RISK APPRAISAL OF ALZHEIMER’S CAREGIVERS: THE Poster...
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Poster Title Authors: Institutions type here: POSTER NO. POSTER NO. P2 P2-061 061 RISK APPRAISAL OF ALZHEIMER RISK APPRAISAL OF ALZHEIMER’ S CAREGIVERS: THE S CAREGIVERS: THE DEPRESSION CONNECTION DEPRESSION CONNECTION Zelde Zelde Espinel Espinel MD MA MPH, MD MA MPH, 1 Elizabeth A. Elizabeth A. Crocco Crocco MD, MD, 1 Janice Rios MD, Janice Rios MD, 1 Ivan Escobar, Ivan Escobar, 2 Jehan Jehan Helmi Helmi MD, MD, 1 David David Loewenstein Loewenstein PHD PHD 1 1: University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic (UM 1: University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic (UM-MDC), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universi MDC), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; 2: Univers ty of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; 2: Universidad idad del Valle, Cali, Colombia del Valle, Cali, Colombia The UM The UM-MDC is partly supported by the State of Florida Department of El MDC is partly supported by the State of Florida Department of Elder Affairs ( der Affairs (XZ203), Alzheimer Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (ADI) s Disease Initiative (ADI) Introduction. The role of caregivers for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is life-changing and frequently associated with a negative impact on caregiver physical and psychological health, including symptoms of clinical depression. 1-5 Given the intensity and chronicity of demands placed on the caregiver, some ADRD patients may be neglected, left unsupervised and at risk of harm, or abused by caregivers. 2 This study examines caregiver symptom levels of depression in relation to 1) perceived stress and strain, 2) temptation to abuse, and 3) neglect of care receiver safety. Methods. Surveys were conducted with 77 caregivers of ADRD patients evaluated at the University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic in Miami, Florida. Caregivers completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess symptoms of depression and a risk appraisal instrument describing care recipient characteristics. Three risk appraisal items assessed caregiver stress and strain (Figure 1), 2 items measured temptation to abuse (Figure 2), and 2 items examined neglect of care recipient safety (Figure 3). CES-D depression symptoms were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abuse, 2) neglect of care recipient safety, and 3) caregiver stress and strain (Table 2). Caregiver stress and strain were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abuse and 2) neglect of care recipient safety (Table 2). Results. The rate of caregiver depression, assessed by CES-D > 16, was found to be 34% in our study sample. Caregiver depression and caregiver stress and strain were positively correlated (r= 0.42; p<.001). Both caregiver depression and caregiver stress and strain independently predicted temptation to abuse (r= 0.39; p < .001 and r=0.47; p < .001) but were not related to neglect of care recipient safety. Discussion. In the United States, 15 million adults are providing care for a person with ADRD. 1 Caregiving for Alzheimer’s patients becomes increasingly burdensome with time. 4,5 As Alzheimer’s symptoms progress, caregiving tasks become more frequent, time consuming, and physically demanding. 2 Cognitive deterioration, often accompanied by lack of recognition of caregiver identity, compounded by verbal and physical aggression, intensifies caregiver stress. 1,5 Not surprisingly, caregivers frequently develop symptoms of depression and experience stress and strain. 1,4,5 In this study, caregiver depression symptoms and caregiver stress and strain were strongly associated and these two measures were positively associated with elevated risk for temptation to abuse as measured by caregiver self-reports. Conclusions. The current study suggests that caregivers of ADRD patients are at risk for role-related depression symptoms and perceived stress and strain; in turn, both measures predict higher likelihood that the caregivers report temptation to abuse the care recipient. Introduction. Introduction. The role of caregivers for patients with Alzheimer The role of caregivers for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is life related dementias (ADRD) is life-changing and frequently associated with a changing and frequently associated with a negative impact on caregiver physical and psychological health, negative impact on caregiver physical and psychological health, including including symptoms of clinical depression. symptoms of clinical depression. 