SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren...
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![Page 1: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013
SAFIC Project CoordinatorSoeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS
Welcome
![Page 2: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013
Project/workshop ground rules:Workshops•Focus on presenters & activities
•Mobiles off
•Laptops only when typing
![Page 3: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program:
1st day (Tuesday 26th Feb 2013):Results 2012, Country Background papers/reports, Theoretical framework/Indicators/survey & Socialising2nd day (Wednesday 27th Feb 2013): Theoretical framework etc (part II) and PhDs3rd day (Thursday 28th Feb 2013):Country plans, The year 2013, Practicalities & Viewing the Falls
![Page 4: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SAFIC – Program – Day 1 (26 Feb 2013)
• Results (Overall and by teams)• Break• Country Background Papers/reports
& what have we learnt, including lunch & Break
• Theoretical framework/Indicators of ‘success’ and the survey instrument (part 1)
• Dinner
![Page 5: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 –Practicalities:
* Food (breakfast, lunch and dinner at Crossroads Lodge)
* Internet (…., password: …..)
* Any other questions, ask us (Douglas, Godfrey and local team)
![Page 6: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Project aims, objectives and outputs:
To refresh our minds
Aims:* To investigate how and why African firms are able to be successful in changing business and institutional environments
![Page 7: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Aims (2):
(LFA-version)To contribute to enhanced understanding of economic growth and employment through new knowledge on firm development in the African private sector
![Page 8: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Objectives:
* To identify strategies that lead to sustained firm performance, and
* To seek to explain the firm’s success by looking at the interface between firm internal factors (resources and capabilities) and firms external factors (market structures and institutions – formal and informal)
![Page 9: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Objectives (2):
(LFA version):
* To understand the origins of local firms’ success in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia* as a means to inform firm strategies and economic development policy in these countries
![Page 10: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Objectives (Key research question):
* How and why certain local firms in the three countries manage to grow with different degrees of success under changing conditions and often volatile market and institutional conditions?
![Page 11: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Outputs:
Academic:
* 20 working & conf. papers* 20 journal articles* 3 country background reports* 1 book (selection of case studies)* 1 post-doc; 5 PhD theses; 21
Master theses * Workshops (13) and Conferences
(2)
![Page 12: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Outputs (2):
Policy:* Press releases* Policy briefs, at least 5* 4 Policy/stakeholder
workshops* Interaction with
stakeholders
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Results for 2012
What did we achieve in our first year?
A lot!• Teams in place• 5 PhDs enrolled & started• 2 Associate Professors• Web site• Administrative procedures!
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Results for 2012 (2)
• Joint plus country team workshops• Mapping underway (into the field –
organisations/institutions and firms)
• Country Background Papers/Reports on the way
• First draft paper/publication• Master thesis students started
![Page 15: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Results for 2012 (3)
The team results/outputs
•Tanzania•Zambia•Kenya
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Plans and output for 2013:
• CBPs completed• Survey undertaken• Case firms selected and
interviewed (first time)• PhDs moved further• Master thesis students – more
• 2012 Annual report and accounts
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Plans and output for 2013:
• Workshops (one joint plus team/field workshops)
• Update web (teams and PhDs)
• Working and conference papers?• Journal articles?• Initiate discussion of ‘case format’ –
what is a case study? And what does a ‘case’ for teaching entail?
![Page 18: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Country Background Papers
Presentation of CBPs/CBRs:
• Key findings• Learnings, and • Reflections for the upcoming
field work and the conceptual parts
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Country Background Papers
Presentation of CBPs/CBRs:
• Kenyan team• Tanzanian team, and • Zambian team
• 20 minutes for presentation• 10 minutes for comments
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical framework, indicators and surveyOverall issue:• Need refinement of analytical
framework (key concepts and their relationship)
• Experiences and reflections• Theoretical considerations• Survey instrument (content)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Reflections on cross-cutting issues Methodological/empirical
learnings – for the project?
* Challenges in the field?* Timing & Content of survey* (and later case studies)* Use of existing data (World Bank and other)?
![Page 22: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical framework, indicators and surveyTheoretical considerations:
Which main theories and concepts to use?
