Sustainable Urban Form for India [Compatibility Mode]

8/22/2019 Sustainable Urban Form for India [Compatibility Mode]

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SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM FOR INDIA

Chetan Vaidya

and

Satmohini Isha Srivastava Ray

National Conference onSustainable CitiesSuratApril 4-5, 2011

Organized by

Surat Municipal Corporation


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Urban form is a strong determinant of the ecological footprintof a city. Compact and sprawling urban forms can directly

impact the citys environmental future.A sustainable form enables the city to function within itsnatural and man made carrying capacities- is user friendly

Sustainability and Urban Form

.

Sustainable development is the development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own needs.

Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report.


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Balancing Economic, Social, andEnvironment Needs/Issues

Efficient Equitable/Inclusive

Citizens Participation

Security

Principles of Sustainable Form

Urban Form:

Size and shape of cities

Density

Land use

Layout

Infrastructure provision

Source:UN HABITATs Global Campaign on Urban Governance, 2002

TransportInfra-

structure

Land Use Layout

Housing/

Building

Type

Density

Urban

Form

Building form


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It is intended to remake the city

SUSTAINABLE

SYDNEY 2030:The Vision Snapshot

global and connected.

Green-minimal environmental impact;Global-thriving economy and world-class

facilities and services;Connected-by integrated transport.


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Climate Change

Global Economic Competition

Transport Congestion

Decreasing Affordability

Sydney: Challenges

ers stant oc a sa vantage Need for Maintenance of Living

Standards

Replacing Aging Infrastructure Greater Accessibility and

Inclusiveness


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Sydney : Targets for 2030:A

Reduce GhG emissions by

50% 100% of electricity demand by

local generation and 10% water

Additional housing diversity oftypes- social housing andaffordable housing

97,000 additional jobs includingfinance, business services,education


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Increased use of public transport

Atleast 10% of trips will be made by bicycle and50% pedestrian

Ever resident will be 10 minutes from social

Sydney : Targets for 2030:B

facilities Every resident within 3 minutes of continuous

green spaces

Increased level of community cohesion andsocial initiatives


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Light Rail in Martin Place: Sydney

City iscommitted to

sustainable, effective andaffordable

transport options

Quality transport is a major driver towards

sustainability.

congestion andeasily connect a

growing

number ofresidents.


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Barcelona

become a global reference model for sustainable

urban development and the economic engine forSouthern Europe.

Barcelona2020 vision:


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Barcelona


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Urban Form Components

URBAN SIZE

SHAPE

DENSITY AND COMPACTNESS

MORPHOLOGICAL

PARTS OF URBAN

AREA

MIXED USE

URBAN BLOCK LAYOUT AND SIZE

HOUSING TYPE

OPEN GREEN SPACE DISTRIBUTION


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Density helps in controlling environmental damage :

Reducing land use and protecting productive farm lands and forests. Clustering of infrastructure, civic amenities and public transportation

Supports walkability and cycling


Creating more of valuable public open space

Hence higher densities within urban settlements reduces

the cost per household for provision of infrastructure,thus providing opportunity for improved sustainability.Density can be tapered off as one goes away from this

node.


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Mixed use development encourages mixedincome agglomeration and concentration ofactivities, promote clustering of infrastructure

and transportation.



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FSI (Floor space index)which defines the ratio of

buildable floor space indexto plot area, permits anincrease in no. of floors andhence hi her densit


Concept of Public GroundArea- the concept of publicarea outside the house for

advantages of claimingownership and sufficientplot sizes and hence higher

densities


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Developing energy efficient building norms.

Increasing public transport use.

Improved urban planning which includes

preparing integrated land use and transportation

National Sustainable Habitat Mission

.

Promoting sustainable waste management

focusing on reduce-recycle-reuse and waste-to-

energy options.

Shift towards waste water reuse and recycling

wherever possible.

NSHM was approved by the Government in June

2010.


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Sustainable Urban Form forIndian Cities

Aim :

The study aims at achieving sustainabledevelo ment in ra idl rowin cities in

Research Study

India.

Lead Partners:

NIUA in association with Centre for

Environmental Planning and Technology(CEPT) University Ahmedabad, School ofPlanning and Architecture (SPA), Delhi andand Oxford Brookes University (OBU) UK.


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Objectives

Investigate how urban form performs interms of sustainability with special

reference to India

Identify gaps in knowledge relating tosustainable urban form, in Indian cities

Identify gaps in policy and practicerelating to sustainable urban form inIndian cities

Examine how policy is interpreted andimplemented at the local level

Prepare a strategy/ roadmap identifying action points

for stakeholders to attain sustainable city form


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Case Study - Faridabad

Location: 32 KM south of DelhiArea: 207 Sq KMNo of wards: 26Economic Base: Industrial

Population: 10.56 lacs (2010)

It is an industrial hub whose growth

has primarily been in the post-

independence era as a resettlement

city.

It followed the full land acquisition

model of land development.

Four case study areas are being

studied in this city.


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Case Study - Rajkot

Location: 32 KM west of AhmedabadArea: 104 Sq KMNo of wards: 23

Economic Base: Trade and Industry(Mixed)Population: 10.02 lacs (2010)

boundary have been selected.The criteria behind the selectionwas the variation indensity, location from the center

of the city and the year ofimplementation.

Detailed physical form surveyto understand quality of life andlinkages to urban form.


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Recommendations

Sustainable urban growth requires a homogeneous

approach to physical (Master Planning approach) andinvestment planning (City Development Planapproach).

A balanced mix of land use (horizontal and vertical)

contributes significantly towards ensuring sustainable citygrowth.

Enable medium to higher densities (with appropriateinfrastructure)

Public transport must be integrated into urbandesign/planning systems rather than being designedseparately.

Pedestrian focused neighborhood with public spaces

and linked to public transport


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Peer Experience And Reflective Learning

(PEARL)JnNURM

To create manageable networks between JNNURM 65cities for cross learning and sharing knowledge on

projects, urban reforms and city governance


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Activities

PEARL website (www.indiaurbanportal.in)

Documentation of best ractices

Newsletter PEARL Update

Helpdesk at ASCI

Special group for North East

National and Groups Workshops


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Sustainable Urban Form for India [Compatibility Mode]

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