Río de Janeiro 18 July 2009 Science & Technology Indicators for EULARINET.

Río de Janeiro

18 July 2009

Science & Technology Indicators for EULARINET

Objectives

The aim of this EULARINET study is:

• To analyse the scientific and technological performance of Latin-American (LA) countries and their collaboration with the EU-27 plus Norway, during the period 2002-2006

• To measure and analyse the impact that collaboration with Europe has for Latin America by

thematic area

• The Web of Science (WoS) database was used

• Publications of LA countries were obtained by a search strategy including

the name of the countries and the publication years (2002-2006) (6 FP)

• Data downloaded from the WoS database were included in a local database

built at IEDCYT-CSIC

• WoS subfields were assigned to a selection of 10 broad scientific areas

• Full count of documents was applied

• Citations of period 2002-2006 were considered

• Countries analysed:

- North America: Mexico

- Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador,

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

- South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,

Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

Source and methodology

Principal indicators1.Production of Latin-American countries

- Number of documents per LA country: total and annual evolution

- Percentage of documents of each LA country as a percentage of the world

output

- Specialisation index (SI) of each LA country by scientific area

2Impact of Latin-American countries

- Number of citations per document and percentage of non cited documents

by LA country and by scientific area

- Relative citation indicators as compared to the whole LA region for each

country and area

3 Collaboration between Latin-American countries and EU-27 plus Norway

- Number and percentage of documents of each LA country in collaboration

with EU countries

- Collaboration profiles of countries by area

- Participation in international networks, size of the networks and

collaboration with third countries (Social Network Analysis)

4 Visibility of LA-EU collaborative papers

- Influence of EU collaboration on the impact of LA countries by

area (Impact Collaboration Rate= citations/doc of LA-EU collaborative

papers vs. citations/doc of only domestic LA papers)

Results: LA production

Number of WoS documents per Latin-American country. Yearly evolution

Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total % Increase

%

Argentina 5727 5818 5826 5957 6471 29799 15.59 12.99

Belize 6 9 7 12 18 52 0.03 200.00

Bolivia 106 122 131 163 163 685 0.36 53.77

Brazil 16179 17077 18566 19818 22383 94023 49.20 38.35

Chile 2672 3005 3079 3420 3807 15983 8.36 42.48

Colombia 845 880 963 1029 1265 4982 2.61 49.70

Costa Rica 288 296 340 358 375 1657 0.87 30.21

Ecuador 159 179 180 227 245 990 0.52 54.09

El Salvador 18 12 23 25 28 106 0.06 55.56

Guatemala 78 72 79 111 90 430 0.22 15.38

Honduras 26 31 33 51 40 181 0.09 53.85

Mexico 6318 7117 7715 8164 8493 37807 19.78 34.43

Nicaragua 24 31 35 49 75 214 0.11 212.50

Panama 139 153 177 184 234 887 0.46 68.35

Paraguay 34 43 44 41 48 210 0.11 41.18

Peru 360 442 373 519 583 2277 1.19 61.94

Uruguay 409 434 490 497 514 2344 1.23 25.67

Venezuela 1242 1262 1165 1285 1371 6325 3.31 10.39

Addition 34630 36983 39226 41910 46203 198952 104.10 33.42

Total 33412 35698 37745 40097 44167 191119 100.00 32.19

Agricult., Biology & Environ. Sci

Biomedical Research

ChemistryClinical Medicine

Engineering, Technology

HumanitiesMathematics

Physics

Social Sciences

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Results: production by area

Thematic profile of Latin-American output (all

countries) (WoS 2002-2006)

Yearly evolution of the output from Latin-America (all countries) per thematic area

Thematic profile of Latin-American countries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Belize

El Salvador

Honduras

Paraguay

Nicaragua

Guatemala

Bolivia

Panamá

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Peru

Uruguay

Colombia

Venezuela

Chile

Argentina

México

Brazil

Agric.Biol.& Env.Sci.

Biomedical Res.

Chemistry

Clinical Med.

Eng.Technology

Humanities

Mathematics

Multidisciplinary Sci.

Physics

Social Sci.

