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Transcript of Rice EEi brochure
e2i
An Essential Conversation
Spanish artist Jaume Plensa’s Mirror depicts two monumental, seated
figures facing one another. Composed of painted, marine steel letters from
eight alphabets – Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Hindi, Hebrew, Japanese, Latin,
and Russian — these two figures are in a perpetual conversation, with room
enough for a viewer to stand inside an exchange that encompasses the
world’s great cultures. This ongoing discussion is central to Rice’s Energy
and Environment Initiative (e2i). The monumental challenge of energy
in the 21st century spans the globe with ongoing, cross-cultural
communication a vital element for success.
To learn more:
e-mail: [email protected]
website: e2i.rice.edu
phone: 713-348-4062
2 0 1 0
Other Geothermal Hydro Nuclear Natural Gas Crude Oil Coal
A wOrld HuNGry fOr eNerGy. 2 0 6 0
e2i The energy and environment Initiative at rice university A big idea to address a larger-than-life challenge. energy is the grand challenge of the 21st
century. Seven billion of us share the planet today, but by 2050, the earth’s population will
soar past the 9 billion mark – and more people means more energy demand. developing
renewable energy is part of this challenge, and rice researchers are part of that mission,
but here’s the hard truth — for the next 50 years, we will remain dependent on hydrocar-
bon energy that is both difficult to develop in sufficient quantity and has environmental
repercussions. We must find more efficient exploration, extraction, and remediation
technologies to support a sustainable approach to satisfying a growing global energy
demand. A ship in a safe harbor is safe, but achieves nothing. Great universities launch into
the unknown to meet pressing challenges with fundamental research that translates into
tangible solutions. Our heritage – from Ideas to Impact – and our location in Houston,
the world’s energy capital, compels us to set sail on this voyage. e2i engages the most
innovative thinkers from every corner of the university. we’re working with industry leaders,
politicians, and citizens to create a road map to a productive and sustainable future.
Our hope for a sustainable future requires an inclusive, 360-degree view of the energy landscape. renewable energy is important, but we will remain dependent on carbon-based fuels for at least the next 50 years. Making conventional energy greener is the critical challenge of the 21st century.
f r o m I d e a s t o I m p a c t The power of e2i stems from looking strategically and
panoramically at the energy challenge. At Rice, that
means setting the bar high with a series of “grand
challenges,” and then pursuing those challenges with
contributions from basic sciences, technology, policy,
the social sciences, and the humanities.
We’re tapping expertise from multiple disciplines,
industry, and government to develop greener, safer,
more sustainable carbon-based fuels. We want to drive
drilling costs down by leveraging advanced materials;
simulate and model reservoirs to predict properties
and production; reduce pollution associated with
energy production; strengthen coastal communities and
operations, so they are resilient to extreme weather;
put nano-bio technologies to work on several fronts,
including treatment of spills; maximize the power of high-
performance computing to generate more useful data. And
perhaps the most important challenge of all – Rice wants
to educate the next generation of energy leaders, people
who have a holistic understanding of the technological,
economic, and human dimensions of energy.
w h y r i c e ?Rice consistently ranks among the top 20 universities in
the United States. Rice ranks in the top five for scientific
impact and has one of the top five nanotechnology
programs in the world. The Jones Graduate School of
Business offers a wide array of programs and degrees
that serve traditional MBA students and mid-career and
executive professionals, placing a strong emphasis on
the vital role of entrepreneurship in developing new
technologies that address the energy challenge.
The panoramic view comes naturally at Rice. More
than half of Rice students have science, engineering,
and business majors, and one in four will earn a degree
in more than one major. The Baker Institute for Public
Policy, one of the world’s premier nonpartisan public
policy think tanks, has deep experience in energy,
economics, and policy. And the Cultures of Energy
Initiative at Rice University has received significant
funding to engage undergraduates, graduate students,
faculty members, and industry experts in energy and
environmental studies. From research to policy to the
human dimensions of energy issues – Rice embraces
the big picture.
P o w e r o f P a r t n e r s h i p s Rice has a long history of welcoming external partners,
including virtually all the major energy companies in the
Research at Rice: From Ideas to Impact The idea of carbon nanotubes began when rice’s richard Smalley and robert Curl, with the university of essex’s Harold Kroto, discovered a 60-atom carbon molecule that looked like Buckminster fuller’s geodesic dome – the buckminsterfullerene. But every-one calls them buckyballs.
CNT fibers – thin as a human hair with the conductivity of metal and the strength of car-bon fiber – will revolutionize construction of vehicles and large structures like transmission towers, bio-medical delivery mechanisms, and electrical transmission and grid design. The impact is just beginning.
