the billing amount should be 7 buc(s. !o change the billing amount you have

to create a negative bill worth &0 buc(s. ;ts a negative bill or in other words its an adustment of

credit type. Similarly debit type adustments are also there.

What is mean of *ebate processing?


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*ebate is nothing but a special discount which is given on to specific customer on certain sales

volume with in specific period of time. *ebate may given on a specific customer, if he do the

targeted business within the validity periods,

9*

its for specific material and customer, if this customer does the targeted business volume for

that particular material within the validity periods.

A rebate is a discount which is granted subsequently to a rebate recipient on the basis of

defined sales volume within certain period.

!here are three processes on rebate.

1& 2onfiguring *ebate

0& Setting of rebate agreements

& managing rebate agreement C payments

:ut before the processing the rebate you need to activate


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the following fields

& in 8ayer master record

& Sales organiBation

& :illing document type.

Eou have following rebate agreement types for your customer.

1& "aterial rebate

0& customer rebate

& customer >ierarchy rebate

3& "aterial group rebate

4& ;ndependent of sales volume.

>ow is shipping point determined?

shipping conditions G loading group G )elivery plant H Shipping point

What is the client specific data?

2lient specific data refer to the data that can be accesses only when we log in to that 2lient

2lient specific data

a' :usiness data&&"aster data of business partners, products, pricing etc

b' !ransaction data Sales orders, delivery, billing documents etc

c' 2ustomiBation data All the ;"D activities that are saved with 2ustomiBing request number

form the client specific data


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What is A:A8 debugging?

5inding the errors in A:A8 program and rectifying the error at run time is done using A:A8

debugging.

!he A:A8 debugger is the development wor(bench tool, which allows you stop a program

during its execution when a particular condition is met.

>ow subtotal in pp is related to credit limit?

subtotal field#A' in the pp contains the total value and this value is chec(ed with the credit limit

of the customer.

What is the difference between discount and rebate?

*ebate an incentive to be given to a customer. clubbed with qty purchased by a customer

within the period specified #say one month'&conditional.

)iscount doesnPt depends upon the turnover it is fixed. and can only differ from customer to

customer

What will you do in blue print stage?

:usiness :lue print is a detailed documentation of the requirements gathered from client. it

represents the business process requirements of the company. ;t is an agreed statement of how

the company intends to run its business within SA8 system.

What is cut over strategy?

2utover strategy or cutover plan is the activity done in ASA8 methodology, while transferring the

data from the legacy system to the sap system. At this point of time the billing will be stopped,

all the open orders, contracts, pricing data will be transferred as per the cutover plan which is

provided by the implementation partner. Whatever you want to do on the system u need to do

before or after this activity.

What is the relation between 8D; and !9*?


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)epending up on !9* 8D; ta(es place let me explain how it ta(es place when a requirement

comes this is been transferred to "*8 through !9*. )epending up on the availability of the

material transfer of order ta(es place in which the requirement sits in the storage location from

there pic(ing and pac(ing process ta(es place and finally 8D; activity ta(es place.

;n general

;- D%-%*A$ !%*"%-9$9DE !9* ;S !>% A2!;+;!E W>;2> !A=%S

8$A2% :%59*% 2*%A!;-D A )%$;+%*E )92F"%-! A-) 8D; 8*92%SS

!A=%S 8$A2% A5!%* 2*%A!;-D A )%$;+%*E )92F"%-!.

>ow is route determined?

)etermination of the route is dependent on the following factors

#1')eparture 2ountry and departure Bone&it gets determined from shipping point.

#0'Shipping 2ondition&it is determined from sales doc. type or from S8 #2ustomer master'.

#'!ransportation Droup& it is determined from "aterial master.

#3' transportation Qone& ship &to &party.

#4'*eceiving country.

#'Weight group #optional'.

What is consumption based planning?

2onsumption&based planning is based on past consumption&values, statistical procedures for

future requirements. ;tPs to avoid the shortfall in requirement determined from reorder point or

forecast requirement.

)ifference between "*8 and 2onsumption&based planning, "*8 8lanning based on gross

requirement through the :ill of "aterials, 2onsumption&based planning based on pastconsumption&values.

What is the relation ship between sales organiBation and plants?

#1'Sales 9rganiBation&&R 8lant


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Sales 9rganiBation is assigned to plant in combination with )istribution 2hannel. *elation

"any&"any.

