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07/17/18 Richard Lionheart, Saladin and The Third Crusade, 1187-1192 | University of Glasgow Richard Lionheart, Saladin and The Third Crusade, 1187-1192 (Semester Year 2016/17) View Online 564 items Seminar and Essay Bibliography 2016-17 (370 items) Richard the Lionheart (18 items) Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999 Book | Essential | Vital reading, the best existing study Richard the Lionheart: king and knight - Jean Flori, 2006 Book | Essential | A good thematic study. The reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin Empire, 1189-1199 - Ralph V. Turner, Richard R. Heiser, 2000 Book | Essential | An invaluable overview, focusing on the government and administration of Richard’s lands. England without Richard, 1189-1199 - John Tate Appleby, 1965 Book | Essential | A useful narrative of domestic events, 1189-1199 The itinerary of King Richard I: with studies on certain matters of interest connected with his reign - L. Landon, 1935 Book | - gives a detailed chronology and much useful information. Richard Coeur de Lion in history and myth - Janet L. Nelson, 1992 Book | See: J.O. Prestwich, Richard Coeur de Lion: Rex Bellicosus, pp. 1-16. Available via Online Resource Button. Magna Carta and medieval government - James Clarke Holt, 1985 Book | Chapter: J.C. Holt, Ricardus Rex Anglorum et Dux Normanorum Richard Lionheart: bad king, bad crusader? - Michael Markowski Article Richard: the Lion Heart - Kate Norgate, 1924 Book | Old but still of great value. John Gillingham has also written two earlier books for more general readers. These are worth looking at for an introductory overview: (2 items) Richard the Lionheart - John Gillingham, 1989 1/54
Transcript of Richard Lionheart, Saladin and The Third View Online ... Richard Lionheart, Saladin and The Third...
07/17/18 Richard Lionheart, Saladin and The Third Crusade, 1187-1192 | University
of Glasgow
Richard Lionheart, Saladin and The ThirdCrusade, 1187-1192(Semester Year 2016/17)
View Online
564 items
Seminar and Essay Bibliography 2016-17 (370 items)
Richard the Lionheart (18 items)
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book | Essential | Vital reading, the best existing study
Richard the Lionheart: king and knight - Jean Flori, 2006Book | Essential | A good thematic study.
The reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin Empire, 1189-1199 - Ralph V. Turner,Richard R. Heiser, 2000
Book | Essential | An invaluable overview, focusing on the government andadministration of Richard’s lands.
England without Richard, 1189-1199 - John Tate Appleby, 1965Book | Essential | A useful narrative of domestic events, 1189-1199
The itinerary of King Richard I: with studies on certain matters of interest connected withhis reign - L. Landon, 1935
Book | - gives a detailed chronology and much useful information.
Richard Coeur de Lion in history and myth - Janet L. Nelson, 1992Book | See: J.O. Prestwich, Richard Coeur de Lion: Rex Bellicosus, pp. 1-16. Available via
Online Resource Button.
Magna Carta and medieval government - James Clarke Holt, 1985Book | Chapter: J.C. Holt, Ricardus Rex Anglorum et Dux Normanorum
Richard Lionheart: bad king, bad crusader? - Michael MarkowskiArticle
Richard: the Lion Heart - Kate Norgate, 1924Book | Old but still of great value.
John Gillingham has also written two earlier books for more generalreaders. These are worth looking at for an introductory overview: (2items)
Richard the Lionheart - John Gillingham, 1989
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of Glasgow
Book | Essential
The life and times of Richard I - John Gillingham, 1973Book
Gillingham has also written a number of key articles on Richard,including: (7 items)
The Art of Kingship: Richard I, 1189-99 - Gillingham, John, Apr 1, 1985Article
The Unromantic Death of Richard I - John Gillingham, 1979-01Article
Richard I and Berengaria of Navarre - JOHN GILLINGHAM, 1980-11Article
Richard Coeur de Lion: kingship, chivalry and war in the twelfth century - John Gillingham,1994
Book | Essential
War and government in the Middle Ages: essays in honour of J.O. Prestwich - JohnGillingham, James Clarke Holt, J. O. Prestwich, 1984
Book | See: J. Gillingham, Richard I and the Science of War in the Middle Ages, pp.78-91. Available via Online Resource Button.
Anglo-Norman warfare: studies in late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman militaryorganization and warfare - Matthew Strickland, 1992
Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Richard I and the Science of War in the Middle Ages
Richard Coeur de Lion in history and myth - Janet L. Nelson, 1992Book | Essential
The Third Crusade (14 items)General Studies
The Oxford illustrated history of the crusades - Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith,1995
Book | Essential
The atlas of the crusades - Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith, 1991Book | Essential
The Crusades: a documentary survey - James A. Brundage, c1962Book
The crusades: idea and reality, 1095-1274 - Louise Riley-Smith, Jonathan SimonChristopher Riley-Smith, 1981
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of Glasgow
Book | Essential
The Crusades: Islamic perspectives - Carole Hillenbrand, c1999Book | Essential | An excellent, fully illustrated survey.
The age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517 - P. M. Holt,Ebooks Corporation Limited, 1986
Book | Essential
A history of the Crusades - Steven Runciman, 1951-1954Book
There is, as yet, no single monograph dedicated to the Third Crusade, but see:
History of the CrusadesWebpage | Especially chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4 including the following chapters:
S. Painter, The Third Crusade: Richard the Lionhearted and Philip Augustus’, (vol II, ch. 2,pp. 45-85) and Edgar N. Johnson, The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI, (Vol II, pp. 87-122)
Also available in print:
A history of the crusades - Kenneth Meyer Setton, Mediaeval Academy of America,c1955-1962
Book | Especially chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4 including the following chapters:S. Painter, The Third Crusade: Richard the Lionhearted and Philip Augustus’, (vol II, ch. 2,pp. 45-85) and Edgar N. Johnson, The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI, (Vol II, pp. 87-122)
England and the Crusades, 1095-1588 - Christopher Tyerman, 1988Book | Essential | chapters 2 and 3
God's war: a new history of the Crusades - Christopher Tyerman, 2006Book | Essential | Chapters 11-14
Lionhearts: Saladin and Richard I - Geoffrey Regan, 1998Book | Essential
Saladin (18 items)
Saladin - Jane Marie Todd, Eddé Anne-Marie, 2011Book | Essential | an excellent thematic study
Saladin: the Sultan and his times, 1138-1193 - Hannes Möhring, 2008Book | Essential | A valuable short introduction.
The Crusades: Islamic perspectives - Carole Hillenbrand, c1999Book
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of Glasgow
Saladin and the fall of Jerusalem - Geoffrey Regan, c1987Book | Essential
Saladin: the politics of the holy war - M. C. Lyons, D. E. P. Jackson, 1982Book | Essential | The most detailed modern account, though rather cursory for 1191-3.
Saladin - Andrew S. Ehrenkreutz, American Council of Learned Societies, 1972Book | Essential | Iconoclastic - Saladin as the cynical manipulator of holy war.
Saladin in his time - P. H. Newby, 2001, c1983Book | A good introductory book on Saladin.
Saladin in Egypt - Yaacov Lev, 1999Book | Essential
The Horns ofHattīn - B. Z. Kẹdar, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference,Hevrahla-hakirat Erets-Yiśra'elve-ʻatikoteha, c1992
Book | Essential
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SALADIN - D S Richards, Jul 1, 1973Article
Saladin: hero of Islam - Geoffrey Hindley, 2010Book
Saladin and the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem - Stanley Lane-Poole, 1898Book | Old but still valuable
A history of Egypt in the Middle Ages - Stanley Lane-Poole, 1901Book |
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of Glasgow
The life of Saladin: from the works of 'Imād ad-Din and Bahā' ad-Din - H. A. R. Gibb, 1973Book | Essential | Short, laconic and balanced, if generally pro- Saladin
History: The first hundred years: XVIII: The Rise of Saladin, 1169-1189 - H.A.R. GibbWebpage
From Saladin to the Mongols: the Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260 - R. Stephen.Humphreys, 1977.
Book
The assassins: a radical sect in Islam - Bernard Lewis, 1967Book
Saladin's Triumph over the Crusader States The Battle of Hattin, 1187 - Housley, Norman,Jul 1, 1987
Article
Part II Select Themes (10 items)Writing Richard’s reign: Chroniclers, Legend and Historiography
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book
Good or Bad Kingship? The Case of Richard Lionheart - RV Turner, 1996Article | See: Haskins Society Journal, 1996, vol. 8, pp. 63-79. Available via Online
Resource Button.
Warriors and churchmen in the high middle ages: essays presented to Karl Leyser -Timothy Reuter, Ebooks Corporation Limited, 1992
Book | J. Gillingham, Conquering Kings: Some Twelfth Century Reflections on Henry IIand Richard I
Writing medieval biography, 750-1250: essays in honour of Professor Frank Barlow - DavidBates, Julia C. Crick, Sarah Hamilton, Frank Barlow, 2006
Book | Chapter: N. Vincent, The Strange Case of the Missing Biographies : the lives ofthe Plantaganet kings of England 1154-1274, pp. 237-257
Serious entertainments: the writing of history in twelfth-century England - Nancy F. Partner, 1977
Book | Essential | See chapter: The Scholarly Spirit, pp. 51-68
English society and the crusade, 1216-1307 - S. D. Lloyd, 1988Book | See Chapter 6
Richard Coeur de Lion and the Pas Saladin in Medieval Art - Roger Sherman Loomis, 1915Article
Richard Coeur de Lion: kingship, chivalry and war in the twelfth century - John Gillingham,1994
Book | Please read , Some Legends of Richard the Lionheart: Their Development and
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of Glasgow
Influence
Richard Coeur de Lion in history and myth - Janet L. Nelson, 1992Book
RICHARD THE LIONHEART AND THE BIRTH OF A NATIONAL CULT OF St GEORGE INENGLAND: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LEGEND - Laborderie, Olivier de, Jan 1, 1995
Article
Saladin and the Growth of Jihad (7 items)
The Crusades: Islamic perspectives - Carole Hillenbrand, c1999Book
History: The first hundred years: XVIII: The Rise of Saladin, 1169-1189 - HAR Gibb, 1969Webpage
The Oxford illustrated history of the crusades - Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith,1995
Book | Chapter: R .Irwin, Islam and the Crusades 1096-1699
The Holy War - Thomas Patrick Murphy, Ohio State University. Center for Medieval andRenaissance Studies, Conference on medieval and renaissance studies, 1976
Book | Essential | Chapter: W. M. Watt, Islamic Conceptions of Holy War
Saladin: the politics of the holy war - M. C. Lyons, D. E. P. Jackson, 1982Book | See chapter 13, Empire Building and Holy War
Saladin and the fall of Jerusalem - Stanley Lane-Poole, c2002Book | See chapters 9-12.
The Meeting of two worlds: cultural exchange between East and West during the period ofthe Crusades - Vladimir P. Goss, Christine Verzár Bornstein, Michigan Consortium forMedieval and Early Modern Studies, University of Michigan. Medieval and RenaissanceCollegium, Western Michigan University. Medieval Institute, 1986
Book | Chapter: Y. Katzir, The Conquests of Jerusalem 1099 and 1187 : HistoricalMemory and Religious Typology
Henry II, Richard and the Angevin Empire (10 items)
Henry II - W. L. Warren, 2000Book | The standard biography, with much of value not only on Richard’s relations with
Henry II, but also on the nature of government, law and the Angevin empire and itsgovernment
Henry II: new interpretations - Christopher Harper-Bill, Nicholas Vincent, 2007Book | See: pp. 46-51
Oxford DNB article: Henry II - Thomas Keefe
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Webpage
The loss of Normandy (1189-1204): studies in the history of the Angevin Empire - F. M.Powicke, 1913
Book | The most detailed account of Richard’s wars against Philip from 1194-99
The Angevin empire - John Gillingham, NetLibrary, Inc, 2001Book
The Problem of Survival for the Angevin "Empire": Henry II's and His Sons' Vision versusLate Twelfth-Century Realities - Ralph V. Turner, 1995-02
Article
Feudal empires: Norman and Plantagenet - John Le Patourel, Michael Jones, 1984Book | Chapter: J. Le Patourel, Angevin Successions and the Angevin Empire
The Plantagenet Dominions - John Patourel, 1965-01Article
The Idea of the Angevin Empire - Bernard S. Bachrach, 1978-24Article
The Angevin Empire | History TodayWebpage
A Turbulent Duchy? Richard and Aquitaine (18 items)
Ricardus Dux Aquitanorum et Comes Andegavorum - R.V. Turner, 1999Article | See: R. V. Turner, Ricardus Dux Aquitanorum et Comes Andegavorum, Haskins
Society Journal 1999, 13, pp. 151-173. Available via Online Resource Button.