Pasquali finds the ultimate CNT solvent – chlorosulfonic acid – that spontaneously separates CNTs regardless of length – a significant break-through to creating high-performance fibers.
Smalley develops the high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) process to produce high-purity, single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT).
1999
wet-spinning innovation by Philippe Poulin at CNrS Bordeaux enables CNT / polymer blending to provide greater control over fiber characteristics.
2000
rice’s Smalley and Matteo Pasquali discover liquid-crystalline CNTs in acids, a breakthrough in the struggle against CNT clumping.
2003
Smalley and Pasquali create the first “pure” CNT fibers – wet-spun from liquid crystal CNTs – a critical advance towards developing CNT materials for industrial applications.
2004
2009
Partnership with dutch company Teijin Aramid leads to development of mass-pro-ducible, ultra-high conductiv-ity CNT fibers created by wet spinning from chlorosulfonic acid – another rice innovation once thought impossible.
2013
Smalley, Curl, and Kroto discover buckyballs via laser vaporization – bombarding a rotating graphite disk with high-energy lasers in a heli-um-filled vacuum chamber.
1985
Smalley, Curl, and Kroto win the Nobel Prize in recognition of the paradigm-changing opportunities buckyballs created in physical science, medicine, and engineering.
1996
United States, and multiple nonprofits, think tanks, and
government agencies. These partners help fashion Rice’s
DNA, which drives faculty to develop curiosity-driven
research into transformative technology.
The trajectory we envision for e2i – ideas to impact –
is a central component of the Rice tradition. Rice founded
the first research institute in nanotechnology; today,
innovations in nanotechnology are fueling a technological
revolution, from energy to medicine and beyond. Our
high-performance computing institute is a recognized
global leader, with a specific focus on the intersection
of energy and “big data.” Rice’s panoramic, 360-degree
view and enthusiasm for multidisciplinary collaboration
make it the perfect place to tackle the world’s energy
and environmental challenges.
e n e rg y r e s e a rc h a t r i c e : A 3 6 0 - d e g re e P e r s p e c t i v ee2i – Rice’s multidisciplinary response to
complex and evolving energy challenges
– takes an encompassing view of human,
environmental, economic, and policy issues
to ensure adequate and sustainable resources
for an energy-hungry world.
G l o b a l I n f l u e n c e Rice is the established world leader in
nanotechnology and high performance
computing. The Smalley Institute for
Nanoscale Science and Technology (with
120+ faculty and two Nobel Prizes) and
Ken Kennedy Institute for Information
Technology (encompassing 17 university
departments) set aspirational standards
for the rest of the world. These globally
acclaimed organizations provide a solid
foundation for the entire Rice energy
research community.
e s t a b l i s h e d l e a d e r s h i pThe world looks to Rice for comprehensive
carbon management methodologies –
many based on nanotechnology innovations
– emerging from collaborations among our
Earth and Nanoscale Sciences, Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Chemical/
Biomolecular and Civil/Environmental
Engineering.
From molecular manipulation of
hydrocarbons to biofuel conversion, Rice’s
bioenergy & biomanufacturing research
promises lower refinery costs and more
sustainable methods to convert heavy oil
to light fractions. And our groundbreaking
seismic analysis / visualization and imaging
research blends advanced mathematics,
geologic expertise, and high performance
computing to make energy exploration
more efficient, accurate, and sustainable.
f o r g i n g a S u s t a i n a b l e f u t u r eThe Baker Institute for Public Policy
brings academics, industry leaders, and
policymakers together to grapple with
our most pressing challenges in energy
economics & policy. In conjunction with
our energy humanities experts, Rice
explores the context and history of energy
and the environment to develop creative
solutions that can enhance the quality of
life on earth.
Cross-disciplinary collaborations provide
opportunities for advances in regional
sustainability – risk mitigation, accurate
storm forecasting, and intelligent
development. Facing our energy & water
challenges means innovative solutions to
soaring water requirements, such as Rice’s
proprietary in situ catalysis process to
retrieve hard-to-extract oil with less waste,
less steam, less pollutants.
e2i takes a complete panoramic view – a
singular blend of basic and applied research,
production-ready technologies, and attention
to the human and societal implications – to
help create a sustainable energy future.
This theoretical breakthrough came years
ahead of the necessary computational
power. In 1992, The Rice Inversion Project
(TRIP) embarked on a mission to accelerate
DSO’s performance and document its
potential for accurate subsurface imaging.