#0' sales 9rganiBation&&R 2ompany 2ode. "any&9ne.

#' 8lant&&R2ompany 2ode. "any&9ne.

what does ;tem 2ategory 2ontrol?

An item category controls the overall behavior of an item. ;t determines whether the item is

relevant for pricing or not, whether it is relevant for delivery or not, whether it is relevant for

billing or not. ;t also determines whether it is a free item, text item and it also help to determine

the sales document type.

What is *eturnable pac(aging processing means?

;! is used in the process where by the business sells items to the customer. !hese items are

pac(ed into shipping units such as boxes and crates .!hen the customer can (eep the boxes

and crates upto a certain period of time and then

must return the item .Should the customer not have return the shipping units within specified

date or have been destroyed ,then business may bill the customer for damaged goods .

!he stoc( we deliver as special pac(aging materials .We

(ept at customer site .;t can viewed in I"":%Iwith indicator I+I .

;tem category group is I+%*8I .

Deneral item category is I$%;>I.

I$A-I for returnable pac(aging pic( up$A'

I$--I for returnable pac(aging issue$-'

"aterial group H73

I!A$I &item category for returnable pac(aging

What is ;"D?

1. Step by Step plan for implementing the SA8 modules.

0. 8rocedures that have to be performed before a certain configuration can be made.


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. )ocumenting the SA8 *@ configuration methodology along with the reasons for

configurations.

3. ;t forms the crux of business transactions in an SA8 implementation, and how each one of

the steps in various modules have been configured.

4. 5inally, all configurations and their releases for a particular SA8 *@ implementation can be

chec(ed through the SA8 ;"D.

What is :ac(order processing?

:ac(order processing is functionality in SA8 where you can change the commitments and over&

ride the bloc(age of stoc(s mar(ed against sales documents@deliveries. 5or e.g. you receive an

order from a very important customer for material IAI but the entire quantity of A is committed to

another customer I:I via earlier sales orders and this is where :A2=9*)%* processing helps

you to change the commitment and shift stoc( due for : to A. !his is the benefit of thisfunctionality.

!.2. +*A & :ac(order 8rocessing

What are the reports u have generated with help of A:A8? What are all the things we need to

do configure?

What are the influencing factors for account determination?

sales amount which is in sales order will be posted into some accounts.

eg sales price should be posted into revenues account in the same way sales discount should

be posted into deduction account , other amount will post into some other account for this

purpose we maintain account determination. coming to the questionMs answer, influencing

factors for account determination is , chart of accounts,# 5; consultant will tell that chart of

accounts which is used for that company code' sales organiBation, distribution channel, account

assignment group for customer # which is in customer master data, sales area tab page, billingview 'account assignment group for material # which is in material master record, sales

organiBation 1 view # not sure plB chec(' account (ey which is assigned in pricing procedure D@$

account number # 5; consultant will give this number'

What are dependencies in variant configuration?


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)ependencies establish relationship between characteristics and values of different

characteristics. ;t is required to get the pricing to the sales order through

8rocedure#dependency', to get the :9" component selected for the material with quantity and

to have the routing time for each component.

!here are 4&types of dependencies...

a.8recondition ...to hide characteristics and its values

b.Selection condition....to select a characteristics or values

c.8rocedure..to ;nfer value for a characteristics

d.Action...to infer value for a characteristics but obsolete.

e.2onstraint...to have a consistency value flow to configuration , it has to attach to configuration

through dependency net....

What is %xtract used in condition tech. in pricing?

2ondition technique used condition table, condition type, access sequence, pricing procedure to

determine pricing information.

What is the use of pricing date in condition type?

8ricing date is the date in which the condition records are accessed. 5or e.g. lets say you have

the price of the material as 1*s till "ar 07 as per the validity period of condition record

and from April the same price of the material is 0*s as per the validity period of the condition

record. -ow your pricing date in the Sales doc

determines as which price should be ta(en into account. >ope you are clear now.

What is the lin(@control between sales and distribution and quality?

When a complaint is executed. Say, a faulty material is returned bac( to plant from the

customer@consignee. !he material is ta(en in to the bloc(ed stoc(, where by the quality lin( is

involved. ;tMs the responsibility of the quality department to chec( the complaint and approve.

!hatMs the reason we have billing bloc( before issuing credit note@memo to the customer.

>ow is access seq. controlled?