1-5 Given the intensity and Given the intensity and chronicity chronicity of demands of demands placed on the caregiver, some ADRD patients may be neglected, le placed on the caregiver, some ADRD patients may be neglected, left ft unsupervised and at risk of harm, or abused by caregivers. unsupervised and at risk of harm, or abused by caregivers. 2 This study examines This study examines caregiver symptom levels of depression in relation to 1) perceiv caregiver symptom levels of depression in relation to 1) perceiv ed stress and ed stress and strain, 2) temptation to abuse, and 3) neglect of care receiver strain, 2) temptation to abuse, and 3) neglect of care receiver safety. safety. Methods. Methods. Surveys were conducted with 77 caregivers of ADRD patients Surveys were conducted with 77 caregivers of ADRD patients evaluated at the University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic in evaluated at the University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic in Miami, Florida. Miami, Florida. Caregivers completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depr Caregivers completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depr ession Scale ession Scale (CES (CES-D) to assess symptoms of depression and a risk appraisal instrum D) to assess symptoms of depression and a risk appraisal instrument ent describing care recipient characteristics. Three risk appraisal describing care recipient characteristics. Three risk appraisal items assessed items assessed caregiver stress and strain (Figure 1), 2 items measured temptat caregiver stress and strain (Figure 1), 2 items measured temptat ion to abuse ion to abuse (Figure 2), and 2 items examined neglect of care recipient safet (Figure 2), and 2 items examined neglect of care recipient safet y (Figure 3). CES y (Figure 3). CES-D depression symptoms were examined in relation to 1) temptation t depression symptoms were examined in relation to 1) temptation t o abuse, 2) o abuse, 2) neglect of care recipient safety, and 3) caregiver stress and st neglect of care recipient safety, and 3) caregiver stress and st rain (Table 2). rain (Table 2). Caregiver stress and strain were examined in relation to 1) temp Caregiver stress and strain were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abuse tation to abuse and 2) neglect of care recipient safety (Table 2). and 2) neglect of care recipient safety (Table 2). Results. Results. The rate of caregiver depression, assessed by CES The rate of caregiver depression, assessed by CES-D > 16, was found to D > 16, was found to be 34% in our study sample. Caregiver depression and caregiver s be 34% in our study sample. Caregiver depression and caregiver s tress and strain tress and strain were positively correlated (r= 0.42; p<.001). Both caregiver dep were positively correlated (r= 0.42; p<.001). Both caregiver depression and ression and caregiver stress and strain independently predicted temptation t caregiver stress and strain independently predicted temptation t o abuse (r= o abuse (r= 0.39; p < .001 and r=0.47; p < .001) but were not related to neg 0.39; p < .001 and r=0.47; p < .001) but were not related to neglect of care lect of care recipient safety. recipient safety. Discussion. Discussion. In the United States, 15 million adults are providing care for a In the United States, 15 million adults are providing care for a person person with ADRD. with ADRD. 1 Caregiving Caregiving for Alzheimer for Alzheimer’s patients becomes increasingly s patients becomes increasingly burdensome with time. burdensome with time. 4,5 4,5 As Alzheimer As Alzheimer’s symptoms progress, s symptoms progress, caregiving caregiving tasks tasks become more frequent, time consuming, and physically demanding. become more frequent, time consuming, and physically demanding. 2 Cognitive Cognitive deterioration, often accompanied by lack of recognition of careg deterioration, often accompanied by lack of recognition of careg iver identity, iver identity, compounded by verbal and physical aggression, intensifies caregi compounded by verbal and physical aggression, intensifies caregi ver stress. ver stress. 1,5 1,5 Not surprisingly, caregivers frequently develop symptoms of depr Not surprisingly, caregivers frequently develop symptoms of depr ession and ession and experience stress and strain. experience stress and strain. 