The world of Eleanor of Aquitaine: literature and society in southern France between theeleventh and thirteenth centuries - Marcus Graham Bull, Catherine Léglu, 2005
Book | See: J. Gillingham, Norman and English Views of Aquitaine, c. 1152- c. 1204, pp.57-81. Available via Online Resource Button.
The world of Eleanor of Aquitaine: literature and society in southern France between theeleventh and thirteenth centuries - Marcus Graham Bull, Catherine Léglu, 2005
Book
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book | See: Chapter 3, Aquitaine and Chapter 4, War without Love
The reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin Empire, 1189-1199 - Ralph V. Turner,Richard R. Heiser, 2000
Book | See chapter 2, The Character of the Angevin Empire
Castles, castellans and the structure of politics in Poitou, 1152– 1271 - Robert Hajdu,1978-01
Article |
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A Forty Years War: Toulouse and the Plantagenets, 1156-96 - Richard Benjamin,2008-06-28
Article
The world of the troubadours: medieval Occitan society, c. 1100-c. 1300 - Linda M.Paterson, 1993
Book
Ermengard of Narbonne and the world of the troubadours - Fredric Lawrence Cheyette,c2001
Book
The Houses of Lusignan and Chatellerault 1150-1250 - Sidney Painter, 1955-07Article
The Lords of Lusignan in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries - Sidney Painter, 1957-01Article
Both Sidney Painter articles above have also been reprinting in the following book:
Feudalism and liberty: articles and addresses of Sidney Painter - Sidney Painter, Fred A.Cazel, c1961
Book | See: S. Painter, The Houses of Lusignan and Chatellerault and S. Painter, TheLords of Lusignan in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Henry The Young King -- Britannica AcademicWebpage
Henry the young king, 1155-1183 - Matthew Strickland, 2016Book
Henry II's Heir: the Acta and Seal of Henry the Young King, 1170-83(*)Article
The death of kings: royal deaths in medieval England - Michael Evans, 2002Book | See: Chapter 4, Father and Son. Available via Online Resource Button.
The poems of the troubadour Bertran de Born - William D. Paden, Tilde Sankovitch, PatriciaH. Stäblein, Bertran, c1986
Book
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (14 items)
Henry II of England and the Holy Land - Hans Eberhard Mayer, 1982Article
England and the Crusades, 1095-1588 - Christopher Tyerman, 1988Book | See chapter 2: Henry II – The King over the Water
Latin Syria and the West, 1149-1187 - R. C. Smail, 1969
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of Glasgow
Article
The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades - P. M. Holt, 1977Book | See: R.C. Smail, The International Status of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem,
1150-92. Available via Online Resource Button.
The Second Crusade: scope and consequences - Jonathan Phillips, Martin Hoch, 2001Book | The Price of Failure: the Second Crusade as a Turning Point in the History of the
Latin East
Defenders of the Holy Land: relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119-1187 -Jonathan Phillips, Oxford University Press, 1996
Book | Essential
The leper king and his heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem - BernardHamilton, c2000
Book | Essential
The leper king and his heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem - BernardHamilton, c2000
Book | Essential
Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria - Maya Shatzmiller, c1993Book | Chapter: P. Edbury, Propaganda and Faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: The
Background to Hattin
Outremer: studies in the history of the crusading kingdom of Jerusalem presented toJoshua Prawer - Joshua Prawer, B. Z. Kẹdar, R. C. Mayer, R. C. Smail, 1982
Book | Chapter: The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan, 1183-87
History: The first hundred years: XIX: The Decline and Fall of Jerusalem, 1174-1189 - M WBaldwin
Webpage
Religious motivation: biographical and sociological problems for the church historian :papers read at the sixteenth summer meeting and the seventeenth winter meeting of theEcclesiastical History Society - Derek Baker, Ecclesiastical History Society. SummerMeeting, Ecclesiastical History Society. Winter Meeting, 1978
Book | See: B. Hamilton, The Elephant of Christ: Reynald of Chatillon, pp. 97-108.Available via Online Resource Button.
Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages - Dawson Books, 2006Book | Chapter: M. Milwright, Reynald of Chatillon and the Red Sea Expedition of 1182-3
Saladin: the politics of the holy war - M. C. Lyons, D. E. P. Jackson, 1982Book | Chapter 15, Preparations and Chapter 16, Hattin
Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre (11 items)
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of Glasgow
Jerusalem in the time of the crusades: society, landscape and art in the Holy City underFrankish rule - Adrian J. Boas, 2001
Book
The centrality of Jerusalem: historical perspectives - Marcel Poorthuis, Ch Safrai, c1996Book | Chapter: Y. Friedman, The City of the King of Kings: Jerusalem in the Crusader
Period
Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East - A J BoasBook
The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval West: from the beginning to 1600 - Colin Morris,Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2005
Book | Essential
The tomb of Christ - Martin Biddle, 1999Book | Essential
Renaissance and renewal in Christian history: papers read at the fifteenth summermeeting and the sixteenth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society - DerekBaker, Ecclesiastical History Society. Summer Meeting, Ecclesiastical History Society.Winter Meeting, 1977
Book | See: B. Hamilton, Rebuilding Zion: the Holy Places of Jerusalem in the TwelfthCentury, pp. 105-116. Available via Online Resource Button.
The Impact of Crusader Jerusalem on Western Christendom - Bernard Hamilton, 1994Article
Crusader art: the art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land, 1099-1291 - Jaroslav Folda, 2008Book
Crusader art in the twelfth century - Jaroslav Folda, British School of Archaeology inJerusalem, 1982
Book
The churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a corpus - Denys Pringle, 1993-2009Book
Jerusalem in History: Notes on the origins of the city and its traditions of tolerance - Asali,K J, Fall 1994
Article | See chapter: Crusader Jerusalem, 1099-1187
The Battle of Hattin and Muslim Armies (12 items)
Hattin - John France, 2015Book | Essential | A good new introduction, setting the battle in its longer historical
perspective.
The Horns ofH
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attīn - B. Z. Kẹdar, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference,Hevrahla-hakirat Erets-Yiśra'elve-ʻatikoteha, c1992
Book | Chapter: B.Z. Kedar, The Battle of Hattin Revisited
An Account of the Battle of Hattin Referring to the Frankish Mercenaries in OrientalMoslem States - Jean Richard, 1952-04
Article
Crusader institutions - Joshua Prawer, 1980Book | See: The Battle of Hattin
The Horns ofHattīn - B. Z. Kẹdar, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference,Hevrahla-hakirat Erets-Yiśra'elve-ʻatikoteha, c1992
Book | Please read: .W. J. Hamblin, Saladin and Muslim Military Theory
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of Glasgow
The Horns ofHattīn - B. Z. Kẹdar, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference,Hevrahla-hakirat Erets-Yiśra'elve-ʻatikoteha, c1992
Book | Saladin’s Hattin Letter
Hattin 1187: Saladin's greatest victory - David Nicolle, 1993Book
Saladin and the Saracens: armies of the Middle East 1100-1300 - David Nicolle, 1986Book | Essential
Saracen faris 1050-1250 AD - David Nicolle, 1994Book | Essential
Saladin: leadership, strategy, conflict - David Nicolle, Peter Dennis, 2011Book | Essential
The Armies of Saladin - HAR Gibb, 1951Article | See photocopy available from MJS
The True Cross and the Kings of Jerusalem - D Gerish, 1996Article
Catastrophe in the East: Preaching the Third Crusade (24 items)
Gerald and the Preaching Tour of Wales (2 items)
The autobiography of Gerald of Wales - Harold Edgeworth Butler, C. H. Williams, JohnGillingham, Giraldus, 2005
Book | Essential | See: pp. 99-101
Oxford DNB article: Baldwin of Forde - C Holdsworth
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of Glasgow
Webpage
Preaching and Propaganda (12 items)
The crusades: idea and reality, 1095-1274 - Louise Riley-Smith, Jonathan SimonChristopher Riley-Smith, 1981
Book | See: Gregory VIII’s bull Audita Tremendi, pp. 64-7
God's war: a new history of the Crusades - Christopher Tyerman, 2006Book | Chapter 12, The Call of the Cross
The preaching of the crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270 - Cole, Penny J., 1991.Book
Preaching the Crusades: mendicant friars and the cross in the thirteenth century -Christoph T. Maier, 1994
Book
Criticism of crusading, 1095-1274 - Elizabeth Siberry, 1985Book
Deus non vult: A Critic of the Third Crusade - G FlahiffArticle
The church and war: papers read at the twenty-first summer meeting and thetwenty-second winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society - W. J. Sheils,Ecclesiastical History Society. Summer Meeting, Ecclesiastical History Society. WinterMeeting, 1983
Book | See: C. Morris, Propaganda for war: the dissemination of the crusading ideal inthe twelfth century, pp.79-101. Available via Online Resource Button.
The Crusades and their sources: essays presented to Bernard Hamilton - William G. Zajac,John France, 1998
Book | Chapter: C. Morris, Picturing the Crusades
Studies in medieval history presented to R.H.C. Davis - R. H. C. Davis, Henry Mayr-Harting,R. I. Moore, 1985
Book | See: R.W. Southern, Peter of Blois and the Third Crusade. Available via OnlineResource Button.
The Horns ofHattīn - B. Z. Kẹdar, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference,H
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of Glasgow
evrahla-hakirat Erets-Yiśra'elve-ʻatikoteha, c1992
Book | Chapter: M. Markowski, Peter of Blois and the Conception of the Third Crusade
The Oxford History of the Crusades - Jonathan Riley-SmithBook | Chapter: M. Routledge, Songs
The Holy War - Thomas Patrick Murphy, Ohio State University. Center for Medieval andRenaissance Studies, Conference on medieval and renaissance studies, 1976
Book | Chapter: R. L. Crocker, Early Crusade Songs
Crusade taxation and the Saladin Tithe (10 items)
Taxation in mediaeval England - Sydney Knox Mitchell, Sidney Painter, 1951Book
The General Tax of 1183 in the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem: Innovation orAdaptation? - Benjamin Z. Kedar, 1974
Article
The Text of the Ordinance of 1184 concerning an Aid for the Holy Land - W. E. Lunt, 1922Article
The Tax of 1185 in Aid of the Holy Land - Fred A. Cazel, 1955-07Article
For the broader debate on the nature of crusading in the later twelfth century, see:
Contesting the Crusades - Norman Housley, 2006Book | Essential | Chapters 1 and 3
The Crusades from the perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim world - Angeliki E. Laiou,Roy P. Mottahedeh, c2001
Book | Chapter: G. Constable, The Historiography of the Crusades, pp. 1-22
What were the crusades? - Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith, 2009Book | Essential
The invention of the Crusades - Christopher Tyerman, 1998Book
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of Glasgow
The Formation of the ‘Crusade Idea’ - E. O. Blake, 1970-1Article
The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa (9 items)
The crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: the history of the expedition of the EmperorFrederick and related texts - G. A. Loud, Frederick, c2010
Book | Essential | Collected sources, with valuable introduction.