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An access sequence #search strategy' is defined for each condition type #except header and

manual condition type' in pricing procedure.

1. %ach access performed during pricing procedure, the access sequence is made using

condition table.

0. Access sequence is a search (ey for condition record, which made up of (ey fields.

. Access sequence searches the condition records from most specific to the most general.

%xample Suppose you create a sale order for material "&1 for 2ustomer 14. and you had

maintained the condition records for that material 1 ;-* for per material. and

you also maintained the condition record for 2ustomer14@"aterial "&1 also i.e. for that

particular material and for that customer the "aterial price is / ;-*. ;n that condition the

system pic( the material price as / ;-* and reect the material discount as 1;-*.

What is business item?

;n item category, :usiness item specifies whether the business data at the item level is allow to

differ from business data in the document header during the sales document processing.

business data means sales data G shipping data G :illing data

;f you configure #2hec( box active' the :usiness item in the ;tem category, system should not

allow to change the ;ncoterms in the sales order

What is $ump sum payment?

$ump sum payment is a general term. ;t has no different meaning in the sap. %xact meaning of

lump sum is full payment.

what are the Steps in consignment processing?

;n consignment process, we have 3 stages.

5irst phase, company fill the goods at customer site, still it is the property of company, is called

as 2onsignment fill up,#25'


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When the customer consumes the material company issues the invoice is called as

consignment issue #2;'

;f the customer finds that he got any material defective he returns is called as consignment

return #2*'

When customer requests the company to ta(e bac( the material which is not sold by the

consumer, the company will pic( this stoc( from the customer site is (nown as consignment pic(

up #cp'

What is the purpose of creating user exits?

A user exit is a place in a software program where a customer can arrange for their own tailor&

made program to be called. SA8 creates user exits for specific programs, screens, and menus

within standard *@ applications.!hese exits do not contain any functionality. ;nstead, the

customer exits act as hoo(s. Eou can hang your own add&on functionality onto these hoo(s

What is the difference between +=11 C +=1

!code v(11 used for individual "aintenance of condition record and !code v(1 used for mass

"aintenance of condition record

What basic questions do they as( relating to order management?

:asic questions related to order management

1. ;n sale order what fields are mandatory We can change them as per our requirement by

going into account groups and then fields

0. When u raise a sale order what field get filled by default?

. when you save a sale order whatPs the bac(ground process which ta(es place?

>ow is storage location determined?

)etermination of storage location depends upon the rule mentioned in the delivery type. !here

are basically three rules for determining storage location, out of which we


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basically use "A$A rule&

"A$A *ule&

#1'Shipping point.

#0'8lant.

#'Storage 2ondition.

9ther rules are "A*% and *%!A ,which are used for trade scenarios.

What is the difference between A!8 chec( and availability chec(?

A!8 is (now as available to promise quantities and it is

2alculated as below.

Ware house stoc( G planned receipts & 8lanned issues H A!8 quantities.

%x1. 1 G 4 &64 H 64 is A!8


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from reaching Bero.

types of Availability chec(s

1. Against A!8

0. Against product allocation

. Against planning.

Availability chec( is based on chec(ing group, *equirement class, and *equirement type and

schedule line category.

What will do in realiBation?

*ealiBation phase in which the system is configured ,(nowledge transfer occurs ,extensive unit

testing is completed, and data mapping and data requirements for migration are defined .

!he purpose of this phase is to implement the business process requirements based on

business blueprint. !he system configuration methodology is provided in two wor(

pac(ages baseline#maor scope' and final configuration #remaining scope'.9ther main focal

area of this phase are conducting integration tests and drawing up end user

documentation.

What is the importance of release status and dynamic field?

!he importance of release status in release procedures is to create the condition records purely

for the planning purpose. for further clarification see release procedures in pricing.

!he )ynamic field chec( is to determine the customer&specific fields, even the text fields.

What is the parent and child relationship?

when after we r creating the ;)92 type it will show screen, there we can create the segments

by right clic(. then one pop up window will display li(e which segment#%x S%D1' u need to add

to the ;)92 then add the one more segment#%xS%D0' to the ;)92 . while add S%g0 to the

;)92 , pop up will display li(e segment name which u can add and there is the options li(e

under which segment u need to create the segment here u can select S%D1.

now S%D1 &&&&R parent segment


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S%D0 &&&&R child to the S%D1

>ow to configure partial deliveries?

we have to mar( for partial delivery either in customer master

or

;n customer&material info.

