S3 Listening Unit 2 Baroque Music. The word Baroque was first used to describe the highly Decorative...
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Transcript of S3 Listening Unit 2 Baroque Music. The word Baroque was first used to describe the highly Decorative...
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The word Baroque was first used to describe the highly Decorative and Grand style of Architecture and art of
the 17th Century
Musicians adopted the word using it to describe the
musical styles of the years 1600-1750
The system of ModesModes, which the tonalitytonality was based on in the
Medieval and Renaissance periods was disused and by the end of the 17th Century music was based on
Major Major and MinorMinor tonalitiesMany new musical structures were introduced and developed by
Baroque composers including......
Opera
Oratorio
Recitative
Aria
Suite
Concerto Grosso
Fugue
The were Many important composers in the baroque period.... The 2 most influential
were
Johann Sebastian Bach
•1685-1750
•Born Thuringia Germany
•Died Leipzig Germany
George Frederic Handel
•1685-1759
•Born Halle Saxony
•Died London England
Baroque Instrumental Music
The Baroque Orchestra The Baroque Orchestra ContainedContained
•A string Section
•1 or 2 Flutes (or recorders), Oboes and Bassoons
•1 or 2 Horns and occasionally trumpets (NO VALVES !!!)
•Timpani
•Organ or Harpsichord (Continuo)
The Violin family (Violin, Viola, Cello and Double bass) replaced the viols of the rennaisance period in the first half of the baroque period
The organ or harpsichord played a continuo or figured bass
The performer follows a Bass line with a series of figures (Figured bass) which tells the player which chords to improvise around
The key styles of instrumental composition in the baroque period were.............
Concerto Grosso
Suite
Fugue
Ground Bass
Concerto Grosso
Was one of the most important forms developed in the Baroque period
In concerto Grosso, a small group of
soloists called the Concertino contrast against the orchestra
RipienoThe most well known concerto Grosso are the Brandenburg concertos by J.S
Bach
Fugue
Composers moved away from the homophonic texture; where all
parts move together to polyphonic/contrapuntal writing,
where 2 or more parts move at different times from each otherThe fugue is the most important
type of Polyphonic writing in the Baroque period, and is based on
imitationThe fugue uses 3 or 4 parts which merge together and overlap using
imitation
Fugues were mostly written for Harpsichord or organ
Suite
The suite is a set of dances originating from the Renaissance period
Suites contain several contrasting
dances
Other than the Minuet, the dances are usually in Binary form
Courante
Allemande Sarabande
Gigue/Jig
•In compound time (6/8, 9/8.......)
•Very fast tempo
Minuet
•In ¾ simple time
•Ternary form
????
•Lively 2/4 or 4/4
•Begins with anacrusis
Bouree
Passepied
The 2 main types of Baroque vocal compositions are
Opera and Oratorio, These are similar but have some differences....Feature Opera Oratorio
4 Part Choir Yes Yes
Orchestra Yes Yes
Solo Voices Yes Yes
Sacred Story No Yes
Secular story Yes No
Costumes Yes No
Scenery Yes No
Acting Yes No
Opera would be performed in a concert Hall or Opera house
Oratorio would be performed in a church
The solo song in opera and Oratorio is called an Aria,
The Key features of and Aria are.......
Accompanied by orchestra
Usually in Ternary form
Known as Da Capo Arias
Syllabic:Syllabic: where each syllable of each word is given 1 musical note to be sung
Melismatic: Melismatic: where each syllable can be given more where each syllable can be given more than one note per syllablethan one note per syllable
Word Painting: Word Painting: Where the musical line reflects the words being sung
The choir in an Opera or Oratorio is called a Chorus
In an Oratorio there is a chorus known as a
Chorale...
A Chorale is another name for a Hymn tune
Chorales are also found outwith an Oratorio..... J.S Bach wrote many of these
The key features of a The key features of a ChoraleChorale are.. are..
•Sung in 4 part Harmony (SATB)
•Use of definate cadences
•Use of Passing notes
•Use of Suspensions
The key features of a The key features of a ChoraleChorale are.. are..
•Sung in 4 part Harmony (SATB)
•Use of definate cadences
•Use of Passing notes
•Use of Suspensions