N = 94023

N = 37807

N = 29799

N = 15983

N = 6325

N = 4982

N = 2344

N = 2277

N = 1657

N = 990

N = 887

N = 685

N = 430

N = 214

N = 210

N = 181

N = 106

N = 52

Results: production by area

Medium producers

Medium producers

High producers

High producers

Low producers

Low producers

Results: relative indicators by area

MEXICO

Relative indicators

Area Total Citation/

Doc

% Doc without citation SI

Rel.cit/ doc

Rel.non cited rate

Agricult., Biology & Environ. Sci 9112 3.68 33.00 1.05 0.98 1.05

Biomedical Research 7272 5.84 28.78 0.84 1.05 1.02

Chemistry 3814 4.95 22.42 0.92 0.93 1.18

Clinical Medicine 6928 4.50 44.57 0.72 1.09 0.93

Engineering, Technology 7230 3.03 37.25 1.29 0.98 1.06

Humanities 519 0.39 85.16 1.32 1.31 0.96

Mathematics 1496 2.03 40.31 1.15 0.89 1.08

Multidisciplinary Sciences 468 11.24 38.89 1.11 0.91 1.06

Physics 8437 5.45 25.80 1.20 0.94 1.09

Social Sciences 1555 2.57 49.26 1.16 0.90 1.04

Total 37807


Relative indicators

Area Total Citation/

Doc


Rel.cit/ doc

Rel.non cited rate

Agricult., Biol. & Envi. Sci 20051 3.37 33.93 0.93 0.90 1.07


Chemistry 10658 5.58 18.14 1.04 1.04 0.95



Humanities 483 0.25 89.86 0.50 0.84 1.02

Mathematics 3118 2.26 36.11 0.96 0.99 0.96


Physics 16281 5.38 24.22 0.93 0.93 1.02

Social Sciences 2769 2.91 48.50 0.83 1.02 1.02

Total 94023

BRAZIL


ARGENTINA Relative

indicators Area Total

Citation/ Doc


Rel.cit/ doc

Rel.non cited rate

Agricult., Biology & Environ. Sci 6969 4.40 24.58 1.02 1.17 0.78


Chemistry 3647 5.54 15.63 1.12 1.04 0.82



Humanities 434 0.34 86.87 1.40 1.14 0.98

Mathematics 784 2.48 37.24 0.76 1.09 0.99


Physics 5895 5.40 21.26 1.07 0.93 0.89

Social Sciences 958 3.32 47.39 0.90 1.16 1.00

Total 29799

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Venezuela

Uruguay

Peru

Paraguay

Panama

Nicaragua

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

El Salvador

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Chile

Brazil

Bolivia

Belize

Argentina

Relative indicators

Citation/doc

SI

Clinical Medicine

Specialization Index (SI) and relative citations per document by country (WoS 2002-2006)


N = 48625N = 48625


Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences


0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Venezuela

Uruguay

Peru

Paraguay

Panama

Nicaragua

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

El Salvador

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Chile

Brazil

Bolivia

Belize

Argentina

Relative indicators

Citation/doc

SI

N = 43886N = 43886

Biomedical Research


0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

Venezuela

Uruguay

Peru

Paraguay

Panama

Nicaragua

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

El Salvador

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Chile

Brazil

Bolivia

Belize

Argentina

Relative indicators

Citation/doc

SI


N = 43805N = 43805

0 1 2

Venezuela

Uruguay

Peru

Paraguay

Panama

Nicaragua

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

El Salvador

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Chile

Brazil

Bolivia

Belize

Argentina

Relative indicators

Citation/doc

SI

Physics



N = 35442N = 35442

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

Venezuela

Uruguay

Peru

Paraguay

Panama

Nicaragua

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

El Salvador

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Chile

Brazil

Bolivia

Belize

Argentina

Relative indicators

Citation/doc

SI

Engineering and Technology



N = 28327N = 28327

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6

Venezuela

Uruguay

Peru

Paraguay

Panama

Nicaragua

Mexico

Honduras

Guatemala

El Salvador

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Colombia

Chile

Brazil

Bolivia

Argentina

Relative indicators

Citation/doc

SI

Chemistry


N = 20915N = 20915


Results: collaboration

Collaboration profile by

country

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Brazil

México

Argentina

Chile

Venezuela

Colombia

Uruguay

Perú

Costa Rica

Ecuador

Panamá

Bolivia

Guatemala

Nicaragua

Paraguay

Honduras

El Salvador

Belize

Without collab. Nat. Collab. Int.collab.with EU Int.collab.with other countries


Collaboration between LA and European countries


Strongest collaboration links between large and medium size Latin-American countries and European countries (percentages) Country Brazil Mexico Argentina Chile Venezuela Colombia Uruguay Peru Costa Rica