History: The later Crusades, 1189-1311: III: The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa andHenry VI - E. N. Johnson
Webpage
In laudem hierosolymitani: studies in Crusades and medieval culture in honour of BenjaminZ. Kedar - Iris Shagrir, Roni Ellenblum, Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith, B. Z. Kẹdar, c2007
Book | See: A. V. Murray, Finance and Logistics of the Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa,pp. 357-368. Available via Online Resource Button.
Frederick Barbarossa: a prince and the myth - John B. Freed, 2016Book | Chapter 17: The Third Crusade
Frederick Barbarossa: a study in medieval politics - Peter Munz, 1969Book | See: Chapter 9
Emperor Frederick I, the Third Crusade, and the Jews - Robert Chazan, Jan 1, 1977Article
England and Germany in the High Middle Ages: in honour of Karl J. Leyser - Hanna Vollrath,Karl J. Leyser, Alfred Haverkamp, German Historical Institute in London, 1996
Book | Chapter: R. Hiestand, Kingship and Crusade in Twelfth Century Germany,pp.235-265
Germany in the high Middle Ages, c.1050-1200 - Horst Fuhrmann, 1986Book
The origins of modern Germany - Geoffrey Barraclough, 1947Book | Chapters 8 and 9
Sacral Kingship: The Coronation of Richard (10 items)
Coronation: a history of kingship and the British monarchy - Roy Strong, 2005Book | Chapters 1 and 2
Angevin kingship - J.E.A. Jolliffe, 1955Book | Chapter 1
A history of the English coronation - Percy Ernst Schramm, 1937
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of Glasgow
Book
The Coronation Ceremony in Mediaeval England - P. L. Ward, 1939-04Article
Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250 - Karl J. Leyser, 1982Book | Chapter: K Leyser, Some Reflections on Twelfth-Century Kings and Kingship
THE CORONATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND: The Evolution of the Office and the Oath - H. G.RICHARDSON, 1960
Article
The king's two bodies: a study in mediaeval political theology - Ernst Hartwig Kantorowicz,1997, c1957.
Book
Medieval Symbolology of the State: Percy E. Schramm's Contribution - J M Bak, Jan 1, 1973Article
Coronations - Janos Bak, 1990Webpage | Especially the introductory essay by J. Nelson, Coronation Studies
The King's Serjeants and Officers of State with their Coronation services - John HoraceRound, 1911
Book
Pogrom: The Massacres of the Jews in 1189-90 (15 items)
The Jews of medieval York and the massacre of March 1190 - R. B. Dobson, 1974Book | Essential
The king's Jews: money, massacre and exodus in medieval England - Robin R. Mundill,2010
Book | Essential
England and Germany in the High Middle Ages: in honour of Karl J. Leyser - Hanna Vollrath,Karl J. Leyser, Alfred Haverkamp, German Historical Institute in London, 1996
Book | See: P. R. Hyams, The Jews in Medieval England, 1066-1290,pp. 173-192.Available via Online Resource Button.
Anglo-Norman Studies 25: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2002 - John GillinghamBook | Chapter: M. Kennedy, Faith in the One God Flowed over you from the Jews:
William of Newburgh’s Writings on Anti-Jewish Violence
Richard of Devizes and Fictions of Judaism - ANTHONY P. BALE, 2000-12Article
Christian attitudes toward the Jews in the Middle Ages: a casebook - Michael Frassetto,
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of Glasgow
c2007Book | Chapter: Henry II, William of Newburgh, and the development of English
anti-Judaism, pp. 162-182
Richard of Devizes and the Alleged Martyrdom of a Boy at Winchester - P Allin, 1980Article
Further Reading (8 items)
The Jews of Angevin England: documents and records from Latin and Hebrew sourcesprinted and manuscript for the first time collected and translated - Joseph Jacobs, 1893
Book | A valuable selection of sources, including record material and Jewish chronicles
The English Jewry under Angevin kings - H. G. Richardson, 1960Book
The Medieval York Jewry Reconsidered - BARRIE DOBSON, 2000-12Article
Anti-Jewish Literature and Attitudes in the Twelfth Century - V FlintArticle | Please read: Part 1 (pp. 39-57) and Part 2 (pp. 183-205)
THE JEWS AND THE ARCHIVES OF ANGEVIN ENGLAND: REFLECTIONS ON MEDIEVALANTI-SEMITISM - GAVIN I. LANGMUIR, 1963
Article
Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder - Gavin I. Langmuir, 1984-10Article
The Crusading Movement and its Bearing on the Christian Attitude towards Jewry - HLiebschutz, 1959
Article
Relations between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages - H Liebschutz, 1965Article
Regency and the Succession Question (17 items)
The reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin Empire, 1189-1199 - Ralph V. Turner,Richard R. Heiser, 2000
Book | See: Chapter 7
The Extent of the Lionheart's Folly: Richard I's arrangements for Count John andArchbishop Geoffrey prior to the Third Crusade - Richard R Heiser, Jan 1, 1999
Article
Richard the Lionheart, Otto of Brunswick and the Earldom of York: Northern England andthe Angevin Succession - A. V. Murray, 1994
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Article | Article is not part of a Library Subscription
Oxford DNB article: Longchamp, William de - Ralph TurnerWebpage
The itinerary of King Richard I: with studies on certain matters of interest connected withhis reign - L. Landon, 1935
Book | See: Appendix F, The Movements of William de Longchamps
The Origins of the Longchamp family - D Balfour, 1997Article | Article is not part of a Library Subscription
Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham - Geoffrey Vaughan Scammell, 1956Book
William Marshal: knighthood, war and chivalry, 1147-1219 - David Crouch, Dawson Books,2002
Book | Essential
Oxford DNB article: Marshal, William (I) - David CrouchWebpage
Richard I and His Appointments to English Shrievalties - Richard R. Heiser, 1997Article
The Sheriffs of Richard I : Trends of management as seen in the Shrieval Appointmentsfrom 1189 to 1194 - R Heiser, 1992
Article
Castles, Constables, and Politics in Late Twelfth-Century English Governance - Richard R.Heiser, 2000-21
Article
Counting Those Who Count: A Computer Assisted Analysis of the Charter Witness Lists and the Itinerant Court in the First year of the reign of Richard I - T.K. Keefe, 1989
Article
The Courting Game: Rank Order Witness Lists in the Early Charters of King Richard I, 1189-90 - T.K. Keefe, 1997
Article | See: Medieval Prosopography, vol. 18, pp.93-108. Available via Online ResourceButton.
Men raised from the dust: administrative service and upward mobility in Angevin England -Ralph V. Turner, c1988
Book
The justiciarship in England, 1066-1232 - Francis James West, 1966Book
The English Revenue of Richard I - NICK BARRATTArticle
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Queen Eleanor (13 items)The secondary literature on Eleanor is extensive, but of very mixed quality. It is thereforestill more essential that where possible you work from the primary sources.However, there are now two good, scholarly biographies available, and the work of J.Martindale is essential reading:
Eleanor of Aquitaine: queen and rebel - Jean Flori, 2007Book | Essential
Eleanor of Aquitaine - Ralph V. Turner, Askews & Holts Library Services, 2009Book | Essential
Oxford DNB article: Eleanor of Aquitaine - Jane MartindaleWebpage
Richard Coeur de Lion in history and myth - Janet L. Nelson, 1992Book | Chapter, J. Martindale, Eleanor of Aquitaine
King John: new interpretations - S. D. Church, 1999Book | See chapter: J. Martindale, Eleanor of Aquitaine: the Last Years
Also valuable (8 items)
Eleanor of Aquitaine: lord and lady - John Carmi Parsons, Bonnie Wheeler, 2002Book | Essential | A good new collection of papers, including:
E.A. R.Brown, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine Reconsidered’;M. Hivergneaux,‘Queen Eleanor and Aquitaine, 1137-1189’;R. V. Turner, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine in the Governments of her Sons Richard and John’;L. Huneycutt,‘Eleanor and Her Anglo-Norman Predecessors as Queens of England’;P. McCracken, ‘Scandalizing Desire: Eleanor and the Chroniclers’;J. Martindale,‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and a “Queenly Court”?’
The Letters of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine to Pope Celestine III - Queen Eleanor, PopeCelestine III, Beatrice A Lees, 1906
Article
Eleanor of Aquitaine and her children: an inquiry into medieval family attachment - RalphV. Turner, 1988-01
Article
The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine - H. G. Richardson, 1959Article
Eleanor of Aquitaine, patron and politician - William W. Kibler, c1976Book | Chapter: E. A. R. Brown, Eleanor of Aquitaine: parent, queen and duchess
Women of the twelfth century - Georges Duby, 1997-1998
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of Glasgow
Book | Chapter: G. Duby, Eleanor
Eleanor of Aquitaine: queen and legend - D. D. R. Owen, c1993Book
Some Legends Concerning Eleanor of Aquitaine - Frank McMinn Chambers, 1941-10Article
Consorts and Queens (11 items)
For Berengaria: (11 items)
Richard I and Berengaria of Navarre - JOHN GILLINGHAM, 1980-11Article
Berengaria: in search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen - Ann Trindade, c1999Book
Oxford DNB article: Berengaria - Elizabeth HallamWebpage
See also Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entries for Joanna and Matilda:
Oxford DNB article: Matilda - Marjorie ChibnallWebpage
Oxford DNB article: Joan - Michael JonesWebpage
The daughters of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine - Colette Bowie, 2014Book
Medieval queenship - John Carmi Parsons, 1994Book
Queens and queenship in medieval Europe: proceedings of a conference held at King'sCollege London, April 1995 - Anne Duggan, 1997
Book
'Images of Queenship in the High Middle Ages - L Huneycutt, 1989Article
Medieval mothering - John Carmi Parsons, Bonnie Wheeler, 1996Book | Chapter: L.Huneycutt, Public Lives, Private Ties: Royal Mothers in England and
Scotland, 1070-1204
Richard’s Fleet and Preparations for the Crusade (45 items)
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of Glasgow
England and the Crusades, 1095-1588 - Christopher Tyerman, 1988Book | See: Chapter 3
Richard I, Galley-Warfare and Portsmouth: The Beginnings of a Royal Navy - J GillinghamChapter | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Richard I, Galley-Warfare and Portsmouth: The
Beginnings of a Royal Navy
William de Wrotham and the Office of Keeper of the King's Ports and Galleys - F. W. Brooks, 1925
Article
The Administration of the Navy and the Stannaries, 1189–1216 - W. R. POWELL, 1956Article
The safeguard of the sea: a naval history of Britain, Vol. 1- - N. A. M. Rodger, NationalMaritime Museum (Great Britain), 1997-
Book | Chapters 3 and 5
Commerce, shipping and naval warfare in the medieval Mediterranean - John H. Pryor,1987
Book | Chapter J.H. Pryor, The Transportation of Horses by Sea during the Era of theCrusades. Also includes: The Naval Architecture of Crusader Transport Ships
Logistics of warfare in the Age of the Crusades: proceedings of a workshop held at theCentre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney, 30 September to 4 October 2002 - JohnH. Pryor, c2006
Book
For wider context see: (6 items)
Geography, technology and war: studies in the maritime history of the Mediterranean,649-1571 - John H. Pryor, 1988
Book
Naval power and trade in the Mediterranean, A.D.500-1100 - Archibald R. Lewis, 1951Book
The Northern Seas: shipping and commerce in Northern Europe A.D. 300-1100 - ArchibaldR. Lewis, 1958
Book
European naval and maritime history, 300-1500 - Archibald R Lewis, c1985.Book | Chapters 2-5
For background to the fleet's intervention in Portugal, see:
Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese relations - Edgar Prestage, 1971Book | Chapter: H.A.R. Gibb, English Crusaders in Portugal, pp. 1-23
Richard as Pilgrim and the Meeting with Joachim (5 items)
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APOCALYPTIC CONVERSION: THE JOACHITE ALTERNATIVE TO THE CRUSADES - E. R. DANIEL, 1969
Article
Antichrist: two thousand years of the human fascination with evil - Bernard McGinn, c2000Book | See: Chapter 5, pp. 114-142. Available via Online Resource Button.
