IEEE Std C37.104-2002 - IEEE Guide for Automatic Reclosing of Line Circuit Breakers for AC Distri
Samaan Short Circuit IEEE PSE09
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Transcript of Samaan Short Circuit IEEE PSE09
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Modeling of Wind Power Plants for
Transmission Network
Nader Samaan Robert Zavadil J. Charles Smith Jose Conto
EnerNex Corporation
Knoxville, TN
UWIG
Reston, VA
ERCOT
Taylor, TX
Presented at
IEEE 2008 Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition
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Agenda
Objective
Modeling of Type 1 WTG for steady stateshort circuit anal sis
Calculating equivalent impedance for wind plantto e use n s ort c rcut ana ys s
t t h w th tr n i nt h vi r f
Type 1 WTG during fault conditions
Conclusions
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Objective
Procedures to calculate the contribution of WindPower Plants (WPP) to short circuits in the MV/HV
transmission network (steady state analysis)To characterize the asymmetrical induction
generator short circuit current to identify the
breakers momentary duty (transient analysis) As the input mechanical power to induction
generator is almost constant after the fault, the
s or c rcu curren o n uc on genera or maydecay in a different manner than induction motors
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Type 1 Wind Turbine Generator
Type 1 wind turbine generator (WTG) is a-
It is connected directly to the padmount
Gear Soft starter
Grid
SCIG
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Modeling of Type 1 WTG for Steady State Short
Circuit Analysis Induction generator in short circuit calculations is
re resented as a volta e source in series with the
direct axis sub-transient inductance
That means for a 3LG fault at the WTG LV
,symmetrical short-circuit current with a magnitude
current during the first cycle after the fault
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Procedures for Determining the WPP
Equivalent Impedance (1)A detailed model for the WPP is needed to determine theplant 3-phase to ground I and single line to ground
ZZ
ISLG short circuit currents at the plant main substation
ne nene
Isc Feeder
ne nene
Isc Feeder
ZWTGZWTG ZWTG ZWTG
Isc_9Isc_8 Isc_7 Isc_6
_
ZWTGZWTG ZWTG ZWTG
Isc_9Isc_8 Isc_7 Isc_6
_
VG9
VG8 VG7 VG6VVG9
VVG8 VVG7 VVG6
WTG=T
ZT Impedance of turbine step up transformer
WTG=T
ZT Impedance of turbine step up transformer
d
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Procedures for Determining the WPP
Equivalent Impedance (2)Using the E/Z simplified method, short-circuit currentsare then used to obtain the equivalent positive sequence
and zero sequence impedances of the plantLL
V 3 LNV1 2
33 * LGI0 1
SLGI
WPP +ve -ve se uence
impedanceszero sequence
impedance
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eneric Dynamic Model for Squirrel Cage Induction
Generator with Pitch Angle Controller
Pitch Angle
Controller
AeroDynamics
-massmodel for
q e ca einduction
model
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Case Study
A 50 MW wind farmconsists of 20 2.5
MW Type 1 WTG
n y ower ac orwith 1.35 MVAR
switched on
au as s or . sec(12 cycles)
Grid MVA SC duty 1500 MVA
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Case Study: (3LG Fault at WPP MV Bus)
Fault Duration
Injected current from the WPP to the substation MV bus
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Case Study (SLG Fault at WPP MV Bus)
Faulted phase
Fault Duration
Injected current from the WPP to the substation MV bus
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Case Study (Decay of WPP Short Circuit
Current)No. of
cycles
after fault
Current
peak
value
Percentage of
rated
current
No. of
cycles
after
Current
peak
value
Percentage of
rated current
eak value
peak value(1167 A)
fault
(1167 A)
Max value 6623 A 568%after fault
instant
a ter au tinstant
3 cycles
3 cycles 3331 A 285%
6 c cles 1560 A 134%
6 cycles 2524 A 216%
9 cycles 780 A 67%9 cycles 1618 A 139%
3LG Fault SLG Fault
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Case Study (WTG Short circuit current)
3LG fault
Generator instantaneous current waveforms
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Case Study (WTG Short circuit current)
SLG fault
Generator instantaneous current waveforms
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Case Study (WTG Short circuit current)
Line to Line fault
Generator instantaneous current waveforms
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Induction generator highest peak current values
during the fault-Phase A
12 3 phase to groundLine to line fault10
Line to line faultLine to gro und fault
68
46
1 pu
Short circuit
current in kA
020 P re -f a ult Af ter F a ult 3 cy cles 6 cy cles 9 cy cles
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Induction generator highest peak current
values during the fault-Phase B
18 3 p h a s e t o g r o u n d
141618
Lin e t o l in e f au l tL in e t o g r o u n d f a u l t
1012
1 pu
Short circuit
current in kA
468
024
P r e-f a ul t A f te r F a ul t 3 c yc l es 6 c yc l e s 9 c yc l es
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Induction generator highest peak current
values during the fault-Phase C
18 3 phase to ground
141618 Line to line fault
Line to ground fault
81012
1 pu
Short circuit
current in kA
468
024
Pre f ault After Fault 3 cycles 6 cycles 9 cyclesre-f ault After Fault 3 cycles 6 cycles 9 cycles
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Case Study (Short Circuit Calculations)
Description Before the After the Fault level
Description Detailed
Model
Equivalent
Circuit
SK'' (MVA short- 1616.882 1616.867
a t on o
the WPP
a t on o
the WPP
ncrease
MVA short-
circuit1500 1617 7.8%
c rcu power
Ik(Symmetri
cal Sub
PhaseA
4059 A
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Conclusions
Procedures have been developed to build anequivalence circuit for wind plant to be used in short
circuit studies Different comparisons show that the equivalent
circuit gives the same result as the detailed model
The contribution of Type 1 WTG during the initialcycle of the fault (asymmetrical current) can be ashigh as 6 or more times the rated machine current
or c rcu curren ra e o ecay epen s on efault type with the fastest decay rate in the case of a
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Questions