GENE EXPRESSION. Transcription 1. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA 2. RNA polymerase adds RNA...
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Transcript of GENE EXPRESSION. Transcription 1. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA 2. RNA polymerase adds RNA...
GENEEXPRESSION
Transcription1. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA
2. RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides
(A ↔ U, G ↔ C)
3. mRNA is formed! DNA reforms a double helix
Transcription recap…
• RNA polymerase makes RNA using DNA sequence
• RNA leaves the nucleus for the cytoplasm
Translation
• Ribosomes translate mRNA into an amino acid sequence
• Amino acids form proteins
To a ribosome!
CodonsCodons = 3 nucleotides in a row
Ribosome recognizes a codon on mRNA and matches to the aniticodon on tRNA
A C G
anticodon
amino acid
tRNATransfer RNA transfers amino acids from the
cytoplasm to a ribosome
Anticodon = 3 nucleotides on one end of a tRNA
Anticodons base pair with complementary bases on mRNA
A C G
anticodon
amino acid
CodonsCodon triplets code for 1 of 20 amino acids
1 “start” codon 3 “stop” codonsCodons
Steps of Translation
1. mRNA attaches to ribosome
mRNA
Steps of Translation
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
mRNA
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
2. tRNAs add amino acids based on how anticodons match to mRNA
Steps of Translation
3. Protein is released from ribosomes!
Protein chain
Stop codon
Steps of Translation
Protein chain
3. Protein is released from ribosomes!
SummaryDNA
RNA
PROTEIN
(Transcription)
(Translation)
Practice1.DNA sequence: AAC TGA CTG ATT GCA TGC• What is the complementary DNA sequence?• What is the complementary RNA sequence?
2.DNA sequence: TAG CAT TGG GCA TCA CGA• What is the complementary DNA sequence?• What is the complementary RNA sequence?
TTG ACT GAC TAA CGT ACG
UUG ACU GAC UAA CGU ACG
ATC GTA ACC CGT AGT GCT
AUC GUA ACC CGU AGU GCU
Determine the amino acids for this strand of mRNA:AUG GCA AGU UCU UGA
Practice
Met – Ala – Ser – Ser – STOP
Determine the amino acids for this strand of mRNA:UGU AGA GAU CUC UAA
Practice
Cys – Arg – Asp – Leu – STOP