Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

I. A Cradle of Civilization

A. The first people in the Fertile Crescent were ______________________ and ______________________.

began to practice ________________________________

10,000 years ago

raising of ______________________ and

______________________

built permanent ______________________

developed new tools for ______________________

ex. ______________________

B. One of the world’s oldest towns, ______________________, still exists today in what is now the

____________________________________________.

settled about ______________________ years ago

C. Canaan

present day ______________________ and the ____________________________________________

D. Phoenicia

present day ______________________ and ______________________

E. The Canaanites and the Phoenicians were ______________________.

worshipped ________________________________________________________________________________________

Reading CheckWhen was Jericho settled?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Origins of Judaism

A. Abraham’s Covenant

According to the Hebrew, or ______________________, Bible, ______________________ was the father

of the Jewish people.

______________________ promised that Abraham would found a

great nation in ______________________.

In return, Abraham and his people had to

____________________________________________.

God’s agreement with Abraham is called a ______________________.

______________________, Abraham’s grandson, later called ______________________, had 12 sons.

grew to form the people known as the ______________________.

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

B. Escape from Slavery

______________________ drove the Israelites to ______________________, where the

______________________ enslaved them.

______________________, a prophet, led the Israelites out of ______________________ to the edge

of ______________________.

__________________________________________________________________

The Jewish holiday of ________________________________ commemorates this event.

God gave Moses a _______________ code including the ____________________________________________.

______________________ for good behavior.

Israelites took control in Canaan and established first the kingdom of ______________________

and later the kingdom of ______________________.

In 587 B.C. the ___________________________ empire conquered the Israelite kingdom of Judah

C. Captivity, Return, and Diaspora

___________________________ destroyed the great ______________

_______________________________________________________________ and carried away many people

from Judah as captives.

the people of Judah preserved their

___________________ and became known as

_________________.

named derived from __________________.

Captivity in Babylonia was the start of the

Jewish ______________________, or

______________________.

The region eventually came under ______________________ rule as the province

of______________________.

Romans heavily ______________________ the people and outlawed parts of the Jewish

______________________.

Reading CheckWhat was the Diaspora?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

III. The Beliefs of Judaism

A. Judaism developed a system of ______________________.

beliefs about what is ______________________ and

______________________

developed a tradition of acting responsibly within a

___________________________

B. Faith in One God

At the core of Judaism lies the belief that there is __________________________________________

who created the ______________________ and has always ______________________.

knows the ______________________ and ______________________ of people

______________________ the good and ______________________ the evil

Jews believe they carry on the Israelite’s ______________________ with God.

believe that God chose them to bear the responsibility of upholding his _________________

and serving as an example of ______________________ to other peoples

C. The Holy Scriptures

The scriptures or, ____________________________________________, of Judaism include the

Hebrew Bible, known as the ______________________.

Three parts of the Tanakh:

the ______________________

o “______________________”; tells the story of the

Israelites from God’______________________; basis for

Jewish ______________________ and ______________________

practice.

the Nevi’im

o “______________________”; contains the ______________________

of the many prophets of Judaism

Ketuvium

o “______________________”; includes ______________________ (sacred poems or songs)

and ______________________ (wisdom)

The ______________________ is a religious text which explains and interprets the

______________________.

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

D. The Ten Commandments and Justice

Jew’s ______________________ with God includes ______________________ that form a system of

______________________.

God gave rules to ______________________ on the journey from Egypt to Canaan.

The Ten Commandments

o ______________________ for acting justly and fairly that are meant to create a

______________________ and ______________________society.

o form a basis for ______________________, ____________________________________________,

and ______________________ in many parts of the modern world

Reading CheckWhy is justice important to Jews?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

IV. The Birth of Christianity

A. The Christian religion arose in the Roman province of ______________________ around A.D. 35.

based on ______________________ traditions

B. Jewish Roots

Judaism included a belief in a______________________

a leader chosen by ______________________

would restore the ______________________ nation and create God’s ______________________ in

the world

For Christians, the messiah is ______________________.

Jesus was born a ______________________ in ______________________.

grew up in ___________________________

______________________ about ______________________beliefs and ethics

______________________

______________________ for the ______________________

______________________ in ______________________

attracted many ______________________

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

The ______________________ governor of Judea put Jesus to death by ___________________________,

or nailing to a cross.

C. The Story of the Resurrection

Two days after Jesus’ death, some of his followers went to his

tomb and found it ______________________.

______________________, they believed, had raised Jesus from the dead,

or ___________________________ him.

Jesus’ followers believed that his resurrection proved that he was

the ______________________.

“______________________” is a Greek translation of the word

messiah.

followers became known as ___________________________

D. The Early Church and Its Spread

At first, most Christians came from a ______________________ background.

______________________, known to Christians as ______________________, began preaching

Christian beliefs to ______________________.

Christians faced ______________________ treatment in the ______________________ Empire for

hundreds of years.

Roman Emperor ___________________________ became a Christian in 312 A.D.

Christianity spread throughout the ______________________ world.

Today it is the ______________________ practiced religion in the world…more than 2 billion

followers.

Reading CheckWhy is the resurrection important to Christianity?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Beliefs of Christianity

A. For Christians, the resurrection is also God’s promise of ________________________

__________________.

Christians believe that Jesus died on the cross because of people’s ______________________, or

evil actions.

Jesus’ resurrection, with its promise of eternal life, is proof of God’s

______________________.

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

B. The Christian Bible

The ______________________ makes up most of the Christian Bible.

