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The Future of CoalDepends on Coal to Liquid Fuels and High Value Byproducts

Coal’s Image

Coal has been successfully demonized by wind, solar, gas, and nuclear

The average American does not realize how little coal pollutes compared to just 10 years ago

Many Americans still believe that Global Warming is a concern and that coal helps cause Global Warming.

Going Green

Legislation against coal will not stop because most legislators are out of touch with how rising energy costs affect the economy

Rather than fight the green economy Coal needs to become part of it and solve the bigger problems of energy independence and energy security.

Transportation

Transportation is vital to modern America Mass transit is fuel efficient but not convenient What is to be saved in conservation with higher

mileage cars is negated by more travel via less cost $/mile

Energy Density

Fuel Energy/kilogram Gasoline 46 MJ/kg Lithium Battery 1.8 MJ/kg Nickel Hydride Battery 0.288 MJ/kg

Electric Cars

Americans have come to expect economical performance from their cars. Electric cars provide worse performance for more cost.

Electric cars still use electricity which is generated from traditional fossil fuel sources.

Natural Gas

Natural Gas is at its lowest price because it is not being exported in mass quantities

Once LNG shipping facilities start coming online in 2016 Natural Gas prices will rise

Energy costs will start to rise in 2016 as many older coal power plants are phased out and Natural Gas rises in cost

After the War on Coal

Coal has rebounded remarkably so far in 2013 making up a lot of its market share it lost from 2010 to 2012

But……more and new regulatory burdens make it difficult to maintain profit margins and keep operating efficiently

The outlook on coal fired electrical power generating plants is bleak because of the demonization of the technology

Coal Needs a New Image

The Sustainable Abundance Foundation can not only help coal’s image, but help to make the coal industry more profitable and more environmentally friendly

The more the coal industry is perceived to be environmentally friendly the less rules and regulations it will be burdened with

Thorium

Thorium Energy Technology provides a path for coal to gradually transition from electricity generation to liquid transportation fuel production

Thorium Energy Technology has the potential to significantly add to coal company’s bottom line

Technologies

There have been many recycling technologies developed for coal ash and individually they are in large part not economically feasible

We believe that with the development of Thorium as a power generating feedstock for a MSR that comprehensive coal ash reclamation and benefaction is economically feasible

Uranium Extraction from Ash

Extracting Uranium from coal fly ash is a well proven technology but has never been economically viable on a commercial scale

Thorium has never been extracted from ash because there is currently no market for Thorium as a nuclear fuel

There is roughly 2.5 times the amount of Thorium in coal fly ash as there is Uranium (Alex Gabbard ORNL article 1993)

Thorium as a Fuel Source

If Thorium becomes a nuclear fuel source this would dramatically change the feasibility of recycling coal fly ash

Thorium can produce electricity very cheaply. We conservatively estimate electricity can be produced at a price half that of coal

This would mean the plasma gasification of coal could be very inexpensive

Plasma Gasification

If coal can be cheaply gasified into Syngas from the Thorium generated electricity found in coal fly ash… then there exists the possibility of economic feasibility of the conversion of coal to gasoline.

Even coal ash itself contains organics that can be plasma gasified and make Syngas

SynGas

Syngas can be utilized in many ways It can be cleaned and used as synthetic Natural

Gas and burned in a natural gas peaker plant or combined cycle natural gas plant

It can be made into highly valuable methanol, gasoline, diesel fuel, and fertilizer

Plasma Gasification Slag

Concentrates Uranium and Thorium In 1959 ORNL developed a process for removing

Uranium from slag We hope the process can be adapted for removing

Thorium from the slag

Coal and Fly-Ash to Liquid FuelsThe energy content of nuclear fuel released in coal combustion (in coal fly ash) is much more than that of the coal consumed in the electrical generation process when both Uranium and Thorium is considered.

More Revenue Streams

Start with Coal or Fly-ash

Plasma Gasification

Creation of Synthesis Gas

Creation of Thorium and

Uranium enriched slag

Dapex process

Liquid Transportation fuels

Uranium and Thorium Fuel

Create Electricity to Power Process

Synthetic Natural Gas for heat or electricity

Electricity SalesMedical Isotopes

TitaniumIronAluminumVanadium$ $

$$

$Uranium Yellow Cake Sales

$

Plasma Gasification Versatility

An affordable energy source for plasma gasification opens up numerous possibilities

Gasification of landfill waste, biomass, sewage, toxic compounds all converted to SynGas

The Coal / Thorium fuel cycle could help clean the environment many times over compared to renewables

Thorium Development

Thorium Energy development is vital to the future of the coal industry, our environment, and national security

Many other advantages exist for the coal industry in helping to develop Thorium energy technology such as: Conversion of coal to SynGas is much cheaper in pipelines than physically hauling coal by rail, truck, or ship

SynGas power plants are cheaper, more versatile, cleaner, and more efficient.

Sustainable Abundance Foundation

We would like to form a research and development partnership with the Ohio Coal Association with the expressed purpose of developing mutual beneficial technologies for the Coal/Thorium fuel cycle

We believe it would be in the best interest of the Ohio Coal Association to ascertain the economic feasibility of transitioning coal longterm with Thorium energy.