The play of Antichrist - John Wright, 1967Book
Apocalyptic spirituality: treatises and letters of Lactantius, Adso of Montier-en-Der, Joachimof Fiore, the Franciscan spirituals, Savonarola - Lactantius, 1980
Book | See: Part III which contains selected extracts from Joachim’s works.
Pilgrimage: the English experience from Becket to Bunyan - Colin Morris, Peter Roberts,c2002
Book | See: N. Vincent, The pilgrimages of the Angevin kings of England 1154-1272, pp.12-45. Available via Online Resource Button.
Richard I and Sicily (10 items)
The Norman kingdom of Sicily - Donald Matthew, 1992Book | Essential | The latest and most authoritative book, with extensive bibliography.
See chapters 10-12 in particular and cf. 5, 7-9.
History: The later Crusades, 1189-1311: I: The Norman Kingdom of Sicily and the CrusadesWebpage
The kingdom in the sun, 1130-1194 - John Julius Norwich, c1970Book | Essential | The best introduction; an exciting narrative history, with useful short
discussions of the sources. Chapters 17-21.
The above book has also been republished with its earlier companion volume, TheNormans in the South, as a single volume:
The Normans in Sicily: The Normans in the south 1016-1130 and,The kingdom in the sun1130-1194 - John Julius Norwich, 1992
Book | Essential
The Sicilian Kingdom in the Mind of Anglo-Norman Contemporaries - E Jamison, 1938Article
Alliance of England and Sicily in the Second Half of the 12th Century - Evelyn Jamison,1943
Article
A Model State in the Middle Ages: The Norman and Swabian Kingdom of Sicily - AntonioMarongiu, 1964
Article
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of Glasgow
Frederick II: a medieval emperor - David Abulafia, 2002Book | Chapters 1 and 2, The Norman Ingeritance and The German Inheritance:
Frederic Barbarossa and Henry VI offer a good background survey
Italy, Sicily and the Mediterranean, 1100-1400 - David Abulafia, 1987Book
Richard and Philip Augustus (6 items)
Philip Augustus: King of France, 1180-1223 - Jim Bradbury, 1998Book | Essential | Chapters 3 and 4
The government of Philip Augustus: foundations of French royal power in the Middle Ages -John W. Baldwin, American Council of Learned Societies, c1986
Book | Essential | Especially chapter 5, The Ill-Fortunes of War
Paris, 1200 - John W. Baldwin, c2010Book
The past as text:the theory and practice of medieval historiography - Gabrielle Spiegel,1997
Book | Chapter: G. Spiegel, The Cult of St Denis and Capetian Kingship
La France de Philippe Auguste: le temps des mutations : actes du colloque internationalorganisé par le C.N.R.S. (Paris, 29 septembre-4 octobre 1980) - Robert-Henri Bautier,Centre national de la scientifique (France), 1982
Book | Chapter J. Richard, Philippe Auguste, La Croisade et le Royaume, pp. 411-428
La croisade: réalités et fictions : actes du Colloque d'Amiens, 18-22 mars 1987 - DanielleBuschinger, Colloque d'Amiens, 1989
Book | Chapter: B. Levy, Pelerins rivaux de la 3me croisade; les personnages des roisd’Angleterre et de France d’apres les chroniques d’Ambroise et d’”Ernoul” et la récit Anglo-Normand de la Croisadeet Mort Richard Coeur de Lion
Richard and Cyprus (11 items)
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book | Chapter 9, The Conquest of Cyprus
The Byzantines and Saladin, 1185-1192: Opponents of the Third Crusade - Charles M.Brand, 1962-04
Article
The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374 - P. W. Edbury, 1991Book | Essential | Chapters 1- 4
History: The later Crusades, 1189-1311: XVII: The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1191-1291 - E
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of Glasgow
FurberWebpage
A history of Cyprus - G. F. Hill, Harry Luke, 1940-52Book
Richard the Lion-Heart and Byzantium - J Brundage, 1970Article | See: Studies in Medieval Culture, vol.6-7, pp.63-70. Available via Online
Resource Button.
Richard Coeur de Lion in history and myth - Janet L. Nelson, 1992Book | See: J.O. Prestwich, Richard Coeur de Lion: Rex Bellicosus, pp. 1-16. Available
via Online Resource Button.
Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096-1204 - Ralph-Johannes Lilie, 1993.Book | Chapter 5
Byzantium confronts the West, 1180-1204 - Charles M. Brand, 1968.Book
Aims of the Medieval Crusades and How They Were Viewed by Byzantium - Peter Charanis,1952-6
Article
Manuel Comneus and Henry Plantagenet - A. A. Vasiliev, 1930Article
The Siege of Acre (14 items)
Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century. Oxford Historical Monographs. - R. Rogers,1992
Book | Especially valuable for its extended account of the siege of Acre
The medieval way of war: studies in medieval military history in honor of Bernard S.Bachrach - Bernard S. Bachrach, Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2015
Book | Chapter: J. H. Pryor, A Medieval Siege of Troy: The Fight to the Death at Acre,1189-1191 or The Tears of Salah al-Din
Montjoie: studies in Crusade history in honour of Hans Eberhard Mayer - Rudolf Hiestand,B. Z. Kẹdar, Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith, Hans Eberhard Mayer, c1997
Book | Chapter: B.Z. Kedar, A Western Survey of Saladin’s forces at the Siege of Acre
King Richard I and the Walls of Ascalon - Denys Pringle, 1984-07Article
The churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a corpus - Denys Pringle, 1993-2009Book | See: Volume 1: A-K.
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of Glasgow
The medieval city under siege - Ivy A. Corfis, Michael Wolfe, NetLibrary, Inc, 1999Book | Chapter: D. Pringle, Town Defences in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
Crusader castles - Hugh Kennedy, 1994Book | Essential
Crusader castles - T. E. Lawrence, 1936Book
History: The art and architecture of the crusader states: IV: Military Architecture in theCrusader States in Palestine and Syria - T.S.R. Boase
Webpage
Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East - Adrian J. Boas, EbooksCorporation Limited, 1999
Book
Castles of the Crusaders - Wolfgang Müller-Wiener, 1966Book
Crusaders' Castles of the Twelfth Century - R. C. Smail, 1951Article
The medieval city - Harry Alvin Miskimin, David Herlihy, Abraham L. Udovitch, Robert S.Lopez, 1977
Book | Chapter: J. Prawer, Crusader Cities
Studies on the Crusader States and on Venetian expansion - David Jacoby, 1989Book | Chapter: D. Jacoby, Crusader Acre in the Thirteenth Century
Laws of War and Richard’s Execution of the Acre Garrison (9 items)
HOSTAGES DURING THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE CRUSADES - Adam Kosto, 2003-04-01Article
De Sion exibit lex et verbum domini de Hierusalem: essays on medieval law, liturgy, andliterature in honour of Amnon Linder - Yitzhak Hen, Amnon Linder, c2001
Book | Chapter: Y. Friedman, Did Laws of War exist in the Crusader Kingdom ofJerusalem?
The Crusades: Islamic perspectives - Carole Hillenbrand, c1999Book | See: Chapter 8, The Conduct of War
Encounter between enemies: captivity and ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem -Yvonne Friedman, 2002
Book
The medieval way of war: studies in medieval military history in honor of Bernard S.Bachrach - Bernard S. Bachrach, Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2015
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of Glasgow
Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Crusading warfare, Chivalry and the Enslavement ofWomen and Children, pp. 133-152
For wider context:
The medieval siege - Jim Bradbury, 1992Book | See: Chapter: 10, The Conventions and Laws of Siege Warfare
The treatment of the defeated at Jerusalem (1187) and Acre (1190) is also discussed in:
Cultural Representation and the Practice of War in the Middle Ages - R Abels, 2008Article
Frankish-Muslim Relations (6 items)
The Crusades: Islamic perspectives - Carole Hillenbrand, c1999Book
THE CRUSADERS THROUGH MUSLIM EYES - Wadi' Z. Haddad, 1983-10Article
An Arab-Syrian gentleman and warrior in the period of the Crusades: memoirs ofUsamah ibn-Munqidh(Kitabal-Iʻtibar) -Usamah ibn Munqidh, Philip Khur Hitti, c2000.
Book
Usama ibn Munqidh: warrior-poet of the age of Crusades - Paul M. Cobb, 2005Book | Essential
Usama ibn Munquidh and Crusader Law in the Twelfth century - A Bishop, 2013Article
Muslim and Christian contact in the Middle Ages: a reader - 2015Book
Crusading Warfare (19 items)
For a valuable further bibliography, see:
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Crusading Warfare - Medieval Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - John France, 2010Webpage
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book | Chapters 2, 11 and 12
Crusading warfare and its adaptation to eastern conditions in the twelfth century - JohnFrance, 2000-12
Article
The medieval way of war: studies in medieval military history in honor of Bernard S.Bachrach - Bernard S. Bachrach, Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2015
Book | Chapter: B. Kedar, King Richard’s Plan for the Battle of Arsuf, 1191
Richard Lionheart: bad king, bad crusader? - Michael Markowski, 1997Article
War and government in the Middle Ages: essays in honour of J.O. Prestwich - JohnGillingham, James Clarke Holt, J. O. Prestwich, 1984
Book | See: J. Gillingham, Richard I and the Science of War in the Middle Ages, pp.78-91. Available via Online Resource Button.
And reprinted in:
Anglo-Norman warfare: studies in late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman militaryorganization and warfare - Matthew Strickland, 1992
Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Richard I and the Science of War in the Middle Age
The Crusaders' `Fighting March' Revisited - M. Bennett, 2001-01-01Article
Crusading warfare, 1097-1193 - R. C. Smail, 1995Book | Essential
Warfare in the Latin East, 1192-1291 - Christopher Marshall, 1992Book
From Clermont to Jerusalem: the Crusades and Crusader societies, 1095-1500 : selectedproceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 10-13 July 1995 -Alan V. Murray, International Medieval Congress, 1998
Book | Chapter: B. Hamilton, Baldwin the Leper as Warleader
Studies in medieval history presented to R. Allen Brown - R. Allen Brown, ChristopherHarper-Bill, C. J. Holdsworth, Janet L. Nelson, 1988
Book | Chapter: M. Bennett, La Regle du Temple a Military Manual or How to Deliver aCavalry Charge
The Use of the Charge in Battles in the Latin East, 1192–1291 - Christopher J. Marshall,1990-10
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of Glasgow
Article
A history of the art of war in the Middle Ages - Charles William Chadwick Oman, 1924Book
The art of warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages: from the eighth century to1340 - J. F. Verbruggen, NetLibrary, Inc, 1997
Book
War in the Middle Ages - Philippe Contamine, 1984Book
Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century. Oxford Historical Monographs. - R. Rogers,1992
Book | Especially valuable for its extended account of the siege of Acre (Chapter 6)
The Military Orders (14 items)
The new knighthood: a history of the Order of the Temple - Malcolm Barber, 1994Book | Essential
The Oxford history of the Crusades - Dawson Books, 1999Book | Chapter: A.Forey, The Military Orders, 1120-1312
From Clermont to Jerusalem: the Crusades and Crusader societies, 1095-1500 : selectedproceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 10-13 July 1995 -Alan V. Murray, International Medieval Congress, 1998
Book | H. Nicholson, The Military Orders and the Kings of England in the Twelfth andThirteenth Centuries
The Knights of St. John in Jerusalem and Cyprus,c.1050-1310 - Jonathan Simon ChristopherRiley-Smith, 1967
Book
The Horns ofHattīn - B. Z. Kẹdar, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Conference,Hevrahla-hak
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of Glasgow
irat Erets-Yiśra'elve-ʻatikoteha, c1992
Book | Chapter: M. Barber, Supplying the Crusader States: the Role of the Templars
The military orders from the twelfth to the early fourteenth centuries - Alan Forey, c1992Book
Military orders and crusades - Alan Forey, 1994Book
The Military Order of St Thomas of Acre - A. J. Forey, 1977Article
Templars, Hospitallers, and Teutonic Knights: images of the military orders, 1128-1291 -Helen J. Nicholson, 1993
Book
The military orders: fighting for the faith and caring for the sick - Malcolm Barber, 1994Book
The military orders: Vol. 2: Welfare and warfare - Helen J. Nicholson, Malcolm Barber, 1998Book
The Templars: selected sources - Malcolm Barber, A. K. Bate, c2002Book
The Knights Templar: a brief history of the warrior order - Helen J. Nicholson, 2010Book
The Knights Hospitaller - Helen J. Nicholson, 2001Book
Peace and the Politics of Outremer (5 items)
Richard Lionheart: bad king, bad crusader? - Michael Markowski, 1997Article | Chapter 12
Saladin: the politics of the holy war - M. C. Lyons, D. E. P. Jackson, 1982Book | See: Chapter 21
La cour Plantagenêt (1154-1204): actes du colloque tenu à Thouars du 30 avril au 2 mai1999 - Martin Aurell, Université de Poitiers. Centre d'études supérieures de civilisationmédiévale, 2000
Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Royal Newsletters, Forgeries and English Historians: SomeLinks Between Court and History in the Reign of Richard I
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of Glasgow
The assassins: a radical sect in Islam - Bernard Lewis, 1967Book | Essential
The castles of the Assassins - Peter Willey, 1963Book
Richard’s Captivity and Ransom (14 items)
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book | Chapters 13 and 14
England without Richard, 1189-1199 - John Tate Appleby, 1965Book | Chapters 5 and 6.
The reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin Empire, 1189-1199 - Ralph V. Turner,Richard R. Heiser, 2000
Book | See: Chapter 7
The Kidnapped King: Richard I in Germany, 1192-4 - J Gillingham, 2008Article
Auxilia historica: Festschrift für Peter Acht zum 90. Geburtstag - Peter Acht, LudwigHolzfurtner, Walter Koch, Alois Schmid, Wilhelm Volkert, 2001
Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, William of Newburgh and Emperor Henry VI
A Ghost Ship called Frankenef: King Richard I's German Itinerary - Hans Eberhard Mayer,2000
Article
The English Revenue of Richard I - Nick Barratt, 2001Article
Studies in medieval history presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke - F. M. Powicke,Richard William Hunt, 1948
Book | Chapter: A. L. Poole, Richard I’s Alliances with the German Princes in 1194
Frederick Barbarossa: a study in medieval politics - Peter Munz, 1969Book | Chapter 9
History: The later Crusades, 1189-1311: III: The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa andHenry VI - P Muntz
Webpage
Germany in the high Middle Ages, c.1050-1200 - Horst Fuhrmann, 1986Book | Chapter 5
The origins of modern Germany - Geoffrey Barraclough, 1946Book | Chapters 8 and 9.
Henry the Lion: a biography - Karl Jordan, 1986
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Book
Epopées, légendes et miracles - 1974Book | Chapter: J. K. Archibald, La Chanson de Captivité du roi Richard
Richard’s Final Years and Legacy (13 items)
The reign of Richard Lionheart: ruler of the Angevin Empire, 1189-1199 - Ralph V. Turner,Richard R. Heiser, 2000
Book | Chapters 8 and 12
Oxford DNB article: Walter, Hubert - Robert StaceyWebpage
Hubert Walter - C. R. Cheney, 1967Book
Hubert Walter, lord of Canterbury and lord of England - Charles R. Young, 1968Book
The Historian as Judge: William of Newburgh and Hubert Walter - John Gillingham, 2004Article
Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall's Account of the Last Years of King Richard and the First Yearsof King John - Ralph of Coggeshall, D. A. Carpenter, 1998
Article
THE BEARDED REVOLUTIONARY - G W S Barrow, Oct 1, 1969Article
Oxford DNB article: William fitz Osbert - Derek KeeneWebpage
For Richard's final campaign:
Richard I - John Gillingham, c1999Book | Chapter 18, Death and Repentance
The Unromantic Death of Richard I - John Gillingham, 1979-01Article
And reprinted in:
Richard Coeur de Lion: kingship, chivalry and war in the twelfth century - John Gillingham,1994
Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, The Unromantic Death of Richard I
Part I: Principal Angevin narratives for the study of the crusade (97 items)
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1. Roger of Howden (sometimes formerly rendered as Hoveden)Chronica (Chronicle) (17 items)A royal clerk, administrator and diplomat in the service of Henry II then Richard I, Rogeraccompanied Richard on crusade, returning on the king’s orders with Philip Augustus in1191. He was a parson of Howden in Yorkshire, and was a supporter of Bishop Hugh Puisetof Durham, one of the men entrusted with the governance of England during Richard'sabsence. He served as an ambassador to Rome and to Scotland, and was rewarded for hisservices by William the Lion, king of Scots, who made him a canon of Glasgow cathedral.
The most important chronicler of the period, Howden's Chronica (Chronicle) is a revisedand often substantially abridged version of the Gesta Henrici Secundi et Ricardi Primi (TheDeeds of Henry II and Richard I). The Gesta, covering the years 1170-1192 and largelywritten up year by year, was previously thought to have been written by Benedict, abbotof Peterborough, but close examination by David Corner has show conclusively that theGesta and the Chronica were written by Roger of Howden. The Chronica adds somematerial (only of limited value) pre 1170, but is very important as a continuation of theGesta from 1192 to 1201, when Howden probably died.
For the Third Crusade, the Gesta is a very important and directly contemporary source, asHowden was an eye witness to much of Richard’s expedition before August 1191.Unfortunately, only his revised version, the Chronica, is available in translation, but thisstill gives us most of the relevant material from the Gesta relating to events from 1187 to1192
Edition: (3 items)
Gesta regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti abbatis =: The chronicle of the reigns of Henry II.and Richard I., A.D. 1169-1192 ; known commonly under the name of Benedict ofPeterborough - William Stubbs, Benedict, 1867
Book
Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene - William Stubbs, Roger, 1868-71Book
Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene - William Stubbs, Roger, 1868-71Book
Translation: (2 items)
Although the Gesta is not translated, the Latin editions of these two works have veryextensive introductions in English, which would repay reading:
The annals of Roger de Hoveden : Comprising the... - HT RileyWebpage | The relevant volumes being Vol.2, parts 1 and 2.
Essential Reading: (5 items)
Medieval historical writing in the Christian and Islamic worlds - David Morgan, 1982
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Book | Essential | See: J. Gillingham, Roger of Howden on Crusade, pp. 60-75. Availablevia Online Resource Button.
Anglo-Norman studies: proceedings of the Battle Conference, 20 - Christopher Harper-Bill,Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, 1998
Book | Essential | See: Chapter: J. Gillingham, The Travels of Roger of Howden and hisView of the Irish, Scots and Welsh, pp. 151-70. Available via Online Resource Button.
Writing medieval biography, 750-1250: essays in honour of Professor Frank Barlow - DavidBates, Julia C. Crick, Sarah Hamilton, Frank Barlow, Dawson Books, Limits of MedievalBiography, 2006
Book | Essential | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Writing the biography of Roger of Howden,king's clerk and chronicler
Two Yorkshire Historians compared: Roger of Howden and William of Newburgh - JGillingham, 2002
Article | Essential | See: J. Gillingham, Two Yorkshire Historians compared: Roger ofHowden and William of Newburgh, Haskins Society Journal, 2002, 12, pp. 15-16. Availablevia Online Resource Button.
King John: new interpretations - S. D. Church, 1999Book | Essential | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Historians without hindsight : Coggeshall,
Diceto and Howden on the early years of John's reign, pp. 1-26, available via OnlineResource button.
Further Reading (7 items)
Anglo-Norman studies: 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998 - ChristopherHarper-Bill, Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, 1999
Book | Further | See: Chapter: M. R. Warren, Roger of Howden strikes back : investingArthur of Brittany with the Anglo-Norman future, pp. 261-72. Available via Online ResourceButton.
Roger of Howden and Benedict - Doris M Stenton, 1953Article | Further
Roger of Howden - Frank Barlow, 1950Article | Further
The Earliest Surviving Manuscripts of Roger of Howden's 'Chronica' - David Corner, Rogerof Howden, 1983
Article | Further
'The Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi and Chronica of Roger, Parson of Howden - David Corner,1983-11
Article | Further
Oxford DNB article: Howden, Roger of - David CornerWebpage | Further
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Church, chronicle and learning in Medieval and early Renaissance Scotland: essayspresented to Donald Watt on the occasion of the completion of the publication of Bower'sScotchronicon - B. E. Crawford, Donald Watt, 1999
Book | Further | Chapter: A.A. M. Duncan, Roger of Howden and Scotland, 1187-1201,pp. 135-159, available via Online Resource button.
2) William of Newburgh (d. c.1198), Historia rerum Anglicarum (TheHistory of English Affairs). (16 items)A canon of the Augustinian priory of St Mary, Newburgh (Yorkshire) who wrote animportant chronicle in the later 1190s, remarkablefor its judgement and critical sense. Itwas long hailed as the finest piece of twelfth-century English historical writing, but JohnGillingham has shown that William drew heavily on the Gesta and Chronica of Roger ofHowden. Though he adds some new material, most notably on the anti-Jewish riots of1189-90, the principal value of his Historia is his summary and far more critical analysis ofthe mass of information contained in Howden’s work.
Edition: (1 items)
Chronicles of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I - Jordan Fantosme, RichardHowlett, William, Étienne de Rouen, Richard, Aelred, Robert, Great Britain. Public RecordOffice, 1884-1889
Book | See: R. Howlett, Historia rerum Anglicarum
Translation: (5 items)
The church historians of England - Joseph Stevenson, 1853-1858Book | Vol. IV, part ii, pp. 297-672.
This is also available via the Medieval Internet Sourcebook:
Church Historians of England - J StevensonWebpage | Vol. IV, part ii, pp. 297-672
A better and more modern translation can be found below, but this translation onlyextends to Book II (up to 1174). The editors' introduction, however, and William ofNewburgh's own Preface to his work are worth studying.
The history of English affairs - P. G. Walsh, M. J. Kennedy, William, 1988-2007Book | The editors' introduction and William of Newburgh's own Preface to his work are
worth studying.
Essential reading: (5 items)
Two Yorkshire Historians compared: Roger of Howden and William of Newburgh - JGillingham, 2002
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Article | Essential
The Historian as Judge: William of Newburgh and Hubert Walter - John Gillingham, 2004Article
Anglo-Norman studies: 25: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2002 - John Gillingham,Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, 2003
Book | Essential | Chapter: M. Kennedy, "Faith in the One God Flowed over you from theJews…”: William of Newburgh’s Writings on Anti-Jewish Violence
Christian attitudes toward the Jews in the Middle Ages: a casebook - Michael Frassetto,c2007
Book | Essential | Chapter: J. Hosler, Henry II, William of Newburgh and theDevelopment of English Anti-Judaism
La cour Plantagenêt (1154-1204): actes du colloque tenu à Thouars du 30 avril au 2 mai1999 - Martin Aurell, Université de Poitiers. Centre d'études supérieures de civilisationmédiévale, 2000
Book | Essential | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Royal Newsletters, Forgeries and EnglishHistorians: Some Links Between Court and History in the Reign of Richard I
Further Reading: (5 items)
Serious entertainments: the writing of history in twelfth-century England - Nancy F. Partner, 1977
Book | Further | Chapters 2-5.
Auxilia historica: Festschrift für Peter Acht zum 90. Geburtstag - Peter Acht, LudwigHolzfurtner, Walter Koch, Alois Schmid, Wilhelm Volkert, 2001
Book | Further | Chapter: J. Gillingham, William of Newburgh and Emperor Henry VI.Photocopy available from MJS.
