Leadership, Institutions, Systems & Social Responsibility key to Good Governance and Good Governance, key to curbing

corruptionPresentation to the WORKSHOP “review OF ANTI-

CORRUPTION STRATEGY: PARTNERSHIP & OWNERSHIP”

20-21 AUGUST 2007

ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION

Landlocked Himalayan kingdom, Landlocked Himalayan kingdom, between China & Indiabetween China & India

Land area, 38,394 sq.km (72% forest Land area, 38,394 sq.km (72% forest cover)cover)

Population (2005) - 552,996Population (2005) - 552,996

Predominantly Buddhist & an Predominantly Buddhist & an agrarian society with 79% rural agrarian society with 79% rural population population

Never colonizedNever colonized

Ending self-imposed isolation with start of development Ending self-imposed isolation with start of development plans in early 1960s; steady administrative & political plans in early 1960s; steady administrative & political evolution from 1950s to Parliamentary Democracy in evolution from 1950s to Parliamentary Democracy in 20082008

Per capita GDP (2005) – US$ 1,321Per capita GDP (2005) – US$ 1,321

Life expectancy (2000) – 66 years (47.5 years in 1985)Life expectancy (2000) – 66 years (47.5 years in 1985)

Literacy rate (2005)– 59% (23% in 1985)Literacy rate (2005)– 59% (23% in 1985)

Primary health coverage – 90% (50% in 1985)Primary health coverage – 90% (50% in 1985)

National National Vision:Vision:

Harmonious, just, peaceful, prosperous and happy Harmonious, just, peaceful, prosperous and happy nationnation

Gross National Happiness- Development Gross National Happiness- Development Philosophy of BhutanPhilosophy of Bhutan

His Majesty the 4His Majesty the 4thth King, Jigme Singye Wangchuk - King, Jigme Singye Wangchuk -author.author.

An attempt to define peoples’ well being in more An attempt to define peoples’ well being in more holistic and psychological term than hard economics.holistic and psychological term than hard economics.

Attempt to quantify well being and happiness.Attempt to quantify well being and happiness. Middle path approach in which spiritual and material Middle path approach in which spiritual and material

pursuits are balanced.pursuits are balanced.

Four Pillars of Four Pillars of GNH:GNH:

1.1. Sustainable and equitable socio-economic developmentSustainable and equitable socio-economic development2.2. Conservation of environmentConservation of environment3.3. Preservation and promotion of culturePreservation and promotion of culture4.4. Promotion of Good GovernancePromotion of Good Governance

1.1. Sustainable and equitable socio-economic developmentSustainable and equitable socio-economic development2.2. Conservation of environmentConservation of environment3.3. Preservation and promotion of culturePreservation and promotion of culture4.4. Promotion of Good GovernancePromotion of Good Governance

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal

(17(17thth Century) Century)

““Although Bhutan had been once Although Bhutan had been once effectively brought under the effectively brought under the beneficent influence ofbeneficent influence of

strict law and justice, it strict law and justice, it subsequently, on account of subsequently, on account of general corruption and laxity on general corruption and laxity on thethe

part of those in authority, became part of those in authority, became slack in all branches. If this slack in all branches. If this should be allowed toshould be allowed to

continue, there would be no continue, there would be no distinction between right and distinction between right and wrong, no justice andwrong, no justice and

without justice human beings without justice human beings cannot have happiness and cannot have happiness and peace.”peace.”

RGOB’s ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICYRGOB’s ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY

GNH places people at the centre stage.GNH places people at the centre stage.

Democracy vests sovereign power in the people Democracy vests sovereign power in the people

1950s1950s Good governance has been the cornerstone of the Good governance has been the cornerstone of the

government’s development policies.government’s development policies.

Transparency, accountability, efficiency, Transparency, accountability, efficiency,

effectiveness & professionalism, hall marks of effectiveness & professionalism, hall marks of

good governance, are the much announced good governance, are the much announced

policies of the government;policies of the government;

Anti-corruption measures have been generally Anti-corruption measures have been generally addressed through the good governance policies. addressed through the good governance policies.