What is A:A8 query?

A:A8@3


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1 4 =95;

1 1 =95=

step is sequential order of a condition type.

counter is nothing but sub sequential number of a condition

type.

What are the effects of 8D;?

the ownership of goods will be transferred with post goods issue and it updates the stoc(

quantity in warehouse decreases the volume of stoc( and increase the goods sold.and also

updates the postings to D.$.

What are the !echniques in delivery scheduling? :ac(ward scheduling C 5orward Scheduling

:ac(ward scheduling System calculates material availability date based on the *equested

delivery date. ;f the material is not available on that date the system calculates the earliest

possible delivery date based on the material available date.

5orward Scheduling

What is *eplenishment lead time?

*$!H!he time ta(en by the material to be replenished

5or trading goods

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

*$!Hplant delivery timeGgoods reciept processing time

5or finished goods

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

*$!H;nhouse production time


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Where is shipping conditions stored?

Shipping conditions are maintained in two places one is in customer master record under sales

tab page in shipping screen and another is in sale document type. ;f u maintain in sale

document type it over writes the value maintained in customer&material info.

What is material determination?

!his is setup when business requires swapping of one material by the other material in a sales

document. %xample & When a product is under engineering change or there is a bug and you

have another product, which is acceptable as replacement, then material determination can be

used to set this scenario. 9ld product can be replaced by new product as per the launch date of

the product. "aterial determination is also called as U8roduct selectionV

;t uses condition technique for material

"aterial determination procedure is based on the sales document type. With condition

technique, criteria can be defined and condition records can be maintained.

Standard material determination procedure for order type 9* is A1.

Standard material determination condition type is A1

With standard setup, condition record for swap materials is maintained for Umaterial enteredV. ;t

means in standard SA8, material determination is triggered when material is entered in the

sales order.

Additional criteria can be added by customiBing condition type A1.

"aterial condition records are maintained in the main transaction menu in master data

Swapping can be based on certain business conditions. !hese are called as Substitution

reasons. 5or each substitution reason, you can define substitution strategy.

Substitution strategy controls

System will automatically replace product as per material determination record after carrying

out availability chec( or can give list of substitute products for users to chec( and select orreplace material without availability chec(. ;t can also control whether both substituted and

substitute material can be displayed in the sales order or only substitute material is to be

displayed in the sales order.

;t controls printing of substituted or substitute material on output types li(e order confirmations.

;n delivery, no material determination is carried out for items copied from the order.


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"aterial determination in a delivery is carried out for new items if material determination has

been activated for the corresponding sales document type

What is the central organiBational element in purchasing?

8urchasing 9rganiBation.

>ow is plant determined?

System searches for the plant in the following manner&

#1' first it searches for a plant from 2";*#customer&material info record'.

#0';f it is not found there then it will search for a plant

in 2ustomer master record of ship&to&party.

#';f still it could not be found then it will chec( in

material master in Sales general@8lant view.

in this sequence the plant is determined.

What is a handling unit?

!he SA8 >F is used for trac(ing the handling units used by the materials. Some common

handling units are pac(agings materials li(e cartons, pallets etc.

;n the SA8 system, the handling unit #>F' expands on the shipping unit. >andling units can be

nested and you can also create new handling units from several handling units as often as you

li(e. At the material item level, >Fs contain the complete material identification, the quantity,

and, in the case of serial numbers, the respective obect list. >andling units have unique,

scannable identification numbers that can be developed according to standards such as %A-

107 or SS22.

>andling units contain all inventory management information of the materials they contain that

are maintained in ;nventory "anagement. !here are also status messages that you can call up

at any time that indicate whether a handling unit is only planned or if the ship&to party has been

notified of the arrival of this handling unit, or whether it is in the warehouse or has already been

posted to goods issue. !he integrated history function also records each business process in

the life cycle of each handling unit, meaning that you can trac( the handling unitPs path and

development at any time.


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*efer to $ogistics &R 2entral 5unctions &R >andling Fnit "anagement

;n >F&managed storage locations, all goods movements are executed through the specification

of the respective >Fs, and ;nventory "anagement is performed through the handling units. ;f

you are wor(ing without >F&managed storage locations, you can wor( with handling units

#without stoc( information' as before in the delivery and in the shipment.