Life and thought in the northern church, c. 1100-c. 1700: essays in honour of Claire Cross -Claire Cross, Diana Wood, 1999
Book | Further | Chapter: P. Biller, William of Newburgh and the Cathar Mission toEngland, pp. 11-30
Oxford DNB article: Newburgh, William of - John TaylorWebpage | Further
The Date of Composition of William of Newburgh's History - Kate Norgate, 1904Article | Further
3) Gerald of Wales, also known as Giraldus Cambrensis, or Gerald deBarri (26 items)One of the greatest literary figures of the later twelfth century, he was author of many
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works, the most famous of which are the Topography of Ireland and the Journey ThroughWales. Despite being at the courts of Henry II and Richard, he felt embittered by his failureto secure a rich English bishopric or the see of St Davids. His De Instructione Principis is avitriolic and untrustworthy attack on Henry II, but contains some material of value onRichard and his relations with his father. He tells us – with characteristic hubris – that suchwas his fame as a writer that Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, intended that Geraldshould accompany him on the crusade to chronicle the great deeds done by the Latinarmies. Gerald, however, despite playing a prominent role in preaching the Third Crusadein 1188 (or so he tells us!), had himself excused from the expedition, so unfortunately welack what undoubtedly would have been a remarkable account from his pen.
Of Gerald’s extensive literary output, the following texts are particularly valuable for astudy of Henry II and Richard:
i) Expugnatio Hibernica (The Conquest of Ireland), completed in 1189 (1 items)A history of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland from 1169, dedicated by Gerald toRichard shortly before his coronation in 1189. This contains much material later re-used byGerald in his De Principis Instructione.Text and translation:
Expugnatio Hibernica: the conquest of Ireland - A. Brian Scott, F. X. Martin, GiraldusCambrensis, 1978
Book | A history of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland from 1169, dedicated byGerald to Richard shortly before his coronation in 1189. This contains much material laterre-used by Gerald in his De Principis Instructione.
ii) De Instructione Principis (Concerning the Instruction of a Prince). (2items)One of Gerald’s last works, though begun by at least the early 1190s and often revised. Inlarge part it is a bitter and highly partisan invective against Henry II, and it its final formwas written to praise the Capetian kings of France!
Edition (1 items)
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera - J. S. Brewer, James Francis Dimock, George F. Warner, Giraldus,1861-1891
Book
Translation (1 items)
The church historians of England - Joseph Stevenson, 1853-1858Book | Essential | Chapter: Gerald of Wales, De Instructione Principis, vol. 5.1 pt i.
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iii) Itinerarium Kambriae (Journey Through Wales) and the DescriptioKambriae (Description of Wales). (3 items)Gerald's account of his mission of 1188 with Archbishop Baldwin to preach the ThirdCrusade in Wales,full of circumstantial detail and tall stories.
Translation (3 items)
The journey through Wales and The description of Wales - Lewis G. M. Thorpe, GiraldusCambrensis, 1978
Book | Essential
To be read in conjunction with the below book- a finely illustrated book by Cadw (WelshHistoric Monuments), describing Gerald's route in detail and giving much informationabout twelfth century Wales and the Plantagenets
A mirror of medieval Wales: Gerald of Wales and his journey of 1188 - Charles Kightly,David M. Robinson, Cadw (Organization : Great Britain), 1988
Book
iv) De Rebus a se gestis (literally, The Deeds Done by the Himself). (2items)Gerald’s autobiography, which provides essential context for the preaching tour of 1188,and for Gerald's dealings with the Angevin court.
Edition (1 items)
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera - J. S. Brewer, James Francis Dimock, George F. Warner, Giraldus,1861-1891
Book | Volume I
Translation (1 items)
The autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis - Harold Edgeworth Butler, C. H. Williams,Giraldus Cambrensis, 1937
Book | Essential | Which also has a selection of translations from Gerald's other workswhere relevant.
v) The Life of Hugh of Avalon (18 items)
The life of St. Hugh of Avalon: Bishop of Lincoln, 1186-1200 - Richard Morgan Loomis,Giraldus Cambrensis, 1985
Book
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Gerald had close connections to Lincoln, and wrote a vita of the great Carthusian saint andbishop of Lincoln, Hugh of Avalon. There is a substantial secondary literature on Gerald,but see the following:
Gerald of Wales: 1145-1223 - Robert Bartlett, 1982Book | Essential | Provides the best modern biography, with full bibliography
This has now been reprinted in paperback as:
Gerald of Wales: a voice of the Middle Ages - Robert Bartlett, 2006Book | Essential
Oxford DNB article: Gerald of Wales - Robert BartlettWebpage
Law, laity, and solidarities: essays in honour of Susan Reynolds - Pauline Stafford, JaneMartindale, Janet L. Nelson, Susan Reynolds, 2001
Book | J. Gillingham, 'Slaves of the Normans'? Gerald de Barri and regnal solidarity inearly thirteenth-century England
Grenzgänger - Reinhard Schneider, 1998Book | Chapter: H. Pryce. A cross-border career: Giraldus Cambrensis between Wales
and England, pp. 45-60
Gerald's journey through Wales - H Pryce, 1989Article
GERALD OF WALES, 1146-1223, Part I: Early Life and Works - J J N McGurk, Apr 1, 1975Article
GERALD OF WALES, Part II: 1188-1223 - J J N McGurk, May 1, 1975Article
Further Reading (7 items)
The Christian life in the Middle Ages, and other essays - F. M. Powicke, 1935Book | Further | Chapter: F. M. Powicke, Gerald of Wales
Some Enemies of Gerald of Wales - D Knowles, 1959Article | Further | See: Studia Monastica, vol. 1, pp. 137-151. Available via Online
Resource Button.
GERALD OF WALES: A Reassessment on the 750th Anniversary of His Death - MichaelRichter, 1973
Article | Further
Giraldus Cambrensis: the growth of the Welsh nation - Michael Richter, 1976Book | Further
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Anglo-Norman studies: proceedings of the Battle Conference, 20 - Christopher Harper-Bill,Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, 1998
Book | Further | Chapter: Y. Wada, Gerald on Gerald: Self-Presentation by GiraldusCambrensis, pp. 223-46
Wales and the medieval colonial imagination: the matters of Britain in the twelfth century -Michael A. Faletra, 2014
Book | Further
Kings Behaving Badly: Images of Rulers in Gerald of Wales’ Works on Ireland (c.1200) -Laura Cleaver, 2012
Article | Further | Article not part of a library subscription.
4). Richard of Devizes (c. 1150- c. 1200), Chronicon (Chronicle) (14 items)A Benedictine monk of St Swithun's, Winchester, who produced a chronicle covering 1189to 1192, and famous for its witty invective. It is especially important for domestic politicsduring Richard’s absence on crusade, and for the struggle between John and WilliamLongchamp. Its account of the crusade is historically more unreliable, but offers a valuableinsight into perceptions of Richard’s expedition by a well educated contemporary. Hedevotes part of his chronicle to a satirical story regarding contemporary ritual murderallegations directed against the Jews, but which poses particular problems of interpretationwhich has been the study of some important scholarship.
Edition and translation: (1 items)
The chronicle of Richard of Devizes of the time of King Richard the First - John TateAppleby, Richard, 1963
Book | Essential
Oxford DNB article: Devizes, Richard of - GH MartinWebpage
Historical writing in England - Antonia Gransden, 1974-1982Book | See: Volume 1 (1974) pp. 248-52
The Middle Ages in texts and texture: reflections on Medieval sources - Jason Glenn,Robert Brentano, c2011
Book | See: Chapter: N. Partner, Richard of Devizes: the Monk who Forgot to beMedieval, pp.231-44. Available via Online Resource Button.
Richard of Devizes and the Annals of Winchester - John T. Appleby, 2007/10/12Article
The long twelfth-century view of the Anglo-Saxon past - 2015Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Richard of Devizes and a ‘Rising tide of nonesense’: how
Cerdic met King Arthur, pp. 141-158
Richard of Devizes's Menippean Satire, and the Jews of Winchester - Heather Blurton,
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2010-10Article
Richard of Devizes and Fictions of Judaism - ANTHONY P. BALE, 2000-12Article
Richard of Devizes and the Alleged Martyrdom of a Boy at Winchester - PATRICIA ALLIN,1980
Article | Article not part of a library subscription
Serious entertainments: the writing of history in twelfth-century England - Nancy F. Partner, 1977
Book | See: Chapter 6
Nasty habits - satire and the medieval monk - Edward Coleman, 1993Article
For Winchester and Devizes' background, see:
Oxford DNB article: Lucy, Godfrey de - Edmund VenablesWebpage
Winchester in the early Middle Ages: an edition and discussion of the Winton Domesday -Frank Barlow, Martin Biddle, 1976
Book
5) Ambroise, Histoire de la guerre sainte (The History of the Holy War).(13 items)Ambroise was a Norman from Evreux, formerly thought to be a jongleur or troubadour butmore probably a cleric attached to the royal household. He was almost certainly an eyewitness to the Third Crusade, and wrote his Histoire de la guerre sainte in Anglo-Normanverse c.1195-6. The relationship of this poem with the Latin Itinerarium (below, no. 6) ismuch disputed, though it seems Ambroise is the primary authority. He drew on otherworks, however, particularly for his description of the siege of Acre before the arrival ofRichard and Philip. Ambroise's poem is of central importance, not just for the study of theThird Crusade, but for the nature of Richard's leadership as king and crusader.
Edition: (1 items)
L'estoire de la Guerre Sainte: histoire en vers de la Troiseième Croisade (1190-1192) -Ambroise, 1897
Book
Translation: (1 items)1.
The history of the Holy War: Ambroise's Estoire de la guerre sainte - Marianne Ailes,Malcolm Barber, Ambroise, 2003
Book | Essential | An excellent new edition and facing translation with useful
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introduction.
Translation (1 items)2.
The crusade of Richard Lion-Heart - Ambroise, American Council of Learned Societies,1976, c1941
Book | Essential | This verse translation gives a good feel of the nature of the originalpoem, and has a valuable introduction
Remarkably little has been written on Ambroise, but see the introduction to Ailes' edition,and the following:
Writing war: medieval literary responses to warfare - Corinne J. Saunders, Françoise H. M.Le Saux, Neil Thomas, NetLibrary, Inc, 2004
Book | Chapter: M. Ailes, Heroes of War: Ambroise’s Heroes of the Third Crusade
Reading the Past Through the Present: Ambroise, the minstrel of Rheims and JordanFantosme - Catherine Hanley, 2001
Article | Article not part of a library subscription
Les festivités dans l'Estoire de la guerre sainte d'Ambroise - Jean-Jacques Croizy-NaquetArticle
Also available in print:
Feasts and Feasting in Ambroise’s Estoire de la Guerre Sainte - A Croizy-Nacquet, 2002Article
Poetry and its language: papers in honour of Teresa Bela - Marta Gibin⁺ѓska, W¿єadys¿єawWitalisz, 2012
Book | Chapter: M. Mistzal, Richard the Lionheart’s Conquest of Cyprus and itsPresentation in the Versified Estoire de la Guerre Sainte
For older views of the relationship between Ambroise and the Itinerarium see:
The 'Itinerarium Peregrinorum' and the 'Song of Ambrose' - Kate Norgate, 1910Article
Historical essays in honour of James Tait - John Goronwy Edwards, V. H. Galbraith, E. F.Jacob, James Tait, 1933
Book | Chapter: J.G. Edwards, The Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and the Estoire de la GuerreSainte
6) Richard de Templo, Itinerarium Perigrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi (Itinerary of the Pilgrims and the Deeds of King Richard) (11 items)
Richard 'de Templo' (of the Temple), was a canon and prior of the Augustinian house of
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Holy Trinity, London. Sometime between 1199 and 1220, he produced the Itinerary of thePilgrims and the Deeds of King Richard. In the main, this not an original work, but ratherthe compilation of a number of existing texts relating to the conquest of the Holy Land bySaladin and to the Third Crusade. These include a valuable anonymous account of eventsin 1187-88 concerning Hattin and its aftermath, and another of the siege of Acre beforethe arrival of the kings in 1191, probably taken from an English eye witness. For the mostpart, however, it is a translation into Latin prose of the French verse account of Ambroise,L'Estoire de la Guerre Sainte (see no. 5), en though Richard claims to have been aneyewitness, and the exact relationship between Ambroise and the Itinerarium remainsunclear. Richard's text also contains some material for Richard's later reign not found inAmbroise.
