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Right to Food A Global Perspective by Susan Randolph and Shareen Hertel The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
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Right to FoodA Global Perspective
Right to FoodA Global Perspective
by Susan Randolph
andShareen Hertel
by Susan Randolph
andShareen Hertel
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Global HungerGlobal Hunger Between 1970 and 1995, globally the number
of hungry people fell by100 million and the percentage hungry fell by nearly half But since then the number of hungry people has
risen by 135 million people, most sharply since 2006
Virtually no progress has been made in reducing the percentage of hungry people globally.
FAO estimates the number of hungry people in 2010 to be 925 million—that’s roughly 1 in every 7 people.
Between 1970 and 1995, globally the number of hungry people fell by100 million and the percentage hungry fell by nearly half But since then the number of hungry people has
risen by 135 million people, most sharply since 2006
Virtually no progress has been made in reducing the percentage of hungry people globally.
FAO estimates the number of hungry people in 2010 to be 925 million—that’s roughly 1 in every 7 people.
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
FAO Hunger TrendsFAO Hunger Trends
Undernourished Undernourished Per capita Food Production & IncomePer capita Food Production & Income
050
100150200250300350400450
1979
-81
1990
-92
1995
-97
2000
-02
2006
-08
2010
FPI per capita
GDP per capita
050
100150200250300350400450
1979
-81
1990
-92
1995
-97
2000
-02
2006
-08
2010
FPI per capita
GDP per capita
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Yet since 1980 Per capita food production increased by a third Per capita income quadrupled
Why?
Yet since 1980 Per capita food production increased by a third Per capita income quadrupled
Why?
Global Drivers of HungerGlobal Drivers of Hunger
•Dramatic increase in food prices 2007-08
-shocks
-defensive measures
•Dramatic increase in food prices 2007-08
-shocks
-defensive measures
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Global Drivers: Long-term Supply & Demand DynamicsGlobal Drivers: Long-term
Supply & Demand Dynamics Supply Side
Decline in agricultural investment Conversion farmland to non-agricultural uses Substitution high return crops for food crops Land degradation, soil erosion, nutrient
depletion & water scarcity
Supply Side Decline in agricultural investment Conversion farmland to non-agricultural uses Substitution high return crops for food crops Land degradation, soil erosion, nutrient
depletion & water scarcity
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Global Drivers: Long-term Supply & Demand DynamicsGlobal Drivers: Long-term
Supply & Demand Dynamics Demand Side
Population growth Dietary diversification with per capita income
growth—China. Bio-fuels production
Demand Side Population growth Dietary diversification with per capita income
growth—China. Bio-fuels production
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Global Drivers: Policies Promoted by Global Institutions & Developed Country Policies
Global Drivers: Policies Promoted by Global Institutions & Developed Country Policies
Trade liberalization Stabilization & Structural Adjustment Agricultural Subsidies in OECD countries
Trade liberalization Stabilization & Structural Adjustment Agricultural Subsidies in OECD countries
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
States ObligationsStates Obligations
States bear the principle obligation to ensure the rights of those under their jurisdiction.
States also have obligations to engage in “international cooperation” to assist other countries (UN charter, Art. 2; ICESCR, Art. 1, CESCR
General comment 3, para 13 7 14.)
In practice, approach remains fundamentally state-centric.
States bear the principle obligation to ensure the rights of those under their jurisdiction.
States also have obligations to engage in “international cooperation” to assist other countries (UN charter, Art. 2; ICESCR, Art. 1, CESCR
General comment 3, para 13 7 14.)
In practice, approach remains fundamentally state-centric.
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Problems with State-centric Approach
Problems with State-centric Approach
Ignores how actions of global actors—eg. MNCs, IFIs–
affect rights of people worldwide The adverse consequences of state’s economic or
other policy actions, on people who happen to live in other states.
Fails to acknowledge the individual complicity of comparably well-off
people, worldwide, who benefit from maintaining an unjust global economic order.
Ignores how actions of global actors—eg. MNCs, IFIs–
affect rights of people worldwide The adverse consequences of state’s economic or
other policy actions, on people who happen to live in other states.
Fails to acknowledge the individual complicity of comparably well-off
people, worldwide, who benefit from maintaining an unjust global economic order.
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Global Efforts Toward the Realization of the Right to Food
Global Efforts Toward the Realization of the Right to Food
Despite some policy successes, there remain too many global policy failures. Decline in share of bilateral aid directly
targeted to reducing hunger in the short-term from 6.2% in 1998 to 4.1% in 2007.
Evidence some stabilization and structural adjustment programs continue to contribute to hunger (UNDP 2001, ESOCOR Jan 2008).
Despite some policy successes, there remain too many global policy failures. Decline in share of bilateral aid directly
targeted to reducing hunger in the short-term from 6.2% in 1998 to 4.1% in 2007.
Evidence some stabilization and structural adjustment programs continue to contribute to hunger (UNDP 2001, ESOCOR Jan 2008).
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
Global Efforts Toward the Realization of the Right to Food
Global Efforts Toward the Realization of the Right to Food
Doha Round’s failure to reduce farm subsidies in high-income countries
Proliferation bilateral trade agreements privatizing water that jeopardize food security
Efforts to reign in TNCs (Global Compact, Ruggie Guidelines) remain voluntary
Securing the right to food will require taking the Declaration on the Right to Development seriously.
Doha Round’s failure to reduce farm subsidies in high-income countries
Proliferation bilateral trade agreements privatizing water that jeopardize food security
Efforts to reign in TNCs (Global Compact, Ruggie Guidelines) remain voluntary
Securing the right to food will require taking the Declaration on the Right to Development seriously.
The Right to Food in South Africa UCT, May 30-31, 2012