Chronology of events since 1950s (GG)Chronology of events since 1950s (GG)

1953 : Establishment of the National 1953 : Establishment of the National

Assembly (NA)Assembly (NA)

1959 : 1959 : Thrimshungchenmo Thrimshungchenmo passed by the passed by the

NANA

1961 : Establishment of an Accounts & 1961 : Establishment of an Accounts &

Audit CommitteeAudit Committee

(16th NA) (16th NA)

1963 : Establishment of the Royal Advisory 1963 : Establishment of the Royal Advisory

CouncilCouncil

1968 : Establishment of the Cabinet1968 : Establishment of the Cabinet

1968 : Judiciary separated from the 1968 : Judiciary separated from the

executive with theexecutive with the

establishment of High Courtestablishment of High Court

1969 : Establishment of district courts1969 : Establishment of district courts

CONTD…CONTD… 1970 : Four Royal Auditors appointed by His 1970 : Four Royal Auditors appointed by His Majesty (31st NA session)Majesty (31st NA session)

1970 : Establishment of an independent 1970 : Establishment of an independent Royal CourtRoyal Court

of Vigilanceof Vigilance

1970 : Promulgation of Gross National 1970 : Promulgation of Gross National

Happiness asHappiness as

Bhutan’s development philosophyBhutan’s development philosophy

1981: Establishment of Dzongkhag Yargay 1981: Establishment of Dzongkhag Yargay

Tshogchung (DYT)Tshogchung (DYT)

1984 : Royal Advisory Council revitalized for 1984 : Royal Advisory Council revitalized for

greatergreater

effectivenesseffectiveness

Contd…Contd… 1985 : Royal Audit Department restructured 1985 : Royal Audit Department restructured as anas an autonomous body & renamed Royal Audit autonomous body & renamed Royal Audit AuthorityAuthority

1991: Establishment of Geog Yargay Tshogchung (GYT)1991: Establishment of Geog Yargay Tshogchung (GYT)

19981998:: Devolution of executive power to the elected Devolution of executive power to the elected council of Ministerscouncil of Ministers

1999:Good Governance Initiative (enhancement of 1999:Good Governance Initiative (enhancement of efficiency, transparency, & accountability) launched.efficiency, transparency, & accountability) launched.

1999: Royal consent to the silver jubilee celebration of 1999: Royal consent to the silver jubilee celebration of HM’s enthronement granted only on condition that the HM’s enthronement granted only on condition that the occasion amongst others enhanced greater public awarenessoccasion amongst others enhanced greater public awareness of ill effects of corruption before it became deep rooted.of ill effects of corruption before it became deep rooted.

CONTD…CONTD…

2000: Establishment of Department of Legal Affairs (now 2000: Establishment of Department of Legal Affairs (now

OAG)OAG)

2000: Establishment of Internal Audit Units in the ministries2000: Establishment of Internal Audit Units in the ministries

2004: Establishment of Public Accounts Committee of NA2004: Establishment of Public Accounts Committee of NA

2004: Bhutan signed UN Convention Against Corruption2004: Bhutan signed UN Convention Against Corruption

2005: GG+ launched; corruption featured as a discrete2005: GG+ launched; corruption featured as a discrete

national agendanational agenda

2005: Royal Decree issued to establish an ACC2005: Royal Decree issued to establish an ACC

2006: ACC established2006: ACC established

2006: Audit & ACC Acts passed by 85th NA session2006: Audit & ACC Acts passed by 85th NA session

2006: Establishment of 2 private newspapers2006: Establishment of 2 private newspapers

RBOB POLICY: 9TH PLAN (CHAPTER 5 )RBOB POLICY: 9TH PLAN (CHAPTER 5 ) Process & rules driven management paradigm with an Process & rules driven management paradigm with an

emphasis on hierarchical decision-making & control will emphasis on hierarchical decision-making & control will have to give way to a decentralized result oriented system have to give way to a decentralized result oriented system based principles that centre of entrepreneurial dynamism based principles that centre of entrepreneurial dynamism & competition. & competition.

Well defined services & better coordination of the range Well defined services & better coordination of the range of services through one-stop counter wherever possible of services through one-stop counter wherever possible will be explored.. make services provision more will be explored.. make services provision more accountable to customers.accountable to customers.

Central importance of building new leadership not only for Central importance of building new leadership not only for service organizations but the overall governance will be a service organizations but the overall governance will be a priority in the 9th Planpriority in the 9th Plan

Public service that is characterized by responsiveness & Public service that is characterized by responsiveness & public accountabilitypublic accountability

Public accountability will form an integral component of Public accountability will form an integral component of performance management system. performance management system.

It will be the RGOB’s endeavour to promote governance It will be the RGOB’s endeavour to promote governance that is characterized by effective & a high level of trust & that is characterized by effective & a high level of trust & confidence from the people.confidence from the people.