Spain 11.90 30.81 34.85 28.00 36.28 39.41 36.01 20.73 20.39

France 25.44 23.66 20.86 25.04 25.58 21.56 21.86 18.39 23.46

Germany 22.36 16.53 20.38 24.53 12.76 17.67 11.48 19.42 24.78

United Kingdom 23.88 20.93 16.06 18.50 21.20 30.48 13.36 25.26 17.32

Italy 14.08 10.47 13.49 11.55 10.12 4.72 10.53 9.34 7.02

Netherlands 6.79 5.96 5.79 6.02 3.61 10.2 3.46 6.28 17.98

Belgium 5.08 4.57 4.08 5.25 4.64 3.51 2.99 11.68 4.82

Portugal 7.40 1.46 2.72 2.50 1.74 1.59 1.89 1.46 1.10

Sweden 4.59 4.16 4.00 4.34 3.67 6.70 9.91 4.23 11.84

Total collab EU+Norway 13955 6965 6247 4632 1552 1568 636 685 456

Percentage of EU-LA collaboration vs. total LA international collaboration by area

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

Agricult., Biology & Environ.Science

Biomedical Research

Chemistry

Clinical Medicine


Humanities

Mathematics


Physics

Social Sciences

Argentina Brazil Chile México

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00


Biomedical Research

Chemistry

Clinical Medicine


Humanities

Mathematics


Physics

Social Sciences

Colombia Costa Rica Perú Uruguay Venezuela

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00


Biomedical Research

Chemistry

Clinical Medicine


Humanities

Mathematics


Physics

Social Sciences

Belize Bolivia Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala

Honduras Nicaragua Panamá Paraguay

Low producers

Medium producers

High producers


0

20

40

60

80

100


Biomedical Research

Chemistry

Clinical Medicine


Humanities

Mathematics


Physics

Social Sciences

Colombia Costa Rica Perú Uruguay Venezuela

0

20

40

60

80

100


Biomedical Research

Chemistry

Clinical Medicine


Humanities

Mathematics


Physics

Social Sciences

Argentina Brazil Chile México

0

20

40

60

80

100


Biomedical Research

Chemistry

Clinical Medicine


Humanities

Mathematics


Physics

Social Sciences

Belize Bolivia Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala

Honduras Nicaragua Panamá Paraguay

Percentages of EU-LA collaboration versus total LA publication by

area

Low producers

Medium producers

High producers


International collaboration of Mexico (N=15834 doc. with int. coll.)


Note: the distance between nodes is proportional to the number of documents in collaboration

International collaboration of Brazil (N=27832 doc. with int. coll.)



International collaboration of Argentina (N=11999 doc. with int. coll.)



Results: collaboration per area

Clinical Medicine. International LA collaboration (countries with >100 documents in collaboration)

Note: only links of LA countries with other countries are shown. Thickness of lines represents number of documents in collaboration. Nucleus is marked with red points ellipse.

Rank Country Degree

1 Brazil 18

2 Argentina 11

3 USA 10

4 Mexico 7

5 Spain 6

6 United Kingdom 4

7 Chile 3

8 Canada 3

9 Germany 3

10 France 3

11 Colombia 2

12 Italy 2

13 Belgium 2

14 Venezuela 2

15 Switzerland 2

16 Netherlands 2

17 Guatemala 1

18 Peru 1

19 Australia 1

20 Portugal 1

21 Sweden 1

22 Costa Rica 1

23 Japan 1

24 Uruguay 1

25 Israel 1

26 Peoples R China 1

Rank Countries N Doc in collab.

1 Brazil-United Kingdom 860

2 Brazil-Italy 626

3 Brazil-France 589

4 Brazil-Germany 519

5 Brazil-Spain 395

6 Argentina-Spain 312

7 Argentina-Brazil 293

8 Brazil-Netherlands 282

9 Mexico-Spain 253

10 Argentina-Italy 236

11 Argentina-France 234

12 Argentina-United Kingdom 232

13 Brazil-Belgium 214

14 Argentina-Germany 191

15 Mexico-United Kingdom 189

16 Mexico-France 184

17 Chile-Spain 176

18 Brazil-Sweden 148

19 Brazil-Portugal 147

20 Chile-United Kingdom 143

21 Brazil-Mexico 141

22 Colombia-Spain 126

23 Mexico-Germany 116

24 Argentina-Belgium 115

25 Venezuela-Spain 101

26 Argentina-Netherlands 100

Clinical Medicine. Collaboration between Latin-American and European countries (only countries with >100 documents in collaboration)


Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences. International collaboration (countries with >100 documents in collaboration)


Rank Country Degree

1 Brazil 24

2 Mexico 20

3 Argentina 13

4 USA 13

5 Chile 9

6 United Kingdom 8

7 Germany 7

8 Spain 7

9 Colombia 7

10 France 6

11 Venezuela 6

12 Uruguay 4

13 Canada 4

14 Peru 3

15 Australia 3

16 Panama 3

17 Netherlands 3

18 Italy 3

19 Costa Rica 2

20 Japan 2

21 Ecuador 1

22 Portugal 1

23 Bolivia 1


Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Collaboration between LA and EU countries (only countries with >100 documents in collaboration)

Rank Countries N Doc in collab.



