In the 9th century, the Roman Catholic Church shifted the date of All Saints' Day to 1 November, while 2 November later became All Souls' Day.

Over time, Samhain and All Saints'/All Souls' merged and helped to create the modern Halloween.

Oweynagat ('cave of the cats'), one of the many 'gateways to the Otherword' from whence beings and spirits were said to have emerged on Samhain.

Guising: To disguise oneself to trick the faeries.

 In parts of southern Ireland during the 19th century, the guisers included a hobby horse known as the Láir Bhán (white mare).

All Saints’ Day at Skogskyrkogården in Stockholm

Members of the Pheonix Bonfre society walk with burning staffs during the Bonfire Night celebrations on November 5, 2012 in Lewes, Sussex in England. Bonfire Night is related to the ancient festival of Samhain, the Celtic New Year. Processions held across the South of England culminate in Lewes on November 5, commemorating the memory of the seventeen Protestant martyrs.

Samhain ritual

Samhain – Halloween – or All Saints’ Day?

The LanternAccording to historian Ronald Hutton, in the 19th century, Hallowe'en guisers in parts of Ireland and the Scottish Highlands commonly used jack-o'-lanterns made from turnips and mangelwurzels. They were "often carved with grotesque faces to represent spirits or goblins". 

In these areas, 31 October–1 November was known as Samhain and it was seen as a time when spirits or fairies were particularly active. Christopher Hill also writes that "jack-o'-lanterns were carved out of turnips or squashes and were literally used as lanterns to guide guisers on All Hallows' Eve." 

Some claim that the Jack-o'-lanterns originated with All Saints' Day (1 November)/All Souls' Day (2 November) and represented Christian souls in purgatory.

Guising and fire-lanterns combined

Heroes

Achilles

Cuchulainn and Ferdia

Fionn Mac Cumhaill

Boudicca

St James the Moorslayer 

St Joan of Arc

Saint George – Sankt Göran

Army private Bradley Manning

Leymah Gobwee and her women’s peace organization was instrumental in bring peace to the nation of Liberia because of their courageous sit ins.