HIGHLIGHTS OF GG+ (SOME ANTICORRUPTION MEASURES)HIGHLIGHTS OF GG+ (SOME ANTICORRUPTION MEASURES)

MoF to inventorize all government assets (# 72)MoF to inventorize all government assets (# 72)

MoIC to establish a high level body to coordinate MoIC to establish a high level body to coordinate e-governance (# 88)e-governance (# 88)

MoWHS (CDB) to work out systems to root out MoWHS (CDB) to work out systems to root out corruption in construction (# 98)corruption in construction (# 98)

Review the compulsory labour contribution (# 112)Review the compulsory labour contribution (# 112)

All agencies to strengthen & organize information All agencies to strengthen & organize information base & ensure accuracy of information (# 120)base & ensure accuracy of information (# 120)

Agencies/RCSC to institute training programs for Agencies/RCSC to institute training programs for frontline staff to promote customer relationship (# frontline staff to promote customer relationship (# 134)134)

Agencies/RCSC to publicize values & ethics (# 136)Agencies/RCSC to publicize values & ethics (# 136)

CONTD…CONTD…

Agencies & MoF to strengthen IAUs and identify as the focal person Agencies & MoF to strengthen IAUs and identify as the focal person in creating an anti-corruption coalition (# 193)in creating an anti-corruption coalition (# 193)

Agencies to develop specific action plan to address the risks of Agencies to develop specific action plan to address the risks of corrupt practices including proper M&E system (# 195 & 196)corrupt practices including proper M&E system (# 195 & 196)

Agencies/RCSC to institute systems of taking prompt and severe Agencies/RCSC to institute systems of taking prompt and severe action on corrupt practice (# 198)action on corrupt practice (# 198)

Leaders should be role models, should ensure that their actions more Leaders should be role models, should ensure that their actions more than comply with the organization and societal code of conduct & than comply with the organization and societal code of conduct & ethics and strive to be accountable & objective, examining their ethics and strive to be accountable & objective, examining their decisions for consistency, compliance, etc. (# 202 & 203)decisions for consistency, compliance, etc. (# 202 & 203)

Agencies to develop ways to ensure accessibility to laws, forms and Agencies to develop ways to ensure accessibility to laws, forms and information (# 215)information (# 215)

A government wide procurement system should be developed and A government wide procurement system should be developed and implemented throughout government agencies (# 216)implemented throughout government agencies (# 216)

Anti-Corruption Commission-Anti-Corruption Commission- Established on 4Established on 4thth January January 2006 through a Royal Decree & as per the draft 2006 through a Royal Decree & as per the draft Constitution Constitution

““With the rapid pace of economic development in our country there have been changes in the thinking of the people with the influence of self-interest leading to corrupt practices taking place in both the government and the private sector. If appropriate steps are not taken now to stop this trend, it will lead to very serious problems in the future, for both the government and the people, in our country with a very small population. In this regard, it is the responsibility of every Bhutanese to act against corruption in our country.

At a time when we are establishing parliamentary democracy in the country, it is very important to curb and root out corruption from the very beginning. Therefore, it is imperative to establish the Office of the Anti-Corruption Commission before the adoption of the Constitution and build a strong foundation for the Commission to effectively carry out its functions and responsibilities.

The Chairperson of the Anti-Corruption Commission is authorized to carry out investigations on any person in Bhutan, regardless of status or position, in the course of discharging her important responsibilities.”

….. Druk Gyalpo the 4th King Jigme Singye Wangchuk on 31st December, 2005

Anti-Corruption Anti-Corruption CommissionCommission

Vision To be the conscience of the nation.

Mission

To build an in-corruptible society that upholds the values of Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech,Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Reflection.

Core Values

Leadership, teamwork, public trust & confidence, integrity, loyalty, humility, fearlessness, commitment, impartiality, professionalism, expediency, creativity, tenacity of purpose and result-driven.