3 Brazil-France 481

4 Mexico-Spain 423



7 Mexico-France 283


9 Brazil-Spain 246

10 Chile-Spain 219


12 Brazil-Italy 180



15 Chile-Germany 167




19 Chile-France 114



Biomedical Research. International collaboration (countries with >100 documents in collaboration)


Rank Country Degree

1 Brazil 16

2 Argentina 10

3 USA 10

4 Mexico 7

5 Chile 6

6 Spain 6

7 Germany 4

8 United Kingdom 4

9 France 4

10 Canada 3

11 Venezuela 2

12 Colombia 2

13 Japan 2

14 Italy 2

15 Sweden 1

16 Switzerland 1

17 Australia 1

18 Costa Rica 1

19 Panama 1

20 Netherlands 1

21 Portugal 1

22 Peru 1

23 Belgium 1

24 Uruguay 1


Biomedical Research. Collaboration between Latin-American and European countries (only countries with >100 documents in collaboration)

Rank Countries N Doc in collab


2 Brazil-France 723



5 Brazil-Italy 369

6 Brazil-Spain 318


8 Mexico-Spain 275


10 Mexico-France 262





15 Chile-Spain 181


17 Brazil-Belgium 166


19 Chile-France 144

20 Chile-Germany 132


22 Colombia-Spain 112




Physics. International collaboration (countries with >100 documents in collaboration)


Rank Country Degree

1 Brazil 29

2 Mexico 24

3 Chile 18

4 Argentina 13

5 France 7

6 Colombia 7

7 USA 7

8 Spain 6

9 Germany 5

10 United Kingdom 5

11 Russia 4

12 Canada 4

13 Netherlands 4

14 Italy 4

15 Sweden 3

16 Poland 3

17 Peoples R China 3

18 Venezuela 3

19 Belgium 3

20 Switzerland 3


Physics. LA-EU collaboration (only countries with >100 documents in collaboration)

Rank Countries N Doc in collab


2 Brazil-France 1269


4 Mexico-Spain 706

5 Brazil-Italy 692

6 Chile-Germany 681


8 Mexico-France 579


10 Chile-France 558




14 Brazil-Spain 428

15 Mexico-Italy 424

16 Chile-Spain 405


18 Chile-Italy 355






24 Brazil-Poland 258

25 Brazil-Switzerland 249


Results: visibility of LA-EU collaboration

Citations/doc in collaboration between LA countries with EU (and Norway) by area

Note: Only data from countries with >45 documents by area and >10 documents in collaboration with EU are shown. Highest values in each area are shaded

Country Agricult.

Biology & Env.. Sci

Biomed. Research

Chemistry Clinical

Medicine Engineer. Technol.

Humanit. Mathem. Multidis. Sciences

Physics Social

Sci

Brazil 6.15 8.56 6.59 12.40 4.05 1.00 2.78 37.90 8.05 4.82

Mexico 5.67 8.95 6.58 12.63 4.11 2.52 2.22 17.87 9.55 4.68

Argentina 6.92 9.56 7.01 14.88 4.34 1.00 3.59 29.32 7.59 7.23

Chile 6.30 9.55 6.43 10.94 3.22 3.40 39.38 13.29 4.68

Venezuela 5.00 7.94 6.31 8.06 3.31 2.07 13.13 8.73 5.10

Colombia 6.38 9.77 5.32 9.95 4.24 1.32 18.76 5.61 4.89

Uruguay 6.34 7.98 7.39 8.17 4.88 1.41 8.57

Peru 6.38 7.82 4.59 8.13 5.08 1.67 8.10 4.57

Costa Rica 6.15 18.43 4.09 26.17 2.73 5.51 7.00

Ecuador 8.32 8.53 9.10 4.94 8.99

Panama 12.11 14.01 13.40 47.00

Bolivia 5.45 8.30 5.85 4.00 26.60 8.40 4.72

Guatemala 4.15 7.62 5.86

Nicaragua 2.78 8.77

Paraguay 3.14 5.54 5.48

Honduras 5.59 13.64

El Salvador 2.71

Belize 6.17

Mean LA+EU 5.96 8.90 6.58 11.23 3.92 1.55 2.76 26.18 9.04 4.86

Citations/doc. in LA only publications (without international collaboration) by thematic area