Edition: (1 items)
Chronicles and memorials of the reign of Richard I - William Stubbs, Neophytos, Ricardus,Osbernus, Canterbury Cathedral, 2012-2013
Book | Alternative title: Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi
Translations: (4 items)
Chronicle of the Third Crusade: a translation of the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gestaRegis Ricardi - Helen J. Nicholson, William Stubbs, Ricardus, c1997
Book | Essential | A new translation with an important introduction and useful notes,including an indication of where the text matches or differs from that of Ambroise.
The third Crusade: an eye-witness account of the campaigns of Richard Coeur-de-Lion inCyprus and the Holy Land - Kenneth Fenwick, 1958
Book
Extensive portions given in:
The crusade of Richard I, 1189-92 - T. A. Archer, 1889Book
Oxford DNB article: Richard - CJ TyermanWebpage
Following the Path of the Lionheart: The De Ortu Walwanii and the ItinerariumPeregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi - Helen Nicholson, 2000
Article
For the older view that Ambroise and Richard were writing semi-independently, see:
The 'Itinerarium Peregrinorum' and the 'Song of Ambrose' - Kate Norgate, 1910Article
Historical essays in honour of James Tait - John Goronwy Edwards, V. H. Galbraith, E. F.Jacob, James Tait, 1933
Book | Chapter: J.G. Edwards, The Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and the Estoire de la
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Guerre Sainte
Part II Accounts written in Outremer, France and Germany (9 items)
7) William of Tyre, Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum(History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea) also known as the HistoriaIerosolimitana (History of Jerusalem) (2 items)William, archbishop of Tyre and chancellor of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, wrote hisgreat Chronicle between 1170 and 1184, which is the single most important source for thehistory of the crusader states. Though William died in 1186 before the catastrophe ofHattin and the fall of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, his history traces the career ofNur-ad-Din, the rise of Saladin and the declining fortunes of the kinghdom of Jerusalemunder Baldwin IV.
Translation: (1 items)
A history of deeds done beyond the sea: Volumes 1 & 2 - William of Tyre, Emily Babcock,August C. Krey, 1943
Book
William of Tyre: historian of the Latin East - P. W. Edbury, J. G. Rowe, 1988Book
8) The Old French Continuation of William of Tyre, 1184-97 (2 items)Though William of Tyre’s great Latin chronicle stopped in 1184, a number of anonymouswriters added continuations of it, some in Old French. The work known as the Old FrenchContinuation exists in a number of different versions, all anonymous and mostly written inthe first half of the thirteenth century. It is often therefore, not a contemporary source, although part of the account of the eventsof 1187 was probably written by Ernoul, a squire to Balian of Ibelin, the defender ofJerusalem in 1187. It nevertheless remains the principle local narrative for events in theLatin kingdom from 1184, and contains a detailed account of Saladin's great victory atHattin and his conquest of Jerusalem. It is particularly important for its distinctlypro-French bias and frank criticism of Richard I. The introduction to Edbury’s translationoffers the best overview of the nature of the text.
Translation: (1 items)
The conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: sources in translation - P. W. Edbury,William, 1996
Book | Essential | A translation of the Old French Continuation, and a number of otherkey sources
Montjoie: studies in Crusade history in honour of Hans Eberhard Mayer - Rudolf Hiestand,B. Z. Kẹdar, Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith, Hans Eberhard Mayer, c1997
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Book | Chapter: P. Edbury, The Lyon Eracles and the Old French Continuation of Williamof Tyre, pp. 139-153, available via Online Resource button.
9) Rigord (d. c. 1209), Gesta Philippi Augusti (The Deeds of PhilipAugustus) (4 items)Rigord, a monk at the royal monastery of St Denis, just outside Paris, styled himself as‘chronographus regis’ – the historian of the king – and his chronicle, The Deeds of PhilipAugustus, is fulsome in its praise of King Philip. Though heavily biased, Rigord had accessto much information, and affords a very different picture of Richard from the Angevinchronicles. Philip’s rapid departure from the crusade means that Rigord does not dwell atlength on the Third Crusade, but his treatment of it is nevertheless of value.
Edition: (1 items)
Histoire de Philippe Auguste - Elisabeth Carpentier, Georges Pon, Yves Chauvin, Rigord,2006
Book
Translation: (2 items)
A section of Rigord's Gesta, from 1180 to 1192, has been translated by Professor PaulHyams, and is available at:
RIGORD AND HIS "DEEDS OF PHILLIP AUGUSTUS - Paul HyamsWebpage
The chronicle tradition of Saint-Denis: a survey - Gabrielle M. Spiegel, 1978Book | Valuable for the context in which Rigord operated
10) German chronicles for the Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa (1 items)A number of chronicles detailed the great expedition of the German Emperor, FrederickBarbarosssa, of which the most important is the anonymous History of the Expedition ofthe Emperor Frederick, composed before 1200.
This and other relevant chronicles are usefully brought together in translation by G. Loud,The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa. The History of the Ecxpedition of the EmperorFrederick and Related Texts (Ashgate2010)
The crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: the history of the expedition of the EmperorFrederick and related texts - G. A. Loud, Frederick, c2010
Book
Part III MUSLIM SOURCES FOR SALADIN AND THE THIRD CRUSADE(19 items)
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Arab historians of the Crusades - Francesco Gabrieli, Dawson Books, 1989Book
Historians of the Middle East - Bernard Lewis, P. M. Holt, 1962Book | Chapter: F. Gabrieli, The Arabic Historiography of the Crusades
The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin - H. A. R. Gibb, 1950-01Article
A CONSIDERATION OF TWO SOURCES OF THE LIFE OF SALADIN - D. S. RICHARDS, 1980Article
Saladin and his Admirers: A Biographical Reassessment - P. M. Holt, 1983-6Article
11) Baha ad-Din (also known as Bohadin or as Ibn Shaddad) (5 items)One of the most valuable accounts of the Third Crusade through Arab eyes is that of Bahaad-Din, a confidante of Saladin, who joined his service in 1188 and subsequently wrote thesultan’s biography. A specialist in the theology of jihad, he became the quadi or judge ofthe army., and was at Saladin’s side through the course of the Third Crusade.
Translations:
The rare and excellent history of Saladin, or, al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya wa'l-Mahasinal-Yusufiyya - Bahāʼ al-Dīn Yusuf ibn Rāfiʻ Ibn Shaddād, D. S. Richards, c2002
Book | Essential | The introduction also provides a good summary of Beha ad Din’s lifeand writing.
The life of Saladin - Bahāʼ al-Dīn Yusuf ibn Rāfiʻ Ibn Shaddād, Charles William Wilson, C. R.Conder, Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (London, England), 1897
Book
Extracts in:
Arab historians of the Crusades - Francesco Gabrieli, Dawson Books, 1989Book
12) Imad ad-Din al Isfahani (5 items)Important accounts of Saladin’s deeds were also written by his secretary (katib), Imad alDin al Isfahani. Though his florid style makes his prose difficult to read, his was aneye-witness account, and his work was drawn on by Beha ad-Din.
Translation: (2 items)
There is as yet only a French translation of his main works, Imad ad-Din, Conquête de laSyrie et de la Palestine par Saladin, tr. H. Massé (Paris, 1972). For this course, however,we will use the extracts for 1187-1192 given in:
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Arab historians of the Crusades - Francesco Gabrieli, Dawson Books, 1989Book
Al-Barq al-Shāmī: The History of Saladin by the Kātib ʿImād ad-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī - H. A. R.Gibb, 1953
Article
Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria - Maya Shatzmiller, c1993Book | See: D. S. Richards, Imad-al-Din al-Isfahani: Administrator, Litterateur and
Historian, pp. 133-146. Available via Online Resource Button.
The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin - H. A. R. Gibb, 1950-01Article
13) Ibn Al Athir (1160-1223) (1 items)A scholar from Mosul, Ibn Al Athir was one of the most distinguished of the medieval Arabhistorians, best known for his world history, the al-Kamil fi t-Tawarikh, or Complete History,which extends to 1231. He saw military service under Saladin in Syria, but his Mosulbackground made him more sympathetic to the Zengids, and he is at times moiré criticalof Saladin and his policies than either Beha ad-Din or Imad al-Din.
Translation: (1 items)
The chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the crusading period from al-Kāmil fīʼl-taʼrīkh - ʻIzz al-DīnIbn al-Athīr, D. S. Richards, 2006-2007
Book
14) Usamah Ibn Munquidh (3 items)The memoirs of a Syrian nobleman, Usamah Ibn Munquidh, who died in 1188, furnishes avivid account of the life and attitudes of the Muslim elite. This is the Islamic equivalent ofthe History of William the Marshal. It has invaluable material on Arab-Frankish warfare, aswell as on cultural relations between Christians and Muslims.
Translations: (2 items)
The book of contemplation: Islam and the Crusades - Usamah ibn Munqidh, 2008Book | Essential | A new translation with an excellent introduction.
An Arab-Syrian gentleman and warrior in the period of the Crusades: memoirs of Usāmahibn-Munqidh (Kitāb al-Iʻtibār) - Philip Khuri Hitti, Usāmah ibn Munqidh, c2000
Book
The Crusades and their sources: essays presented to Bernard Hamilton - William G. Zajac,John France, 1998
Book | Chapter: R. Irwin, Usamah ibn Munquidh: An Arab Syrian Gentleman at the Timeof the Crusades Reconsidered
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Part IV Other Major Narrative Sources for the Reign of Richard I(45 items)The following works are important for a study of Richard’s reign more widely, though mostdo not focus on the Third Crusade itself.
15) Bertran de Born (3 items)
A troubadour and minor nobleman from Hautefort in the Limousin, Bertan de Born wasauthor of a number of political songs which cast valuable light on the politics of Aquitaineduring Richard's rule, particularly in the crisis year of 1183, as well as reflectingcontemporary attitudes to war, rebellion and lordship.
Text and translation: (1 items)
The poems of the troubadour Bertran de Born - William D. Paden, Tilde Sankovitch, PatriciaH. Stäblein, Bertran, c1986
Book | Essential | Contains an extensive introduction and bibliography.
The troubadours: an introduction - Simon Gaunt, Sarah Kay, c1999Book
The world of the troubadours: medieval Occitan society, c. 1100-c. 1300 - Linda M.Paterson, 1993
Book
16) L’Histoire de Guillaume Le Maréchal (The History of William theMarshal) (11 items)A long and exceptionally valuable poem in Anglo-Norman French about William theMarshal, knight and flower of chivalry, who was prominent in the politics of Henry II,Richard and John, and finally became regent of England from 1216 till his death in 1219.The Marshal was left as one of associate regents on his departure for crusade, but theHistory has regrettably little to say about the rule of England between 1190 and 1194. Thismay well be because the Marshal’s brother, John, was seneschal to Count John, supportedhis rebellion and died in 1194, possibly in arms against the king. The Marshal himselfseems to have been careful to maintain cordial relations with John, as Richard’s probableheir, a fact that the History later felt necessary to gloss over.
Editions: (3 items)
History of William Marshal - Anthony J. Holden, David Crouch, 2002-2006Book | Essential | 3 Volumes. An important new edition and translation.
L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, comte de Striguil et de Pembroke, régent d'Angleterrede 1216 à 1219: poème français - Paul Meyer, 1891-1901
Book | Vols. I and II are the Anglo-Norman text, vol. III a French translation withexcellent notes.