Structure

ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION

Status of ACC:Status of ACC:

A.A. Independence:Independence: Legal Independence: By law ACC is Legal Independence: By law ACC is

an an independent organization independent organization

established with established with the provisions of the constitution the provisions of the constitution

(Chapter 2, Clause 3 of AC ACT 2006)(Chapter 2, Clause 3 of AC ACT 2006)

Financial Independence: ACC’s Financial Independence: ACC’s budget isbudget is

approved by the parliament as a approved by the parliament as a part of part of

annual national budget annual national budget (Chapter 2 , (Chapter 2 , Clause 8 of AC ACT 2006)Clause 8 of AC ACT 2006)

Operational Independence: ACC Operational Independence: ACC enjoys organizational and enjoys organizational and functional independence including functional independence including programming, investigation and programming, investigation and reporting reporting (Chapter 2 , Clause 5 of AC (Chapter 2 , Clause 5 of AC ACT 2006)ACT 2006)

Administrative independence: ACC Administrative independence: ACC has authority to determine and has authority to determine and administer its organizational administer its organizational structure, budgetary andstructure, budgetary and

personnel requirement personnel requirement (Chapter 2 , (Chapter 2 , Clause 6 of AC ACT 2006)Clause 6 of AC ACT 2006)

B.B. Accountability:Accountability:

Stringent code of conduct and ethics Stringent code of conduct and ethics governs the governs the

performance of the commission and its performance of the commission and its staff. staff.

Violation of the code by the Chair person Violation of the code by the Chair person will be ground for impeachmentwill be ground for impeachment

AC Act requires the Commission to AC Act requires the Commission to submit an annualsubmit an annual

report to the His Majesty, Prime report to the His Majesty, Prime Minister and theMinister and the

parliament.parliament.

Assets declarationAssets declaration

Annual Auditing by the RAA.Annual Auditing by the RAA.

Core Code of Conduct

• Maintain the highest standard of integrity, honesty, selflessness and

fairness.

• Act in accordance with law.

• Conduct duties without fear or favor, prejudice or ill will, avoiding all forms

of discriminations.

• Display professional excellence.

• Maintain highest degree of confidentiality.

• Exercise courtesy and restraint in words and action.

• Declare all conflicts of interests.

• Take no undue advantage of one’s authority and position.

• Be accountable for one’s actions and instructions.

• Receive no gift or favor.

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTUREORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

ACC has to be a strong, credible and a dynamic ACC has to be a strong, credible and a dynamic institution that enjoys public trust and confidence.institution that enjoys public trust and confidence.

ACC’s first priority has been to establish a strong ACC’s first priority has been to establish a strong institution with a cadre of high caliber professionals institution with a cadre of high caliber professionals with high standards of integrity, right organizational with high standards of integrity, right organizational ethos and dynamic systems of operation through ethos and dynamic systems of operation through promotion of spirit of mutual co-operation and promotion of spirit of mutual co-operation and confidence between agencies and the ACC; public and confidence between agencies and the ACC; public and the ACC. the ACC.

ACC draws its ethos from the spirit of the Royal ACC draws its ethos from the spirit of the Royal Decree.Decree.

Act Applicationpublic

entity

corporation

person

NGOs

foundation

trust

charity

civil

society

ACC’S ACT - Anti-Corruption Act passed by National Anti-Corruption Act passed by National Assembly in July 2006Assembly in July 2006

ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICYANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY GUIDELINESGUIDELINES

Anti-corruption policy must address the needs and expectations of all strata of society, particularly the helpless poor and the socially disadvantaged, who are the ultimate victims of corruption.

It calls for a multi-frontal action involving citizens, public and private agencies, media, NGOs and civil societies. Good governance, service delivery and anti-corruption measures are mutually reinforcing and engage everyone in a partnership role

The policy also has to pay special attention to prosecution and the judiciary.

Investigation no matter, how effective, is pointless if it does not result in effective prosecution and adjudication. A strong and credible judiciary makes a strong ACC.

National Anti-Corruption Strategy- National anticorruption strategy & an action plan provide a platform for concerted anti-corruption efforts an optimization of limited resources.

NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY

Strategy 1: Public education & AdvocacyStrategy 1: Public education & Advocacy Public education and advocacy is a Public education and advocacy is a continuous process. continuous process.

rr

““Fighting Fighting corruptioncorruption is a SHARED is a SHARED responsibility.”responsibility.”

ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…)ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…)

Strategy 1: Public education & Advocacy (Contd…)Strategy 1: Public education & Advocacy (Contd…)

““Laws and rules cannot govern every aspects of persons Laws and rules cannot govern every aspects of persons life. Therefore, the role of the individual is far more life. Therefore, the role of the individual is far more

important in deciding whether Bhutan will be a country important in deciding whether Bhutan will be a country that embraces the values of integrity and honesty or that embraces the values of integrity and honesty or one that accepts corruption and dishonesty. It is not one that accepts corruption and dishonesty. It is not

enough to be honest –there is no subsitute to living by enough to be honest –there is no subsitute to living by a simple rule, I will not be corrupt and I will not a simple rule, I will not be corrupt and I will not

tolerate corruption in others.”tolerate corruption in others.”- - 5th king5th king

Contd…Contd…

An informed and vigilant citizenry and public servants. An informed and vigilant citizenry and public servants.