1,4,5 1,4,5 In this study, caregiver depression symptoms In this study, caregiver depression symptoms and caregiver stress and strain were strongly associated and the and caregiver stress and strain were strongly associated and these two measures se two measures were positively associated with elevated risk for temptation to were positively associated with elevated risk for temptation to abuse as abuse as measured by caregiver self measured by caregiver self-reports. reports. Conclusions. Conclusions. The current study suggests that caregivers of ADRD patients are The current study suggests that caregivers of ADRD patients are at at risk for role risk for role-related depression symptoms and perceived stress and strain; in related depression symptoms and perceived stress and strain; in turn, both measures predict higher likelihood that the caregiver turn, both measures predict higher likelihood that the caregiver s report s report temptation to abuse the care recipient. temptation to abuse the care recipient. Abstract 2455 Abstract 2455 Table 1: ADRD Caregivers: Table 1: ADRD Caregivers: Demographic Characteristics Demographic Characteristics (n=77) (n=77) Demographic Characteristic Demographic Characteristic No. No. % Caregiver Caregiver Relationship Relationship to Care to Care Recipient Recipient Child Child 38 38 49% 49% Spouse Spouse 30 30 39% 39% Sibling Sibling 3 4% 4% Other Other 6 8% 8% Living with Care Recipient Living with Care Recipient 53 53 69% 69% Caregiver Caregiver Race/ethnicity Race/ethnicity Hispanic Hispanic 49 49 58% 58% White, Non White, Non- Hispanic Hispanic 22 22 29% 29% Afro Afro-American American 4 5% 5% Other Other 6 8% 8% Caregiver Age Caregiver Age Mean: Mean: 76.3 76.3 SD: SD: 8.3 8.3 Range: Range: 56 56-91 91 Table 2: Correlations among Table 2: Correlations among Scaled Measures Scaled Measures (n=77) (n=77) Caregiver Caregiver Stress & Stress & Strain Strain Temptation Temptation to Abuse to Abuse Neglect of Neglect of Patient Patient Safety Safety CES CES-D Score D Score 0.42*** 0.42*** 0.39*** 0.39*** -0.123 0.123 NS NS Caregiver Caregiver Stress & Stress & Strain Strain NA NA 0.47*** 0.47*** 0.05 0.05 NS NS *** p<.001 *** p<.001 NS: Not significant NS: Not significant Figure 1: Caregiver Stress & Strain Figure 1: Caregiver Stress & Strain 3 items, Maximum Range: 0 3 items, Maximum Range: 0-10 10 Mean (SD): 3.0 (2.1) Actual Range: 0 Mean (SD): 3.0 (2.1) Actual Range: 0-8 Caregiver Stress & Caregiver Stress & Strain: Frequencies Strain: Frequencies 1 Do you feel stressed between caring for Care Recipient and trying to meet other responsibilities (work/family)? 2 Do you feel strained when you are around Care Recipient? 3 Is it hard or stressful for you to help Care Receiver in basic daily activities like bathing, changing clothes, brushing teeth, or shaving? Figure 2: Temptation to Abuse Figure 2: Temptation to Abuse 2 items, Maximum Range: 0 2 items, Maximum Range: 0-6 Mean (SD): 0.89 (0.9) Actual Range: 0 Mean (SD): 0.89 (0.9) Actual Range: 0-6 Temptation to Temptation to Abuse: Abuse: Frequencies Frequencies 1 How often in the past 6 months have you felt like yelling or screaming at Care Recipient because of the way he/she behaved? 2 How often in the past 6 months have you had to keep yourself from hitting or slapping Care Recipient because of the way he/she behaved? Figure 3: Neglect of Care Recipient Safety Figure 3: Neglect of Care Recipient Safety 2 items, Maximum Range: 0 2 items, Maximum Range: 0-3 Mean (SD): 1.69 (1.2) Actual Range: 0 Mean (SD): 1.69 (1.2) Actual Range: 0-3 Neglect of CR Neglect of CR Safety: Frequencies Safety: Frequencies 1 Can Care Recipient get to dangerous objects (e.g. gun, knife, or other sharp objects)? 2 Do you ever leave Care Recipient alone or unsupervised at home? References References 1. Alzheimer’s Association. 2015 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2015;11(3)332. 2. Cooper C, Blanchard M, Selwood A, Walker Z, Livingston G. Family Carers' Distress and Abusive Behavior: Longitudinal Study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2010;196(6):480-485. 3. Czaja S, Gitlin L, Schulz R, Zhang S, Burgio LD Stevens A et al. Development of the Risk Appraisal Measure: A Brief Screen to Identify Risk Areas and Guide Interventions for Dementia Caregivers. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2009;57(6):1064-1072. 4. Ornstein K, Gaugler JE, Zahodne L, Stern Y. The Heterogeneous Course of Depressive Symptoms for the Dementia Caregiver. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 2014;78(2):133-148. 5. Smith G, Williamson G, Miller L, Schulz R. Depression and Quality of Informal Care: A Longitudinal Investigation of Caregiving Stressors. Psychology and Aging. 2011;26(3):584-591.
Transcript of RISK APPRAISAL OF ALZHEIMER’S CAREGIVERS: THE Poster...