;n >F&managed storage locations, materials can be managed in >Fs only. "ixed stoc( made

up of pac(ed and non&pac(ed materials within the same storage location are not supported.

>Fs can also be managed in interim storage types. Fnpac(ing a material from a >F means that

the stoc( of the material is posted to a storage location that is not >F&managed. ;f you call up

normal material movements in connection with an >F&managed storage location, a delivery is

created, rather than a direct material posting, which has been the procedure up to now.

8lease note that if you want to use 11 to move the material already in stoc(, but in a non >F"

Storage $ocation and you want to transfer those materials into a >F" Storage $ocation 3. ;f

this is the case you can use the transaction +$"9+% with the destination plant and storage

location. :efore that you have to create the >F with the transaction code >F0 Storage

location where the material is and the status in stoc(.

>andling units are unique at client level in at least one system. Fsing an indicator at client level,

you can control whether you are going to wor( with the >F functions. Since the handling unit is

a physical unit, the central logistics processes are controlled through the input of the handling

unit identification. !hese processes include putaway, pic(ing, and stoc( transfers, as well as

goods receipts and goods issues.

A handling unitPs mobility can be limited if quality chec(s are active. 2hanges in the stoc(

category caused by a quality inspection are made using a posting change in the handling unit.

!here is also a report available that you can use to find and display handling units using

different selection criteria such as material, pac(ing instruction, or storage location.

Although the handling unit is basically a unit that remains constant in the system, you can

change it by repac(ing the materials it contains. All the pac(ing functions, such as pac(ing,

repac(ing, and unpac(ing, are completely supported by the handling unit functionality. ;n this

way, handling units can be created in production, during goods receipt, or in the pac(ing areas

of the warehouse. ;f you have automatic pac(ing, the handling unit is created from the

pac(aging proposals defined in the system #from the pac(ing instructions, for example'

What is difference between listing and exclusion?

1. $isting is nothing but whatever material u assign to particular customer, then he can access

those materials .:ut exclusion is nothing but excluding the 8articular material to the customer,

then customer cannot access those materials.

5or example&;n pharmaceutical company, customer sometimes the customer may not have a


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license to sell certain product, then we can use this function.

0.$isting is suppose for a certain or group of customers u can assign materials only those can

access. %xclusion is suppose u donPt want that certain materials certain customer should not

access .So the particular customer can not purchase the same .

Always exclusion is having higher priority than listing. ;n exclusion the system refuses the

entered materials if it is maintained in exclusion record for specific customer but in case of

material listing it accepts only allowed material which we maintained in listing record for specific

customer .

>ow revenue account is determined?

*evenue a@c determination

1. Application

0. 2hart of accounts

. Sales 9rg

3. 2ondition type

4. Account assignment group from customer

. Account assignment group from material

6. Account (ey

When will you combine deliveries into one invoice?

we will combine multiple deliveries into one invoice, when the bill to party , payment terms and

billing date is same. And also when billing date, that means billing is done only once in a month

for that particular customer, then you combine all deliveries of that month create invoice

2an anybody help me out to configure SA8 S) pricing for ;ndian 8harmacy company. !he client

is having so many scenarios li(e 8rice to )ealer, 8rice to retailer, )irect sales to ;nstitution.

;nstitution sales via dealer. 5or all above scenarios 8rice is ;nclusive of taxes.


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-ote & 8rices at :atch level "*8

8lease let me (now your contact details to explain all our scenarios.

>i *adha, ; am hereby sending the document please go through the document and revert forfurther clarifications S) 8ricing for ;ndian 8harmacy

S!%8S 1.2reation of Account Droups )efine2ontrol2ustomers:usiness 8artner

$ogistics T Deneral Account Droups and 5ield Selections for 2ustomers a. )efine Account

Droups with Screen $ayout #2ustomer'

b. 2reate -umber *anges for 2ustomer Accounts

c. Assign -umber ranges for 2ustomer Account Droups

-9!% Eou will have to maintain separate Account groups for )ealer, *etailer, ;nstitution and

;nstitution sales via dealer. !he -umber ranges should be created separately and assigned

accordingly.

0.8artner determination must be done accordingly# with respect to the type of account groups

that we have created'. Set8artner )etermination :asic 5unctionsSales and )istribution

up 8artner )etermination

.2ustomer >ierarchies should be maintained. 2ustomers:usiness 8artners"aster

)ata#Sales and )istribution Assign Account Droups'2ustomer >ierarchy

3.Assign >ierarchy type based on Sales document type that you maintain .