Curbing corruption is about changing attitude, changing negative habits Curbing corruption is about changing attitude, changing negative habits and behavior – the most sustainable anti-corruption strategy.and behavior – the most sustainable anti-corruption strategy.

A public culture that does not accept corruption as a way of life has to be A public culture that does not accept corruption as a way of life has to be cultivated through sensitization and public awareness on various forms of cultivated through sensitization and public awareness on various forms of corruption, grave consequences of inaction and importantly citizens’ role corruption, grave consequences of inaction and importantly citizens’ role in fighting corruption.in fighting corruption.

Medium - Media, youth, local leaders, monastic body, etc.Medium - Media, youth, local leaders, monastic body, etc.

STRATEGY (CONTD…)STRATEGY (CONTD…)

Strategy 2: PreventionStrategy 2: Prevention

A. Systems Review :A. Systems Review : Reducing red tape & over regulation, improving service Reducing red tape & over regulation, improving service

standards & public grievance re-dressals, local governance, standards & public grievance re-dressals, local governance, conflicts of interests, application of ICT, coordination, etc.conflicts of interests, application of ICT, coordination, etc.

B. Asset Declaration:B. Asset Declaration: Disclosure of income, assets and liabilities by public servants. Disclosure of income, assets and liabilities by public servants.

In-house capacity development of the Asset Administrator in In-house capacity development of the Asset Administrator in

the agencies and the OACC.the agencies and the OACC.

C. Corruption Perception SurveyC. Corruption Perception Survey

ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…)(CONTD…)Strategy 3: Partnership:Strategy 3: Partnership:

ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…)ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…) Buidling a network of anti-corruption championsBuidling a network of anti-corruption champions

International partners- CBI, ADB-OECD, CPIB, MACA, International partners- CBI, ADB-OECD, CPIB, MACA, UNDP, DANIDA, SDC & Dutch.UNDP, DANIDA, SDC & Dutch.

KICAC.KICAC.

Training, seminar, Training, seminar, workshop, study tours, etc workshop, study tours, etc both In-country and both In-country and Ex-countryEx-country

Strategy 4: Capacity Development of ACC & Allies:

ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…)ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY (CONTD…)

Strategy 5: Investigation:Strategy 5: Investigation:

Enforce AC Act stringently through timely and result-Enforce AC Act stringently through timely and result-oriented investigation;oriented investigation;

Investigation to target:Investigation to target:

corruption prone areas, corruption prone areas,

significant few rather than trivial many, high impact significant few rather than trivial many, high impact approach focusing on large-scale entrenched corruption approach focusing on large-scale entrenched corruption ((however, this may be tempered by the nature of however, this may be tempered by the nature of complaintscomplaints); &); &

service delivery that adversely affects the common service delivery that adversely affects the common people due to corruption; people due to corruption;

COMPLAINTSCOMPLAINTSGuiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles

Besides the Code of Conduct, the following broad principles govern the OACC in Besides the Code of Conduct, the following broad principles govern the OACC in

managing the complaintsmanaging the complaints::

Value every complaint;Value every complaint;

Members of the Complaints Management Committee (CMC), investigation team and Members of the Complaints Management Committee (CMC), investigation team and

complaint registrar should announce any conflict of interest before registration/review complaint registrar should announce any conflict of interest before registration/review

of complaints and enquiry or investigation of a case;of complaints and enquiry or investigation of a case;

Respond promptly to walk-in complainants;Respond promptly to walk-in complainants;

Conduct discreet enquiries of all pursuable complaints before investigation;Conduct discreet enquiries of all pursuable complaints before investigation;

No time limitation on complaints that bear national and public interest;No time limitation on complaints that bear national and public interest;

Uniform application of law;Uniform application of law;

Speedy action;Speedy action;

Highlight any systemic flaws during review of complaints and investigation; andHighlight any systemic flaws during review of complaints and investigation; and

Conform to the operational manual.Conform to the operational manual.

