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ROBERT’S RULES OF ORDER



SCOPE

HISTORY PRINCIPLES DEFINITION

DELIBERATIVE ASSEMBLIES

BOARD/COMMITTEE MEETINGS

MOTIONS

MAKING A MOTION

MEANS TO END DEBATE METHODS OF VOTING POINT OF ORDER



HISTORY

400-500 A.D. Early Anglo-Saxon tribes meet 1066 Great Councils began after Norman

Conquest

1258 "Parliament" was first used 1547-1623 Journal of the House of Commons 1801 Jefferson’s Manual of Parliamentary

Practice

1845 Cushing's Manual of Parliamentary Practice & Rules of Proceeding and Debates in Deliberative Assemblies



General Henry Martyn Robert Army Brigadier

General

Chief of EngineersWrote the manual

because of anembarrassing

performance runningchurch meeting



Principles Underlying Parliamentary Law

Justice tempered by courtesy must beafforded to all equally

Balance of rights

The majority to decide

The minority to be heard

Absentees to be protected



Deliberative Assembly

Determines courses of action

Group size demands formality

Members are free to actMembers present have equal weight

Members are free to disagree

Members present act as a wholeThe will of the majority, determined by vote,

is accepted as the decision of the assembly



Board/Committee

Derives power and authority from anotherbody by an instrument of law, such as bylaws

Does not function autonomouslyAn administrative, managerial or quasi-judicial

body of elected or appointed persons

Has the character of a deliberative assemblyNo minimum size



Meeting/Conference

A single official gathering of members

In one room (area)To transact business

No cessation of proceedings

Members do not separate, exceptfor a recess



General Outline of Conference

Call to OrderApproval of Minutes

from Previous

MeetingOfficers ReportsOld Business

(Anything unfinishedfrom previous

meeting)New BusinessAdjournment



Order of Business

1. Notice

2. Call to order

--Quorum

3. Order of business

--Agenda

4. Approval of minutes

5. Report of officers6. Report of standing

committees



Order of Business (cont.)

6. Report of standing committees

7. Report of special committees

8. Special orders

--Motions previously postponed9. Unfinished business and general orders

--Items interrupted by adjournment

--Motions to be taken from the table

--Motion to reconsider an earlier action

10. New business

11. Adjourn



Motions

A formal proposal by a member, in a meeting,that the assembly take certain actionMain Motions – Introduce items for

considerationSubsidiary Motions – change or affect how a

main motion is handled, voted before mainmotionPrivileged Motions – bring up urgent business Incidental Motions – provide means of

questioning procedure concerning other

motions



Basic Protocol to Make a Motion

Representative raises their hand to berecognized by presiding officer

Member then states ‘I move that we...’ The member may then briefly describe the motion

The motion must be seconded by anothermember of the council



Considering a Main Motion—

Debate Once the question is stated, the motion is

pending and open to debate

At this point, the motion belongs to theassembly

Maker of motion has the right to speak first

Chair assigns floor

Floor can be assigned to a member again afterall wishing to speak have done so

There may be a time limit



What If We Have Amendments To The

Motion On The Floor?

During discussion of the motion, a member mayintroduce a motion to amend the original motion

once they are recognized by the presiding officer – This is an example of a Subsidiary motion

The member states the amendment, which thenmust be seconded by another council member

If the amendment is seconded, discussion willbegin about the proposed amendment



Means to End DebateReferral to Committee

– Member makes motion to refer to committee whichmust be seconded and voted following any

discussionTabling a Motion

– Member makes motion to table the original matter

on the table which must be seconded and voted onimmediately

Removing a Motion from the Table

Motion to Postpone



Methods of Voting By voice

Those in favor say ‘aye’, those against say ‘no’

By Roll Call Poll all voting members

By General Consent When a motion is not likely to be opposed, presiding officer

says ‘If there is no objection...’ Council agrees if there isno objection

By Division Verification of voice vote, members raise their hand or

stand

By Ballot Members write vote on slip of paper, normally done during

voting for officers



Point Of Order ‘It is the right of every member who notices a breach of

the rules to insist on their enforcement. If the chairnotices a breach, he/she corrects the matterimmediate; but if he/she fails to do so – throughoversight or otherwise – any member can make the

appropriate point of order’ – Roberts, Chapter VIII



Point Of Order

‘In ordinary meetings it is undesirable to raise points of order on minor irregularities of a purely technicalcharacter; if it is clear that no one’s rights are beinginfringed upon and no real harm is being done to the

proper transaction of business’



Questions?



SUMMARY HISTORY PRINCIPLES DEFINITION

DELIBERATIVE ASSEMBLIES BOARD/COMMITTEE MEETINGS MOTIONS

MAKING A MOTION MEANS TO END DEBATE

METHODS OF VOTING POINT OF ORDER

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