4.Assign >ierarchy type for pricing by sales document type2ustomers:usiness 8artners

"aster )ataSales and )istribution Assign >ierarchy !ype for 8ricing :y Sales

)ocument2ustomer >ierarchy !ype

.Assign Sales areas to customer hierarchy types 2ustomers:usiness 8artners

"aster )ataSales and )istribution Assign Sales Areas2ustomer >ierarchy

6.)efine 2ustomer Droups2ustomers:usiness 8artners"aster )ataSales and

)istribution )efine 2ustomer DroupsSales %x 1 T )ealer 0 T *etailer T ;nstitution 3 T

;nst)eal

7.)efine Sales )istricts., $egal status of the customer -9!% 2hec( out whether you have a

)ummy 2ustomer 2oncept in that case you will have to create a dummy account group for

)ummy customer. Similarly you chec( for one time customer #again you will have to create one

time customer a@c group, number ranges creation and assignment. -ote the no. ranges should

be unique, be careful.' Sales )ocument !ypes, )elivery )ocument types and :illing document

types should be copied and renamed.#8refixing it with UQV. ;tem 2ategories which is important

field should also be copied and maintained with UQV as starting letter. Schedule line categories


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should also be maintained appropriately starting with UQV.

8ricing procedure

1."aintain Access Sequence or 2opy and create the Access Sequence appropriately #5or 8rice,

!ax or 5or +A! purpose accordingly'

0."aintain 2ondition !ypes or 2opy and create the 2ondition !ypes appropriately #maintain

condition types for 8rice, )iscounts, taxes. Accordingly'

.2opy and create 5our 8ricing procedures according to the scenarios that you have raised#5or

)ealer@*etailer@;nstitution@;nstitution sales via dealer'. -ormal means, copy *+AA1 and

maintain only the relevant condition types.

3. ;f 2;- is applicable, then chose !AO;-X or !AO;-- accordingly. :etter to have !AO;-- it is

easy to maintain for excise purpose and it is also recommended by SA8 2ommunity from +er

.'.

4.;5 !AO;-- is maintained then copy any one of the procedure X;-5A2 #5actory Sales' or

X;-)%8 #)epot sales' copy and rename the procedure and maintain only the relevant condition

types that you use as well as, excise duty if it is needed.

.:efore proceeding to 8ricing procedure determination, we need to chec( the U)ocument

8ricing procedureV and U2ustomer 8ricing procedureV accordingly.8ricing 2ontrol8ricing

:asic 5unctionsSales and )istribution )efine 2ustomer 8ricing 8rocedure)efine and

Assign 8ricing 8rocedures 2ust. )escription 1 )ealer 0 *etailer ;nstitution 3 ;nst)eal

8ricing 2ontrol8ricing:asic 5unctionsSales and )istribution )efine )ocument 8ricing

8rocedure)efine and Assign 8ricing 8rocedures ;f we want we can change the document

pricing procedure accordingly or let the document remain as UAV T Standard %lse A & Standard#)ealer' ! & *etailer - T ;nstitution Q T ;nst)eal

6.8ricing 8rocedure )etermination %nter the Sales Area, )ocument 8ricing procedure,

2ustomer 8ricing 8rocedure, 8ricing 8rocedure and 2ondition !ype. %x ;f you are running

8ricing for )ealer then, you should create Sales )ocument, )elivery )ocument and :illing

)ocument Accordingly.

7.!a(e care of 2opy 2ontrols from sales document to sales )ocument, Sales document to

)elivery, )elivery document to billing )ocument and Sales document to billing )ocument.

/.2hec( 5or *eturn 8rocess 2ycle and 5ree goods if any maintain 2opy controls for returnprocess from billing document to sales document correctly.

1.-ow since, you are in 8harma industry you will also have to maintain 8ricing at :illing level

too. #Since 8rices might vary during order received time and dispatch time or invoicing time so

do the pricing accordingly' "aintain )oc pricing active at billing level. )etermine 8ricing at

billing level

11.-umber range should be unique at billing level too for respective invoices . 10."aintain no.


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ranges and customiBed document types #Starting with Q$0- or QD0-' for )ebit "emo and

2redit "emo accordingly ; hope it meets your requirement

Sap Interview Concepts

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