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On William Marshal see:
Oxford DNB article: Marshal, William (I) - David CrouchWebpage
William Marshal: knight-errant, baron, and regent of England - Sidney Painter, 1933Book
Thirteenth century England II: proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987 -Peter R. Coss, S. D. Lloyd, Conference on Thirteenth Century England, 1988
Book | See: J. Gillingham, War and Chivalry in the History of William Marshal, pp. 1-14
And reprinted in:
Anglo-Norman warfare: studies in late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman militaryorganization and warfare - Matthew Strickland, 1992
Book | J. Gillingham, War and Chivalry in the History of William Marshal
William Marshal: knighthood, war and chivalry, 1147-1219 - David Crouch, Dawson Books,2002
Book
The court reconvenes: courtly literature across the disciplines : selected papers from theNinth Triennial Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society, University ofBritish Columbia, 25-31 July, 1998 - Barbara K. Altmann, Carleton W. Carroll, InternationalCourtly Literature Society. Congress, Dawson Books, 2003
Book | Chapter: E. Mullally, Did John of Earley write the Histoire de Guillaume leMaréchal?
Eleanor of Aquitaine: lord and lady - John Carmi Parsons, Bonnie Wheeler, 2002Book | Chapter: E. Mullally, The Reciprocal Loyalty of Eleanor of Aquitaine and William
Marshal, pp. 237-46
17) Ralph of Diss (or Ralph of Diceto) Imagines historiarum (TheOutlines of History) 1148-1202. (7 items)
Ralph, who came from the Norfolk town of Diss, was dean of St Paul's, London, from 1180until his death c. 1200. Together with Roger of Howden, he is sometimes referred to as oneof the 'administrative historians' of the Angevin kings. He worked closely with the bishop ofLondon, Richard fitz Nigel (see The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography), who was alsoTreasurer to Henry II and Richard. Ralph thus had access to a good deal of insiderknowledge about the workings of Angevin government and political affairs. He wroteseveral works, of which the most valuable is the Outlines. Part of this work has as beentranslated in E. Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles (London, 1986)). The introduction tothe Rolls Series edition contains a valuable account of his life and works.
Edition: (1 items)
Opera historica: the historial works of Master Ralph de Diceto, dean of London - Ralph de
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Diceto, William Stubbs, 1876Book
Translation: (2 items)
Sections translated in:
The Plantagenet chronicles - Elizabeth M. Hallam, 1986Book | Essential
Oxford DNB article: Diceto, Ralph de - JFA MasonWebpage
King John: new interpretations - S. D. Church, 1999Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Historians without Hindsight : Coggeshall, Diceto and
Howden on the early years of John's reign, pp. 1-26, available via Online Resource button.
Further Reading: (1 items)
Authority and power: studies on medieval law and government presented to WalterUllmann on his seventieth birthday - Walter Ullmann, Brian Tierney, Peter Linehan, 1980
Book | Chapter: C. Duggan and A. Duggan, Ralph de Diceto, Henry II and Becket
18) Gervase of Canterbury (c. 1145- c. 1210) (5 items)Gervase of Canterbury was a monk at the Benedictine cathedral priory of Christchurch,Canterbury, and wrote a number of historical works, relating primarily to the history of hisreligious house, and including a famous description of the fire of 1174 and the rebuilding ofthe choir. Much of what he wrote concerned a long and bitter dispute between thearchbishops of Canterbury and the cathedral chapter over the archbishops’ plans toestablish a college of secular canons. Gervase also compiled a chronicle, the Chronica, which covers the years 1100 – 1210, anda Gesta regum (The Deeds of the Kings) which begins with the legendary history of Britain.Unfortunately, neither of these works has been translated, though the Rolls Series editionby Stubbs has a valuable introduction.
Edition: (1 items)
The historical works of Gervase of Canterbury - William Stubbs, Gervase, Great Britain.Public Record Office, 1879-1880
Book
Reading: (4 items)
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Oxford DNB article: Canterbury, Gervase of - GH MartinWebpage
Historical writing in England - Antonia Gransden, 1974-1982Book | Volume 1 (1974), pp. 253-60
A history of Canterbury Cathedral - Patrick Collinson, Nigel Ramsay, Margaret Sparks, 1995Book | Chapter: M. Gibson, Normans and Angevins, 1070–1220, pp. 38–68
Gervase, Becket, and William of Sens - Peter Kidson, 1993-10Article
19) Ralph of Coggeshall, (fl. 1207–1226), Chronicon Anglicanum (TheEnglish Chronicle) (3 items)Ralph of Coggeshall, historian and abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Coggeshall, Essex,wrote a valuable chronicle covering the years 1187 to 1224. It has much interest for thereign of Richard I, including a report of the battle of Arsuf by an eye-witness, Hugh deNeville, and another of Richard’s capture in Austria.Unfortunately this important chronicle has not been translated into English. The followingdiscussions, however, remain valuable:
Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall's Account of the Last Years of King Richard and the First Yearsof King John - Ralph of Coggeshall, D. A. Carpenter, 1998
Article
King John: new interpretations - S. D. Church, 1999Book | Chapter: J. Gillingham, Historians without Hindsight : Coggeshall, Diceto and
Howden on the early years of John's reign, pp. 1-26, available via Online Resource button.
Oxford DNB article: Coggeshall, Ralph of - David CornerWebpage
20) Jocelin of Brakelond, Chronicon (4 items)Jocelin was a monk at the great Benedictine house of Bury St Edmund's, Suffolk, whoseChronicle provides a valuable insight into monastic life and the abbey’s business affairsduring Richard's reign, and of relations between one of the greatest English abbeys andthe crown. Richard I had a particular devotion to St Edmund, whose relics the abbeyhoused, and which made Bury one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Britain.
Edition and Translation: (1 items)
The chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond concerning the acts of Samson, Abbot of theMonastery of St Edmund - Jocelin, Samson, 1949
Book
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Jocelin of Brakelond's identity : a review of the evidence - N. Scarfe, 1997Article
The collapse of a monastic friendship: the case of Jocelin and Samson of Bury - BrianPatrick McGuire, 1978-01
Article
Oxford DNB article: Brakelond, Jocelin of - Antonia GransdenWebpage
21) Adam of Eynsham, Magna Vita Sancti Hugonis (The Great Life of StHugh): (12 items)Adam was the chaplain to and biographer of the famous and saintly Hugh, bishop ofLincoln. Apart from being of great interest in its own right, the Life provides valuablematerial relating to Richard and his dealings with the Church.
Edition and Translation: (1 items)
The life of St Hugh of Lincoln - Decima L. Douie, Hugh Farmer, Adam, 1961-1962Book
Further Reading: (11 items)
HUGH OF LINCOLN: THE HAMMER OF KINGS - Philip C Fenton, Nov 1, 1962Article
Communications and power in medieval Europe: the Gregorian revolution and beyond -Karl J. Leyser, 1994
Book | Chapter: K. Leyser, The Angevins and the Holy Man
Saint Hugh of Lincoln - David Hugh Farmer, 1985Book
The Canonization of St Hugh of Lincoln - DH Farmer, 1956Book
St Hugh of Lincoln: lectures delivered at Oxford and Lincoln to celebrate the eighthcentenary of St Hugh's consecration as Bishop of Lincoln - Henry Mayr-Harting, 1987
Book
De cella in seculum: religious and secular life and devotion in late medieval England : aninterdisciplinary conference in celebration of the eighth centenary of the consecration ofSt. Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln, 20-22 July, 1986 - Michael G. Sargent, c1989
Book | See: D. H. Farmer, Hugh of Lincoln, Carthusian Saint; R. Loomis Giraldus deBarri’s Homage to Hugh of Avalon; H. E. J. Cowdrey, Hugh of Avalon, Carthusian and Bishop
The life of Saint Hugh of Lincoln - Herbert Thurston, 1898Book
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English episcopal acta - David M. Smith, Catholic Church, British Academy, 1980-Book | See: English Episcopal Acta, IV: the Charters of St Hugh and William of Blois
Adam's work should be compared with two other lives of Hugh:
The life of St. Hugh of Avalon: Bishop of Lincoln, 1186-1200 - Richard Morgan Loomis,Giraldus Cambrensis, 1985
Book
The Metrical Life of St Hugh - Charles Garton, 1986Book
Historical Writing in the Twelfth Century (24 items)
Historical writing in England - Antonia Gransden, 1974-1982Book | See: Volume 1- an essential introductory work, covering all the main chroniclers.
Serious entertainments: the writing of history in twelfth-century England - Nancy F. Partner, 1977
Book | Offers valuable analysis of William of Newburgh and Richard of Devizes.
The new historians of the twelfth-century Renaissance: inventing vernacular authority -Peter Damian-Grint, 1999
Book
La cour Plantagenêt (1154-1204): actes du colloque tenu à Thouars du 30 avril au 2 mai1999 - Martin Aurell, Université de Poitiers. Centre d'études supérieures de civilisationmédiévale, 2000
Book | See: J. Gillingham, Royal newsletters, forgeries and English historians : somelinks between court and history in the reign of Richard I, pp. 171-86
Writing medieval biography, 750-1250: essays in honour of Professor Frank Barlow - DavidBates, Julia C. Crick, Sarah Hamilton, Frank Barlow, Dawson Books, Limits of MedievalBiography, 2006
Book | Chapter: N. Vincent,The strange case of the missing biographies : the lives of thePlantaganet kings of England 1154-1272
From memory to written record: England, 1066-1307 - M. T. Clanchy, 1979Book | A fine study of the nature of literacy and the development of written culture.
Presidential Address: Aspects of the European Tradition of Historical Writing 1. TheClassical Tradition from Einhard to Geoffrey of Monmouth - R. W. Southern, 1970
Article
Presidential Address: Aspects of the European Tradition of Historical Writing: 2. Hugh of StVictor and the Idea of Historical Development - R. W. Southern, 1971
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Article
Presidential Address: Aspects of the European Tradition of Historical Writing: 3. History asProphecy - R. W. Southern, 1972
Article
Presidential Address: Aspects of the European Tradition of Historical Writing: 4. The Senseof the Past - R. W. Southern, 1973
Article
THE PLACE OF ENGLAND IN THE TWELFTH-CENTURY RENAISSANCE - R. W. SOUTHERN,1960-10
Article
The renaissance of the twelfth century - Charles Homer Haskins, American Council ofLearned Societies, c1955
Book | Especially Chapter. viii, Historical Writing
Twelfth century studies - Josiah Cox Russell, 1978Book | Chapter: J.C. Russell, The Writing of History in the Twelfth Century
English and international: studies in the literature, art and patronage of medieval England- Elizabeth Salter, Derek Pearsall, Nicolette Zeeman, 1988
Book | See: Chapter 1
Realistic Observation in Twelfth-Century England - Antonia Gransden, 1972-01Article
Medieval memories: men, women and the past, 700-1300 - Elisabeth Maria Cornelia vanHouts, 2001
Book | Contains a valuable discussion on chroniclers’ use of oral testimony. SeeChapter: C. Watkins, Memories of the Marvellous in the Anglo-Norman Realm.
The Literacy of the Medieval English Kings - VH Galbraith, 1937Article
It is important to remember Richard inherited his father's legacy of court patronage, onwhich see:
Seventeen lectures on the study of mediaeval and modern history and kindred subjects:delivered at Oxford under statutory obligation in the years 1867-1884; with two addressesgiven at Oxford and Reading - William Stubbs, 1900
Book | See: W. Stubbs, Literature and Learning at the Court of Henry II, Numbers 6 and7
Essays in medieval history presented to Thomas Frederick Tout - A. G. Little, F. M. Powicke,Thomas Frederick 1855-1929 Tout, 1925
Book | See: C. H. Haskins, Henry II as a Patron of Literature
Peter of Blois and Poetry at the Court of Henry II - Peter Dronke, 1976
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Article | See: Medieval Studies, vol. 38, pp.185-235. Available via Online ResourceButton.
Patrons and Polyglots: French Literature in Twelfth Century England - Ian ShortChapter | Chapter: I. Short, Patrons and Polyglots: French Literature in Twelfth Century
England
English Learning in the Late Twelfth Century - R. W. Hunt, 1936Article
Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century - Robert Louis Benson, Giles Constable,Carol Dana Lanham, 1982
Book
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