Rocks 8 th grade Earth Science. Classifying Rocks ________________ – rocks are made of mixtures of...
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Transcript of Rocks 8 th grade Earth Science. Classifying Rocks ________________ – rocks are made of mixtures of...
Rocks
8th grade Earth Science
Classifying Rocks
________________ – rocks are made of mixtures of minerals and other materials. Some contain a single mineral. Others contain several minerals.
_________ – color provides clues to the rock’s mineral composition.
(Ex: granite = light basalt = dark) _________- the look and feel of the rock’s surface.
They use shape, size and pattern. __________ – how the rock is formed.
3 Types of Rocks
There are 3 major groups of rocks:
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
Igneous Rocks
The name igneous comes from a Latin word meaning “________”.
Igneous rocks can be either __________ or ____________ rock.
_____________ – formed from lava that erupted onto the Earth’s surface.
Basalt is the most common extrusive rock. ____________– formed from magma that hardens
beneath the Earth’s surface. ____________ is the most common intrusive rock.
Igneous Rocks
Obsidian
extrusive
Granite
intrusive
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes:
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
Sedimentary Rocks
_________ – water, wind or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock.
__________ – sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
___________ – process that presses the sediments together.
____________ – dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together.
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
There are 3 major groups of sedimentary rocks:
_________ – forms when rock fragments are squeezed together.
_________ – remains of plants or animals are deposited in thick layers.
_________– when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize.
Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic
sandstone
Organic
coal
Chemical
limestone
Metamorphic Rocks
________ and ___________ deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock.
Geologists classify metamorphic rocks according to the arrangement of the ___________ that make up the rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks
There are 2 classifications for metamorphic rocks:
___________ – have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
___________ – mineral grains are arranged randomly. They do not split into layers.
Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated
gneiss
Nonfoliated
quartzite
The Rock Cycle
The rock cycle is the series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.