____________________________________________

contains the ____________________________________________

writings about the ______________________ and ______________________of ______________________

writings by the early Christian ______________________

C. The Trinity

one of the most complex concepts of Christianity

Most Christians believe that God exists in ______________________

forms, or persons:

God the Father

the ______________________

God the Son

______________________

the Holy Spirit

the ______________________ of God as experienced on Earth

The idea of the ______________________ separates Christianity from the other two

monotheistic religions (______________________ and ___________________________)

Reading CheckWhat are the two main parts of the Christian Bible?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. A Crossroads of Empires and New Religions

A. Life Under the Romans and Byzantines

After the Jewish revolt of A.D. 135, the Romans changed the

name of the region from Judea (land of the _________________)

to ___________________________ as punishment for the revolt.

Roman Emperor Constantine made the region of

___________________________ a center of ______________________

worship.

B. Arab Conquest and Islam

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

Between 614 and 629, the Byzantine empire lost control of ______________________ and

______________________ to the ______________________ empire.

______________________ attacked the region 5 years later.

By 640, the Arabs had conquered the entire region.

______________________ became the capital of a

______________________ empire.

Muslims recognize Abraham and Jesus as ______________________.

believe that ___________________________ was God’s last and

most important prophet

believe that Muhammad traveled to heaven from

___________________________

Muslims consider ___________________________ a holy city.

built an important ______________________ in 705

Islamic law favored Muslims but ______________________ Christians and Jews.

By the 800s, most people in the region had converted to ______________________ and

______________________ was the main language.

C. Crusaders and Muslim Rule

______________________ soldiers from western ______________________ attacked

______________________ in religious wars called the ______________________ in the late 1000s.

aimed to stop the spread of ______________________ and to take control of

______________________ from the ______________________

Crusaders established ______________________ kingdoms in ______________________ around 1100.

______________________ and ______________________ suffered brutal treatment under the

Crusaders.

In 1187 ______________________ forces conquered Jerusalem.

In 1517, the __________________________________________________________________ conquered the

entire region.

ruled until the early ______________________.

Reading CheckWhy is Jerusalem a holy city for Muslims?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VII. Independence and Conflict

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

A. Britain, France, and other European nations defeated the _____________________ empire in 1918,

at the end of __________________________________________.

B. European Mandates

After WWI, most of the world’s nations joined to form the _______________________________

___________ _____________________.

created __________________________ for areas conquered during the war

__________________________ placed under the control of powerful nations with a

promise of future ______________________________

Syria (including modern Lebanon) - _____________________ mandate

Palestine (Israel and Jordan) – _____________________ mandate

C. Zionism and Jewish Settlement

In Europe, Jews faced cruel and sometimes violent

__________________________________________.

discrimination against _____________________

In the late 1800s, Jews in Europe formed a movement called

_____________________.

aimed to create a _____________________ state in _____________________ because of

_____________________ historic connection to the region.

would allow ______________________ to create a safe _______________________________

Jews from the __________________________ began to move to __________________________, where

an ancient __________________________ community already existed.

D. Independence

Anti-Semitism in __________________________ grew and led to the

__________________________ during

____________________________________________________.

pushed more Jews to __________________________ to the

Palestine Mandate.

Mandates gained independence:

__________________________ – 1943

__________________________ and __________________________ – 1946

Thousands of Jews migrated from __________________________ to __________________________ after

the end of ____________________________________________________ in 1945.

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

tensions grew between the ______________________ majority and ___________________ over the

future of __________________________

In 1947, the ____________________________________________________ created a plan to

__________________________, or divide, __________________________ into two separate states:

__________________________ state

__________________________ state

__________________________rejected the UN plan, which J__________________________ accepted.

__________________________ declared independence as __________________________state in

1948.

E. Arab-Israeli Conflicts

During the

____________________________________________________ War of

1948, half of the _________________ people in the land that

came under _____________________ control fled as

__________________________.

Arab states took control of the

_______________________________ and

_______________________________.

In 1967, __________________________, __________________________ and __________________________

massed troops on __________________________ border and threatened to attack.

__________________________attacked __________________________, __________________________ and

__________________________ territory.

__________________________ gained control of the ____________________________________________

of the ____________________________________________________, __________________________

__________________________, the ____________________________________________________,

________________________________ and the ____________________________________________________.

o In 1973, __________________________ and __________________________ attacked

__________________________hoping to regain their lost territories, but

__________________________ defeated them.

The ____________________________________________________ helped

__________________________ and __________________________reach a

____________________________________________________ in 1979.

Israel and Its NeighborsChapter 10 Section 2

History of Israel and Its Neighbors

__________________________ returned the ____________________________________________________ to

Egypt.

__________________________ and __________________________ signed a

____________________________________________________in 1994.

F. War in Lebanon

In 1975, civil war broke out between __________________________ and __________________________.

In 1982, __________________________invaded to stop terrorist attacks from

__________________________.

War continued until __________________________.

Reading CheckWhat are some reasons for the conflict between Jews and Arabs?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Eras and Events

A. Judaism was established as the first monotheistic religion

and the basis for many modern ideas about ethics and

justice.

B. Arab Muslims fought for and won control of the region,

bringing their religion, language, and ways of life to it.

C. The Jewish community grew under the Palestine Mandate

and founded the nation of Israel. Israel continued to face

conflicts.

D. Christianity arose from Jewish ideas and spread to

become the religion of the Roman empire and later of billions of people.

2000s B.C. – A.D. 70

A.D. 30-312

A.D. 614-1900s

1922 – Present Day