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![Page 1: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RNA, DNA, & ProteinsChapter 9 & 10.1 Review
![Page 2: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication
DNA polymerase
Another name for protein synthesis
translation
Sugar used to make DNA
dexoyribose
![Page 3: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Process of making a DNA copy
replication
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such ascytosine and thymine
pyrimidine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus
eukaryote
![Page 4: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
Three sequential nucleotides in anmRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid
codon
Organism without a nucleusprokaryote
![Page 5: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine
Purine
Subunit composed of a sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group used to make DNA and RNA
nucleotide
Principle that hydrogen bonds can only form between certain nitrogen bases
Base pairing
![Page 6: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
![Page 7: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Process of making proteins from an RNA message
Translation (protein synthesis)
![Page 8: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
A = T
G = C
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
![Page 9: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Type of RNA that carries DNA codefrom the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
gene
Region of DNA where RNA polymerasebinds to start transcription
promoter
![Page 10: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bonds between nitrogen bases that hold the 2 DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds
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Type of RNA that matches itsanticodon and attaches the correctamino acid to the growing proteinchain during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Structures found in the cytoplasmmade of rRNA and proteins where protein synthesis happens
Ribosomes
![Page 12: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Sugar found in RNA molecules
ribose
![Page 13: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates the strands, and assembles nucleotide subunits into an RNA molecule
RNA polymerase
![Page 14: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
Another name for a protein chain
polypeptide
![Page 15: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Macromolecule made by joining aminoacid subunits together
protein
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
Name the woman scientist whose X-rayimages of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick figure out the structureof DNA
ROSALYN FRANKLIN
![Page 17: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA
DNA RNADouble stranded Single strandedDeoxyribose sugar Ribose sugarA,T,C,G A,U,C,GNo Uracil No thymineContains genetic code Carries code from Stays in nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm
Helps with protein synthesis
![Page 18: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Making a DNA copy = _____________
Using DNA code to
make an RNA = ___________________
Using an RNA messageto make a protein = _______________
replication
translation
transcription
![Page 19: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
Name the two scientists received theNobel prize for figuring out the structure of DNA
JAMES WATSON &FRANCIS CRICK
![Page 20: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DNA → DNA = _____________
DNA → RNA = ___________________
RNA → protein = _______________
replication
translation
transcription
![Page 21: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Name this subunit used to buildnucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make RNA whatsugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
ribose
THYMINE
![Page 22: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Name this subunit used to buildnucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make DNA whatsugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
deoxyribose
URACIL
![Page 23: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tell what nitrogen base these letters stand for
_____________= A
_____________ = G
_____________ = C
______________ = T
______________ = U
ADENINEGUANINECYTOSINETHYMINEURACIL
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Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg
Which molecules make up the backbone (sides of ladder)in a DNA molecule?
Sugar and phosphates
![Page 25: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Purines
A
G
Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are called ______________
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
![Page 26: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pyrimidines
C
T
Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are called ______________
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
![Page 27: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hydrogen
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
_____________ bondsbetween nitrogen bases hold the two strands together.
![Page 28: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Growth
Growth
Replication fork
DNA polymerase
New strand
Original strand DNA
polymerase
Nitrogenous bases
Replication fork
Original strand
New strand
The sites where strand separation and replication occur are called _____________replication forks
![Page 29: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
_________________RNA Combines with proteins to form
ribosomes
_________________RNA Matches m-RNA codon to add correctamino acids during protein synthesis
_________________RNA carries code from DNA to ribosomes
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reservedmRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
RIBOSOMAL
TRANSFER
MESSENGER
![Page 30: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Use the mRNA codon wheel to determine the amino acid being coded for:
C C A =___________
C G U = __________
U U C = __________
G C A = __________
U A G = __________
proline
arginine
phenylalanine
STOP
alanine
![Page 31: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
_________________RNA
_________________RNA
_________________RNA
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reservedmRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
RIBOSOMAL
TRANSFER
MESSENGER
![Page 32: RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e265503460f94b1552d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
A= _________
B= _________
C= _________
D= ___________
F= _____________
G = __________________
Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
NUCLEUS
m-RNAamino acid
ribosome
t-RNA
codon
Amino acid