Implications for the analytical framework(s)?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (2)
Main theories and concepts:
FirmMarketInstitutions
![Page 24: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (3)
Firm level:Resource based theories
ResourcesCapabilities (static, dynamic)Success (performance)Strategies
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (4)
Institutions:
Institutional theoryState-business-relations
Formal and informal
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (5)
Markets (market institutions):* Macro economic conditions* Trade* Industry (global, regional, local)* Competitors
Not to be theorised – for granted!
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (6)
Assumptions:A. Critical regarding usage of
theories and conceptsB. Some to be dealt with in survey,
Other wait until case studiesC. Common core (comparison) -
with room for individual wishes
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (7)
A. Critical regarding usage of theories and concepts
• Keep it simple and practical‘Resources and capabilities’
• Not ‘dynamic capabilities’ and• Not ‘ sustained performance
/competitive advantages’
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (7)
A. Critical regarding usage of theories and concepts
• Translate into what we will ask for in the field‘Resources’- Physical- Human, and- Financial
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (8)
Translate into what we will ask for in the field
‘Capabilities’- How are organisational
practices carried out?- What do they do in the
firm (selected areas)?- Changes in this over time?
![Page 31: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (9)
‘Success’ (performance)- Which indicators?- Financial and non-financial?
1) Financial2) Market3) Managerial4) Human Resources, and 5)
Technological/innovation?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (10)
‘Success’ (performance)- Missing the institutions
6) No of & level of contacts to government7) Involvement in business
associations8) Knowledge on regulations (local and global)?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (11)
‘Strategies’-Identification of strategies-Which strategies seem to be more or less successful?
* Over time* In certain sectors, and/or* Under certain conditions
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (12)
Institutional theory
-Influence of formal and informal institutions on firm strategies
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (13)
Institutional theoryFormal:
* Infrastructure?* Government (ministries) &
regulationsInformal:
* Norms, values and culture* Trust and relationships
![Page 36: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (14)
State-Business-relations:Formal:
* To ministries (decision makers) – From ministries
* Directly or indirectlyInformal:
* Relationships, networks and ties (personal, clan, religion)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (15)
Analytical framework:
Firm level* Resources* Capabilities* Performance (or indicators)
![Page 38: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (16)
Analytical framework:
Influence of institutions and marketsLeading to:A) Identification and B) analysis of 1) strategies and 2) degrees of success
![Page 39: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (16)
Analytical framework:
Influence of institutions and marketsLeading to:A) Identification and B) analysis of 1) strategies and 2) degrees of success
![Page 40: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey (and case studies)
Methodological implications:Different stepsA)SurveyB)Case studiesC)Analysis of strategies and
degrees of success(- Over time etc)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey (and case studies)
Methodological implications:
A)Survey
We focus on certain dataPatterns and overviewSelection of cases
![Page 42: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey (and case studies)
A) Survey
Limitations:* Changes of time* Causal relations* ‘Superficial’
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program
2nd Day (Wednesday 27th Feb)•Further on theoretical framework, indicators and survey•PhDs•(Master theses – Thursday)•The Falls …•With breaks, lunch and dinner!
![Page 44: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2)
Further on
•Theoretical framework•Indicators, and•Survey
![Page 45: SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011722/5a4d1af17f8b9ab05997e75c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2)
Summary Day 1:•Theoretical framework
* Firm (resources, capabilities, success /performance & strategies)
* Institutions* Markets
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2)
Summary Day 1:•Indicators
* Financial and* Non-financial* Balance the ‘ideal’ with the ‘realistic’ (time for & can get from firms and other
respondents)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2)
Summary Day 1:•Survey
* Merge input from Goodluck and Kenya/PK with input from Peter K
* Common core (generic)* Individual (sector and/or
country)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2)
Summary Day 1:•Survey
* Clarify understanding of agroprocessing and/or agrobusiness
* See T-CBP, p. 7
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2)
Summary Day 1:•Survey
* Align sub-sectors in three countries
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Summary Day 1 (survey)
Countries: Sub-sectorsTanzania: Dairy, Grain Milling, edible oils, horticulture, fish- processingKenya: Grain Milling, Dairy, Horticulture, Juices, Sauces and Jams, and SnacksZambia: Grain Milling, Horticulture, Dairy, Meat, Sauces and Jams, Juices?, Edible oils?Joint: Grain Milling, Horticulture, Sauces and Jams (Edible Oils?)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Summary Day 1 (survey)
Administration:•Timing (when, for how long?)•Face-to-face•Sequence: Common part first, then country•Processing: SPSS•Analysing: From Analytical framework
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Summary Day 1 (survey)
Additional input:•Peter K•Lettice•Dorothy?•All ….Processing: SPSS
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – PhDs
PhD projects – presentations:
One by one15 minutesTwo discussantsComments from rest
Summary on cross-cutting issues
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – PhDs
PhD projects:
A)Status – reflections (How far, the needed level of clarification, how to move towards final approval?)B)Progress (when to be approved –within next 3-4 months (need input as part of reporting to DFC plus need to see ‘satisfactory progress)C)DFC/FFU: If not completed, pay back!
