Sad1 System Fundamentals

UPHSD - MOLINOUPHSD - MOLINO

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ISYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN

SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

Systems Analysis and Design



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Systems Analysis

• What is a System?

• System Fundamentals

• Types of System

• The Study of Systems Analysis

• Advantages of Systems Analysis

• Limitations of Systems Analysis



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A SYSTEM?

• A regularly interacting or interdependent group of elements forming a unified whole.

• Eg. Water system, Transportation System, Ecological sytem..etc..



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

Business Systems

• Is a collection of polices, procedures, methods, people, machines, and other elements that interact and enable the organization to reach its goals.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

Information Systems

• Are collection of procedures, programs, equipment and methods that process data and make it available to management for decision making.

• Data – raw material to be processed.• Information – the product resulting from

the manipulation of raw data.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS

• Systems are constructs that operate within an environment.

• Systems are separated by a boundary. • Systems receive input, process information and

generate output.• Composed of Subsystems. • A Subsystem performs a specified task that is

compatible with the goals of the larger system of which it is a part.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization.

Computer-based Information System



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Hardware

Software

Databases

Networks

Other related components

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

are used to build

Payroll System

Inventory System

Marketing System

Customer Service System

IS Vs IT



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations

Major categories are:

i) Transaction processing systems

ii) Process control systems

iii) Office automation systems

2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers

Major categories are

i) Management Information System

ii) Decision Support Systems

iii) Executive Information System



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

1. Operations Support System

i) Transaction processing systems

• Process business exchanges• Maintain records about the exchanges• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks• Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes.

iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers

Major categories are:

i) Management information systems

Routine information for routine decisions Operational efficiency Use transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

ii) Decision Support System

• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS

iii) Executive information systems

provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

Other categories

a) Expert systems

b) End user computing systems

c) Business information systems

d) Strategic information systems

a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users

b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications

c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm

d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF SYSTEM

• Open Systems – the output cannot be determined precisely.

• Closed Systems – results can be predicted with certainty.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

THE STUDY OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

• the investigation of business or information systems.

• A scientific study of the systems process, including investigation of inputs and outputs, in order to find better, more economical, and more efficient means of processing.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEM ANALYSIS

• Greater Efficiency

• Maximizing profits

• Full use of resources

• Reduction of human effort

• Faster turnaround

• Reducing or eliminating of errors in data and information



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

LIMITATIONS

• Some business problems are beyond the scope of SA Techniques. (stockholders or public)

• SA effort cost time and money

• The human element can cause complications

• Effort is required to sell a system.



SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

QUESTIONS/COMMENTS

Sad1 System Fundamentals

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