Poster TitleAuthors:
Institutions type here:
POSTER NO.POSTER NO.P2P2--061061
RISK APPRAISAL OF ALZHEIMERRISK APPRAISAL OF ALZHEIMER’’S CAREGIVERS: THES CAREGIVERS: THEDEPRESSION CONNECTIONDEPRESSION CONNECTION
ZeldeZelde EspinelEspinel MD MA MPH,MD MA MPH,11 Elizabeth A.Elizabeth A. CroccoCrocco MD,MD,11 Janice Rios MD,Janice Rios MD,11 Ivan Escobar,Ivan Escobar,22 JehanJehan HelmiHelmiMD,MD,11 DavidDavid LoewensteinLoewenstein PHDPHD11
1: University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic (UM1: University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic (UM--MDC), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UniversiMDC), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; 2: Universty of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; 2: Universidadidaddel Valle, Cali, Colombiadel Valle, Cali, Colombia
The UMThe UM--MDC is partly supported by the State of Florida Department of ElMDC is partly supported by the State of Florida Department of Elder Affairs (der Affairs (XZ203),, AlzheimerAlzheimer’’s Disease Initiative (ADI)s Disease Initiative (ADI)
Introduction. The role of caregivers for patients with Alzheimer’s disease andrelated dementias (ADRD) is life-changing and frequently associated with anegative impact on caregiver physical and psychological health, includingsymptoms of clinical depression.1-5 Given the intensity and chronicity of demandsplaced on the caregiver, some ADRD patients may be neglected, leftunsupervised and at risk of harm, or abused by caregivers.2 This study examinescaregiver symptom levels of depression in relation to 1) perceived stress andstrain, 2) temptation to abuse, and 3) neglect of care receiver safety.
Methods. Surveys were conducted with 77 caregivers of ADRD patientsevaluated at the University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic in Miami, Florida.Caregivers completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) to assess symptoms of depression and a risk appraisal instrumentdescribing care recipient characteristics. Three risk appraisal items assessedcaregiver stress and strain (Figure 1), 2 items measured temptation to abuse(Figure 2), and 2 items examined neglect of care recipient safety (Figure 3). CES-Ddepression symptoms were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abuse, 2)neglect of care recipient safety, and 3) caregiver stress and strain (Table 2).Caregiver stress and strain were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abuseand 2) neglect of care recipient safety (Table 2).
Results. The rate of caregiver depression, assessed by CES-D > 16, was found tobe 34% in our study sample. Caregiver depression and caregiver stress and strainwere positively correlated (r= 0.42; p<.001). Both caregiver depression andcaregiver stress and strain independently predicted temptation to abuse (r=0.39; p < .001 and r=0.47; p < .001) but were not related to neglect of carerecipient safety.
Discussion. In the United States, 15 million adults are providing care for a personwith ADRD.1 Caregiving for Alzheimer’s patients becomes increasinglyburdensome with time.4,5 As Alzheimer’s symptoms progress, caregiving tasksbecome more frequent, time consuming, and physically demanding.2 Cognitivedeterioration, often accompanied by lack of recognition of caregiver identity,compounded by verbal and physical aggression, intensifies caregiver stress.1,5
Not surprisingly, caregivers frequently develop symptoms of depression andexperience stress and strain.1,4,5 In this study, caregiver depression symptomsand caregiver stress and strain were strongly associated and these two measureswere positively associated with elevated risk for temptation to abuse asmeasured by caregiver self-reports.
Conclusions. The current study suggests that caregivers of ADRD patients are atrisk for role-related depression symptoms and perceived stress and strain; inturn, both measures predict higher likelihood that the caregivers reporttemptation to abuse the care recipient.
Introduction.Introduction. The role of caregivers for patients with AlzheimerThe role of caregivers for patients with Alzheimer’’s disease ands disease andrelated dementias (ADRD) is liferelated dementias (ADRD) is life--changing and frequently associated with achanging and frequently associated with anegative impact on caregiver physical and psychological health,negative impact on caregiver physical and psychological health, includingincludingsymptoms of clinical depression.symptoms of clinical depression.11--55 Given the intensity andGiven the intensity and chronicitychronicity of demandsof demandsplaced on the caregiver, some ADRD patients may be neglected, leplaced on the caregiver, some ADRD patients may be neglected, leftftunsupervised and at risk of harm, or abused by caregivers.unsupervised and at risk of harm, or abused by caregivers.22 This study examinesThis study examinescaregiver symptom levels of depression in relation to 1) perceivcaregiver symptom levels of depression in relation to 1) perceived stress anded stress andstrain, 2) temptation to abuse, and 3) neglect of care receiverstrain, 2) temptation to abuse, and 3) neglect of care receiver safety.safety.