(any complaint against anybody in ACC, immediate action; setting the example)(any complaint against anybody in ACC, immediate action; setting the example)

Diagrammatic procedure for lodging a complaintDiagrammatic procedure for lodging a complaint

ACC

Wal

k-I

nForum & email

Phone-in

Post (mail)

Orally

Complaints related to corruption registered by a Complaint RegistrarComplaints related to corruption registered by a Complaint Registrar

Complaints management committee reviews complaints every weekComplaints management committee reviews complaints every week

Commission apprised on a monthly basis (recent amendment).Commission apprised on a monthly basis (recent amendment).

Complaints are reviewed based on pursuability factor. Complaints are reviewed based on pursuability factor.

Some complaints are consolidated and shared with agencies Some complaints are consolidated and shared with agencies

Some are pursued through the RAASome are pursued through the RAA

Importantly, the reviews also highlight system weaknesses, which the Importantly, the reviews also highlight system weaknesses, which the office shares with agencies and follows up on important issuesoffice shares with agencies and follows up on important issues

COMPLAINTS MANAGEMENTCOMPLAINTS MANAGEMENT

CHALLENGES

Nature of the work itself;Nature of the work itself;

Changing the culture of tolerance, attitude & behavior;Changing the culture of tolerance, attitude & behavior;

Operating in an environment of entrenched territorialism; Operating in an environment of entrenched territorialism;

Professional development & to perform against the Professional development & to perform against the backdrop of expectationsbackdrop of expectations

Cutting through social & power safety nets & small society Cutting through social & power safety nets & small society syndromesyndrome

Bringing on board all citizensBringing on board all citizens

Challenges (Contd…)

ACC as an infant and a new institution recognizes the potential risk of ACC as an infant and a new institution recognizes the potential risk of

its well-intentioned efforts of cooperation being misperceived as its well-intentioned efforts of cooperation being misperceived as

interference and undermining authority. interference and undermining authority.

ACC being blamed for the inherent inefficiency and attitude of public ACC being blamed for the inherent inefficiency and attitude of public

servants.servants.

Potential risk of complainants abusing it for his/her vested or Potential risk of complainants abusing it for his/her vested or

malicious intent or transferring the legal burden to the OACC with malicious intent or transferring the legal burden to the OACC with

convenient tones of corruption. convenient tones of corruption.

To sustain & to do better with regard to Bhutan’s Rank (32To sustain & to do better with regard to Bhutan’s Rank (32ndnd ) in the ) in the

TI’s Corruption Perception IndexTI’s Corruption Perception Index

Challenges (Contd…)

ACC can only be as effective as the government & the public want it to be.

OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES

5th Druk Gyalpo’s strong drive for excellence, meritocracy 5th Druk Gyalpo’s strong drive for excellence, meritocracy and honesty provides the national platform for concerted and honesty provides the national platform for concerted action. action.

Bhutan is a small Buddhist country with correspondingly Bhutan is a small Buddhist country with correspondingly small bureaucracy and private sector.small bureaucracy and private sector.

Corruption level still manageable.Corruption level still manageable.

Great reforms underway.Great reforms underway.

These offer great opportunities to all of us to make a difference These offer great opportunities to all of us to make a difference in our own small and simple ways. in our own small and simple ways.

Our Kings have set the tone of good Our Kings have set the tone of good governance. Our leaders mustgovernance. Our leaders must

lead by example. They have to ‘walk lead by example. They have to ‘walk the talk,’ otherwise, theythe talk,’ otherwise, they

lose the moral authority to lead.lose the moral authority to lead.

““You will not say that you You will not say that you love your country &love your country &

people; you will prove it in people; you will prove it in action & in your deeds & action & in your deeds & above all, you will not say above all, you will not say

that Bhutan is a great that Bhutan is a great country because we have country because we have the philosophy of GNH but the philosophy of GNH but you will show how it is put you will show how it is put

to use”… 5th Kingto use”… 5th King

THE TEST IS IN THE SINCERITY OF PURPOSE & THE TEST IS IN THE SINCERITY OF PURPOSE & ACTIONACTION

National prosperity hinges on quality of governance & governance on quality

leadership!!!“ Lead by Example”

CAN I MAKE A DIFFFERENC?

WHAT CAN I/WE DO?ARE WE SERIOUS

ABOUT FIGHTING CORRUPTION ?

IS ACC MAKING NOISE ABOUT

NOTHING?

WHAT CAN WE DO

TOGETHER?

Reflection

WHAT HAVE I/WE

DONE?

KADINCHE & TASHI – DE – KADINCHE & TASHI – DE – LEKLEK