Country Agricult,

Biology & Env.. Sci

Biomed. Research

Chemistry Clinical



Physics Social

Sci

Brazil 2.54 3.87 5.10 2.32 2.69 0.15 1.88 3.04 3.75 1.82

Mexico 2.63 4.15 3.86 2.26 2.31 0.16 1.60 2.20 2.81 1.49

Argentina 3.40 4.07 4.77 2.26 2.75 0.24 1.74 3.14 3.66 1.84

Chile 3.40 4.95 3.92 2.41 2.62 0.07 2.26 4.96 4.22 1.77

Venezuela 1.41 2.93 3.49 1.91 2.12 0.43 1.49 0.46 2.35 1.49

Colombia 2.15 3.97 3.54 2.38 1.82 1.18 0.39 2.55 1.49

Uruguay 2.99 5.33 3.35 2.42 2.12 2.43 4.66 2.38

Peru 1.91 2.84 3.20 0.84 2.42 0.02 3.56 1.00

Costa Rica 2.04 7.59 1.55 3.36 3.33 3.00 1.68

Ecuador 1.98 1.19 3.38 4.95

Panama 8.68 8.36 2.15 2.57 0.75

Bolivia 2.11 0.87

Guatemala 0.82 1.25 2.13

Nicaragua 2.17

Paraguay 1.67 0.93

Mean LA+EU 2.73 4.00 4.70 2.29 2.57 0.16 1.82 2.81 3.50 1.71

Note: Only data from countries with >45 documents by area and >10 documents as domestic publications by area are shown. Highest values in each area are shaded


Impact Collaboration Rate: citations/doc with EU collaboration vs. citations to

only domestic publications

Note: only data from countries with more than 10 documents as domestic publications and with more than 10 documents in collaboration with EU are shown. Highest values in each area are shaded.

Country Agricult.

Biology & Env. Sci

Biomed. Research

Chemistry Clinical



Physics Social

Sci

Brazil 2.42 2.21 1.29 5.35 1.50 6.58 1.48 12.45 2.15 2.65

Mexico 2.15 2.16 1.71 5.58 1.78 15.72 1.39 8.12 3.40 3.14

Argentina 2.04 2.35 1.47 6.59 1.58 4.20 2.06 9.33 2.07 3.94

Chile 1.70 1.93 1.64 4.55 1.23 1.50 7.94 3.15 2.65

Venezuela 3.56 2.71 1.81 4.22 1.56 1.39 28.54 3.71 3.54

Colombia 2.97 2.46 1.50 4.19 2.33 1.12 48.25 2.19 3.29

Uruguay 2.12 1.50 2.21 3.37 2.30 0.58 1.84 1.16

Peru 3.34 2.75 1.44 9.70 2.10 90.00 2.28 4.57

Costa Rica 3.01 2.43 2.65 7.80 0.82 1.84 4.17

Ecuador 4.20 7.17 2.69 1.82

Panama 1.40 1.68 6.24 18.28

Bolivia 2.58 6.72 5.60 5.77

Guatemala 5.04 6.10 2.75

Nicaragua

Paraguay 3.32 5.90


Conclusions

• The increase of publications of the LA region in 2002-2006 has been larger than that of the world (32% versus 19%).

• Specialization profile: LA high producers have an homogeneous output distribution by areas. LA medium producers show a concentration especially in Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences and Clinical Medicine.

• International collaboration: LA high producers have a uniform distribution of their collaboration profile. International collaboration grows when the size of the country decreases. LA high producers have a strong relationship with EU countries but in some small countries there is a predominance of links with the US.

• Social Network Analysis: Physics is the area with more dense collaboration networks, as show the high number of nodes and the stronger links between countries.

• Influence of EU collaboration with the LA region: The Impact Collaboration Rate (ICR) is calculated. This collaboration improves the visibility of all LA countries in the majority of areas. In those areas with greater production, the collaboration with the EU multiplies by a factor of 2 or 3 the number of citations per document.

Río de Janeiro 18 July 2009 Science & Technology Indicators for EULARINET.

Documents

Transcript of Río de Janeiro 18 July 2009 Science & Technology Indicators for EULARINET.