Salt Iodization

MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing

Background

• IDD is the world’s leading cause of preventable mental retardation and impaired psychomotor development in young children

• In its most extreme form, iodine deficiency causes cretinism

• It also significantly raises the risks of stillbirth and miscarriage for pregnant women

Background

• IDD is most commonly and visibly associated with goitre

• IDD takes its greatest toll in impaired mental growth and development, contributing in turn to poor school performance, reduced intellectual ability, and impaired work performance

International Goals & Targets

To achieve sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency by 2005

Definition of Indicator

Percentage of households consuming adequately iodized salt (> 15 parts per million)

Numerator: Number of households with salt testing 15 parts per million or more of potassium iodide/iodate

Denominator: Total number of households surveyed

Methodological Issues

• Standard cut-offs for iodine concentration (> 15 parts per million)

• Potassium iodate or potassium iodide

• Comparability of estimates over time – production vs. consumption estimates– parts per million cut-offs

Methodological Issues

• Interpret with caution if salt was not tested in >10% of households

• Households with no salt in home are now included in the distribution

• If a household has salt but it is not tested, these households are omitted from the denominator

Tabulation Plan

Table NU.5: Iodized Salt Consumption

Regional Data

Consumption of Adequately Iodized Salt (15 ppm or more)

86 85

6860 58

49 47

69

0

20

40

60

80

100

Latin

Am

eric

a/Car

ibbea

n

East A

sia/P

acifi

c

West

/Cen

tral A

frica

East/S

outh

ern A

frica

Mid

dle E

ast/N

orth A

frica

South A

sia

CEE/CIS

Devel

oping

countri

es

% h

ou

seh

old

s co

nsu

min

g

adeq

uat

ely

iod

ized

sal

t

47

19

26

28

32

33

35

42

53

55

62

64

68

73

77

80

83

84

90

98

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

CEE/CIS

Uzbekistan

Azerbaijan

Tajikistan

Ukraine

Moldova, Rep of

Russian Federation

Kyrgyzstan

Romania

Belarus

Albania

Turkey

Georgia

Serbia/Montenegro

Bosnia/Herzegovina

Macedonia TFYR

Kazakhstan

Armenia

Croatia

Bulgaria

Turkmenistan

Iodized Salt Consumption (CEE/CIS)

Household

Consumption

of

Adequately

Iodized Salt

(15 ppm or more)

Iodized Salt Consumption (ROSA)

Household Consumption of Adequately Iodized Salt (15 or more ppm)

9588

7063

5044

28

17

49

0

20

40

60

80

100

% h

ou

seh

old

s co

nsu

min

g

adeq

uat

ely

iod

ized

sal

t

86

1

11

18

67

80

88

88

88

90

90

90

90

91

91

92

93

95

97

97

99

100

100

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Latin America/Caribbean

Trinidad/Tobago

Haiti

DR

Guatemala

Honduras

Brazil

Cuba

Paraguay

Argentina

Belize

Bolivia

Venezuela

El Salvador

Mexico

Colombia

Peru

Panama

Costa Rica

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Chile

Jamaica

Saint Kitts/Nevis

Iodized Salt Consumption (TACRO)

Household

Consumption

of

Adequately

Iodized Salt

(15 ppm or more)

Iodized Salt Consumption (MENA)

Household

Consumption

of

Adequately

Iodized Salt

(15 ppm or more)

58

1

30

40

41

56

61

65

69

79

87

88

90

94

97

0 20 40 60 80 100

Middle East/North Africa

Sudan

Yemen

Iraq

Morocco

Egypt

Oman

OPT

Algeria

Syria

Lebanon

Jordan

Libya

Iran

Tunisia

Iodized Salt Consumption (EAPRO)

Household Consumption of Adequately Iodized Salt(15 ppm or more)

93

8375 75 73 72

63 60 56

4031

14

85

0

20

40

60

80

100

China

Viet N

am

Lao P

DR

Mongolia

Indon

esia

Timor-L

este

Thaila

nd

Mya

nmar

Philipp

ines

Korea,

Dem

. Rep Fiji

Cambodia

East A

sia/ P

acifi

c

% h

ousehold

s c

onsum

ing

adequate

ly iodiz

ed s

alt

Iodized Salt Consumption (ESARO)

Household

Consumption

of

Adequately

Iodized Salt

(15 ppm or more)

60

28

35

43

49

54

59

62

63

66

68

69

75

77

82

90

91

93

95

96

0 20 40 60 80 100

East/Southern Africa

Ethiopia

Angola

Tanzania

Malawi

Mozambique

Swaziland

South Africa

Namibia

Botswana

Eritrea

Lesotho

Madagascar

Zambia

Comoros

Rwanda

Kenya

Zimbabwe

Uganda

Burundi

68

0

2

2

8

15

16

20

23

28

31

36

45

58

61

67

68

72

72

74

74

86

97

0 20 40 60 80 100

West/CentralAfrica

Cape Verde

Guinea-Bissau

Mauritania

Gambia

Niger

Senegal

Equatorial Guinea

Sierra Leone

Ghana

Côte d'Ivoire

Gabon

Burkina Faso

Chad

Cameroon

Togo

Guinea

Benin

Congo, Dem Rep

Mali

Sao Tome/Principe

CAR

Nigeria

Iodized Salt Consumption (WCARO)

Household

Consumption

of

Adequately

Iodized Salt

(15 ppm or more)