Methods.Methods. Surveys were conducted with 77 caregivers of ADRD patientsSurveys were conducted with 77 caregivers of ADRD patientsevaluated at the University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic inevaluated at the University of Miami Memory Disorders Clinic in Miami, Florida.Miami, Florida.Caregivers completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies DeprCaregivers completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scaleession Scale(CES(CES--D) to assess symptoms of depression and a risk appraisal instrumD) to assess symptoms of depression and a risk appraisal instrumententdescribing care recipient characteristics. Three risk appraisaldescribing care recipient characteristics. Three risk appraisal items assesseditems assessedcaregiver stress and strain (Figure 1), 2 items measured temptatcaregiver stress and strain (Figure 1), 2 items measured temptation to abuseion to abuse(Figure 2), and 2 items examined neglect of care recipient safet(Figure 2), and 2 items examined neglect of care recipient safety (Figure 3). CESy (Figure 3). CES--DDdepression symptoms were examined in relation to 1) temptation tdepression symptoms were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abuse, 2)o abuse, 2)neglect of care recipient safety, and 3) caregiver stress and stneglect of care recipient safety, and 3) caregiver stress and strain (Table 2).rain (Table 2).Caregiver stress and strain were examined in relation to 1) tempCaregiver stress and strain were examined in relation to 1) temptation to abusetation to abuseand 2) neglect of care recipient safety (Table 2).and 2) neglect of care recipient safety (Table 2).
Results.Results. The rate of caregiver depression, assessed by CESThe rate of caregiver depression, assessed by CES--D > 16, was found toD > 16, was found tobe 34% in our study sample. Caregiver depression and caregiver sbe 34% in our study sample. Caregiver depression and caregiver stress and straintress and strainwere positively correlated (r= 0.42; p<.001). Both caregiver depwere positively correlated (r= 0.42; p<.001). Both caregiver depression andression andcaregiver stress and strain independently predicted temptation tcaregiver stress and strain independently predicted temptation to abuse (r=o abuse (r=0.39; p < .001 and r=0.47; p < .001) but were not related to neg0.39; p < .001 and r=0.47; p < .001) but were not related to neglect of carelect of carerecipient safety.recipient safety.
Discussion.Discussion. In the United States, 15 million adults are providing care for aIn the United States, 15 million adults are providing care for a personpersonwith ADRD.with ADRD.11 CaregivingCaregiving for Alzheimerfor Alzheimer’’s patients becomes increasinglys patients becomes increasinglyburdensome with time.burdensome with time.4,54,5 As AlzheimerAs Alzheimer’’s symptoms progress,s symptoms progress, caregivingcaregiving taskstasksbecome more frequent, time consuming, and physically demanding.become more frequent, time consuming, and physically demanding.22 CognitiveCognitivedeterioration, often accompanied by lack of recognition of caregdeterioration, often accompanied by lack of recognition of caregiver identity,iver identity,compounded by verbal and physical aggression, intensifies caregicompounded by verbal and physical aggression, intensifies caregiver stress.ver stress.1,51,5
Not surprisingly, caregivers frequently develop symptoms of deprNot surprisingly, caregivers frequently develop symptoms of depression andession andexperience stress and strain.experience stress and strain.1,4,51,4,5 In this study, caregiver depression symptomsIn this study, caregiver depression symptomsand caregiver stress and strain were strongly associated and theand caregiver stress and strain were strongly associated and these two measuresse two measureswere positively associated with elevated risk for temptation towere positively associated with elevated risk for temptation to abuse asabuse asmeasured by caregiver selfmeasured by caregiver self--reports.reports.
Conclusions.Conclusions. The current study suggests that caregivers of ADRD patients areThe current study suggests that caregivers of ADRD patients are atatrisk for rolerisk for role--related depression symptoms and perceived stress and strain; inrelated depression symptoms and perceived stress and strain; inturn, both measures predict higher likelihood that the caregiverturn, both measures predict higher likelihood that the caregivers reports reporttemptation to abuse the care recipient.temptation to abuse the care recipient.
