Role of Civil Society

In Urban Planning and Development

Rajendra P Sharmarpsharma@mailcity.com

Framework for discussion

Mechanism to mainstream adaptation strategy to urban development planning process

Mechanism to mainstream adaptation strategy in urban governance structures and process.

Sub issues within development planning process:1. Land use planning

Sub issues within Urban governance structures and process:1. Human resources development1. Land use planning

2. Infrastructure planning 3. Financing 4. Planning for implementation5. Monitoring and evaluation

1. Human resources development2. Local government role/decentralization 3. Multilevel roles4. Coordination5.Transparency/accountability6. Civic engagement

� Market forces have greatly influenced the urban development planning.

� The Private sector may lead the infrastructure development, which mostly beyond the capability of the public sector alone.

Role of market

� The role of the public sector is to identify and maintain the public standards, while the role of the private sector is resource generation, investment and project implementation

� Development planning is relatively long-term process, and

� the implementation is a lengthy process and does not bring immediate benefit

� It is important to have effective urban governance

Role of Civil Society

� It is important to have effective urban governance

� The role of government and civil society is important particularly in on-site upgrading shelter, basic urban services etc

� NGOs can be key players in several important components of urban planning

� Information collection

� Research

Role of Civil society including NGOs

� Research

� Building awareness to create political wills

� Increasing community awareness

� Contributing to enhance resilience of most vulnerable poor population

� Collaborative action to develop and implementation of project to widen coverage and sustain impacts

� governments at different levels (central, state/province, district/local, etc) should be streamlined to clarify who would do what and how their actions to be harmonized.

� develop appropriate legislations, develop and implement development plans

Government roles

plans

� ensure the effective implementation coordinated way

� enhance the capacity of the implementing organizations

� Monitoring, evaluation, punishment and reward

Coordination

� Lack of coordination among many agencies and organizations has been detrimental

� need to improve the structure and processes of coordination and harmonization through a central coordinating mechanismharmonization through a central coordinating mechanism

� important for prompt decision making processes for quick responses

Levels of Participation & Power

ActiveParticipants

Increasing Participation

Supporters

Wait and See People

Non-Participants Decreasing Participation

Challenges for effective community participation

� Although government agencies (GOs), International funding bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) broadly appreciate the value of community participation, the principle of community participation is not evident in the ground.

� Political and social pressure� Political and social pressure

� Lack of effective communication and cultural awareness

� Gender imbalance in community participation

Challenges for effective community participation

� Although government agencies (GOs), International funding bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) broadly appreciate the value of community participation, the principle of community participation is not evident in the ground.

� Political and social pressure� Political and social pressure

� Lack of effective communication and cultural awareness

� Gender imbalance in community participation

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

• High cost

• Low capacity of CBOs and NGOs - the level of assistance has to be high at the project cycle

• impatience in communities for rapid development to address poverty issues • impatience in communities for rapid development to address poverty issues

• Multi-jurisdictional challenges with different statutes and policies and many political nuances

• Gender disparities in work and benefits

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

• Higher poverty rates among women and young people;

• Growing crime rates and the proliferation of an illegal drug culture;

• Low resilience economies (open; minimal diversification; significant dependence on remittances); and

• Low resilience economies (open; minimal diversification; significant dependence on remittances); and

• Great exposure to disasters.

FOUR MAIN DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

• Low capacity

• Level of Participation • Level of Participation

• Level of Community

• Lack of creative or smart partnerships

Levels of Participation & Power (???)

ActiveParticipants

Increasing Participation

Supporters

Wait and See People

Non-Participants Decreasing Participation

Participation

Community Participation, Community Participation, Engagement and Involvement

“Leadership and learning are indispensable from each other”

(John F Kennedy, prepared for delivery in Dallas, the day of his assassination, Nov, 1963)(John F Kennedy, prepared for delivery in Dallas, the day of his assassination, Nov, 1963)

‘It’s what you learn after you know it all, that counts.’

(John Wooden)(John Wooden)

There can be no keener revelation of a society’s soul, than the way it treats its children.’

(Nelson Mandela)

‘If you want to go faster, go alone. If you want to go further, go

together.’

(African Proverb)

Public Participation Spectrum

Increasing level of public impact

Move from Inform to Empower

Increasing level of public impact

Inform Consult Involve Collaborate Empower

‘Relationship building is the fundamental action of

Focus on relationship building

community building.’

(Libby Ozinga)

Thank You

Thank You