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – PhDs
PhD projects:
D) Supervision, timing and other cross-cutting issues (next travel to Denmark and course work) for PhD projects
– if we have time today!
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program February 28th 2013
• Agreement on entry parameters• Subsectors for the food processing
industry• Success indicators• Survey format & process• PhDs – any additional issues?• Master thesis students• Individual country studies & plans• Farewell to Tanzanian team• Further work / leisure ….
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2
Project ground rules (I):Workshops•Focus on presenters & activities
•Mobiles off
•Laptops only when typing
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2
Agreement on entry parameters
•Ownership
•Age of establishment
•Number of permanent employees
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2
Agreement on entry parameters
•(Local) Ownership
•Majority owned by Citizen(s) of the country
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2
Agreement on entry parameters
•Age: Five years since start-up
•Number of employees (full time): (minimum) Ten
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2
Subsectors in food processing
•Grain Milling•Edible Oils•Horticulture (minus flowers)•Dairy•Sauces and jams•Snacks
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Summary Day 1 (survey)
Countries: Sub-sectorsTanzania: Dairy, Grain Milling, edible
oils, horticulture, fish-processing, tea and coffee
Kenya: Bakery, Grain Milling, Horticulture, Juices, Sauces and Jams, and Snacks
Zambia: Grain Milling, Horticulture, Meat, Sauces and Jams
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Thursday 28th Feb 2013
Indicators of degrees of success:A. Financial & Non-financial
B. Measures of high or low performance
C. Limited number for survey
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Indicators of success
Financial: 1) Change in turnoverNon-financial:2) Market – Expansion3) Managerial – No of person trained4) Human resource – Retention rate5) Technology – level of investment
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Indicators of success
Non-financial (continued):6) Membership of BAs7) Membership of committees 8) Growth in no of employees 9) ?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey format revised
A. New draftB. Process
* Comments* Committee* Administration (tool-kit ..)* Deadline
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey format revised
B. Process
* Comments?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey format revised
B. Process
* Committee & tasks
* Who? (David/Goodluck, Radha/Wamalwa, Soeren)
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey format revised
B. ProcessTasks:
1. Finalise instrument2. Write tool-kitsA. Content of questionsB. Administration
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey format revised
B. ProcessDeadline(s):
1. Instrument?2. Tool-kits?A. Content of questionsB. Administration
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – PhDs
Additional issues?Deadline for plans
Supervision?Courses?Trip to Denmark?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Master theses:
• Kenya (6), Tanzania (10), Zambia (5)• Small funds for support• Link closely to project, e.g.:
* Data collection (quantitative & qualitative), with particular focus* Theoretical perspectives* Sector wise
• Status and reflections?
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Individual country groups
Plans and objectives for 2013:
•Field work•Team workshops•Organisation•Publications•Other?
•Plan to project coordinator
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Coming year & Next workshop
Survey
Case studies (when & what do we mean?)
PhDs
Travel
Next joint – conference in Tanzania
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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Goodbye
SAFE TRAVEL!
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Market structures and economic institutions
Political and Social institutions
FIRMResources and
Capabilities
Figure 1: Conceptualisation of the Firm and its Key Relationships
Development path and history
(Successful) performance
Strategy