Abstract 2455Abstract 2455 Table 1: ADRD Caregivers:Table 1: ADRD Caregivers:Demographic CharacteristicsDemographic Characteristics (n=77)(n=77)
Demographic CharacteristicDemographic Characteristic No.No. %%
CaregiverCaregiverRelationshipRelationshipto Careto CareRecipientRecipient
ChildChild 3838 49%49%
SpouseSpouse 3030 39%39%
SiblingSibling 33 4%4%
OtherOther 66 8%8%
Living with Care RecipientLiving with Care Recipient 5353 69%69%
CaregiverCaregiverRace/ethnicityRace/ethnicity
HispanicHispanic 4949 58%58%
White, NonWhite, Non--HispanicHispanic
2222 29%29%
AfroAfro--AmericanAmerican 44 5%5%
OtherOther 66 8%8%
Caregiver AgeCaregiver Age Mean:Mean:76.376.3
SD:SD:8.38.3
Range:Range:5656--9191
Table 2: Correlations amongTable 2: Correlations amongScaled MeasuresScaled Measures (n=77)(n=77)
CaregiverCaregiverStress &Stress &
StrainStrain
TemptationTemptationto Abuseto Abuse
Neglect ofNeglect ofPatientPatientSafetySafety
CESCES--D ScoreD Score 0.42***0.42*** 0.39***0.39*** --0.1230.123 NSNS
CaregiverCaregiverStress &Stress &StrainStrain
NANA 0.47***0.47*** 0.050.05 NSNS
*** p<.001*** p<.001NS: Not significantNS: Not significant
Figure 1: Caregiver Stress & StrainFigure 1: Caregiver Stress & Strain
3 items, Maximum Range: 03 items, Maximum Range: 0--1010Mean (SD): 3.0 (2.1) Actual Range: 0Mean (SD): 3.0 (2.1) Actual Range: 0--88
Caregiver Stress &Caregiver Stress &Strain: FrequenciesStrain: Frequencies
11 Do you feel stressed between caring for Care Recipient and trying to meet otherresponsibilities (work/family)?
22 Do you feel strained when you are around Care Recipient?
33 Is it hard or stressful for you to help Care Receiver in basic daily activities likebathing, changing clothes, brushing teeth, or shaving?
Figure 2: Temptation to AbuseFigure 2: Temptation to Abuse
2 items, Maximum Range: 02 items, Maximum Range: 0--66Mean (SD): 0.89 (0.9) Actual Range: 0Mean (SD): 0.89 (0.9) Actual Range: 0--66
Temptation toTemptation toAbuse:Abuse:
FrequenciesFrequencies
11 How often in the past 6 months have you felt like yelling or screaming at CareRecipient because of the way he/she behaved?
22 How often in the past 6 months have you had to keep yourself from hitting orslapping Care Recipient because of the way he/she behaved?
Figure 3: Neglect of Care Recipient SafetyFigure 3: Neglect of Care Recipient Safety
2 items, Maximum Range: 02 items, Maximum Range: 0--33Mean (SD): 1.69 (1.2) Actual Range: 0Mean (SD): 1.69 (1.2) Actual Range: 0--33
Neglect of CRNeglect of CRSafety: FrequenciesSafety: Frequencies
11 Can Care Recipient get to dangerous objects (e.g. gun, knife, or other sharp objects)?
22 Do you ever leave Care Recipient alone or unsupervised at home?
ReferencesReferences1. Alzheimer’s Association. 2015 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2015;11(3)332.2. Cooper C, Blanchard M, Selwood A, Walker Z, Livingston G. Family Carers' Distress and Abusive Behavior: Longitudinal Study. The British Journal of Psychiatry.2010;196(6):480-485.3. Czaja S, Gitlin L, Schulz R, Zhang S, Burgio LD Stevens A et al. Development of the Risk Appraisal Measure: A Brief Screen to Identify Risk Areas and GuideInterventions for Dementia Caregivers. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2009;57(6):1064-1072.4. Ornstein K, Gaugler JE, Zahodne L, Stern Y. The Heterogeneous Course of Depressive Symptoms for the Dementia Caregiver. The International Journal of Aging andHuman Development. 2014;78(2):133-148.5. Smith G, Williamson G, Miller L, Schulz R. Depression and Quality of Informal Care: A Longitudinal Investigation of Caregiving Stressors. Psychology and Aging.2011;26(3):584-591.
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