TRIP provided the computational and
applied mathematics advances needed to
make DSO feasible. But realizing its full
potential requires more than mathematics.
F ro m A b s t r a c t E q u a t i o n s t o C r y s t a l - C l e a r I m a g e r yRice’s Center for Computational
Geophysics (CCG) provides the cross-
disciplinary framework to turn theoretical
advances like DSO into practical solutions.
Working together, researchers from
the Earth Sciences and Computational
and Applied Mathematics departments
apply high-performance computing and
visualization methods to actual field
measurements. CCG makes extensive use
of the Chevron Visualization Laboratory at
Rice for the technology needed to evaluate
new theory-based solutions via high-
resolution graphics. Advanced modeling
and imaging make exploration more
predictable and less costly — good news
for producers and consumers alike.
Rice’s long tradition of multidisciplinary
collaboration is no accident. We know that
ideas often require cross-fertilization with
other research realms and external partners
to reach maturity. This approach is the core
of the Rice DNA.
seismic model of the substrata in China and the neighboring region. Our research – like the energy challenge – spans the globe.
image, especially at the lower depths (roughly 6 km). In the right-side image, the same data is enhanced using the differential semblance optimization technique, a rice innovation, to produce dramatically clearer focus near the center.
(above) Marine seismic data that depicts the structural image of sub-seafloor properties. The image on the left renders an image based solely upon regional geologic information. The depicted strata, clearly identifiable at the sides of the image, become blurred and unintelligible at the center of the
(below) The Chevron Visualization laboratory’s Visualization wall measures 14x8 feet and renders stereoscopic 3d images using more than 33 million pixels powered by 2,034 processor cores. rice research-ers have applied full waveform tomography techniques on a con-tinental scale to create a detailed
P i c t u re T h i s : N e w I d e a s i n S e i s m i c I m a g i n g Technological innovation in extracting and
refining petroleum has given us a set of
sophisticated tools that work under a wide
range of challenging reservoir conditions.
But even the best extraction technology
depends upon an essential first condition:
We must know where the oil is.
The days of randomly drilling wells in hopes
of making a big strike are ancient history. Oil
exploration and production rely upon seismic
techniques that can “see” underground and
predict reservoir structures and physical
characteristics. Unfortunately, limitations in
focus quality meant that seismic reservoir
images were often expensively wrong.
T h e o re t i c a l B re a k t h ro u g hA seismic survey is like a stereo camera,
with one very important difference:
Software plays the role of the camera’s lens,
combining and focusing the huge volumes
of data collected by seismic instruments
into images of the earth’s subsurface. While
automated focusing is essential, it remained
a long-standing technical challenge.
A solution came through advanced applied
mathematics.
Developed at Rice, differential semblance
optimization (DSO) focuses seismic data
in a way similar to split-image focusing in
an ordinary camera: Various parts of the
data produce independent images, and the
overall earth structure is correct when these
independent images align.
ID
EA
S
Mobility Matters Mobile treatment solves two significant challenges – the trans-port costs and environmental risks of moving huge volumes of produced water over long distances – and provides production sites a sustainable source for water-intensive operations.
Sponge It UpHigh-charge density nano-sponges remove charged contaminants from produced or flowback water via capacitive deionization. Sponges can be customized to handle dif-ferent kinds of treatment scenarios and specific contaminant types.
f r o m C o n c e p t i o n t o A p p l i c a t i o n Basic research examines our physical world
to gain a deeper grasp of what makes it tick.
Applied research looks at a real-world prob-
lem and asks, “How can we translate basic
research into better solutions?”
One of the greatest challenges of the 21st
century is the adequacy and safety of our
water supply. Ours is a thirsty society –
aside from basic issues of virtually every
living organism needing it to survive, many
essential industries like agriculture and
energy consume vast quantities of water.
On top of sheer demand, many commercial
activities produce huge volumes of waste-
water, and current treatment and disposal
practices are expensive and inefficient.
Effective treatment technologies that al-
low contaminated water to be cleaned and
reused would represent a milestone in
sustainable energy development.
A p p l y i n g t h e C o n c e p t t o t h e P ro b l e m One solution: an Integrated, Self-Powered
Mobile Wastewater Treatment and
Desalination System.
Self-powered because we will capture solar
and biological energy to power the system.
Mobile because we can take the treatment
system to the source, reducing costs and
risks while allowing locally supplied water to
continue to serve as a resource in its original
geography. But the real breakthrough lies in
how we will reclaim the produced water for
reuse or beneficial disposition.
Mobile treatment exploits the kinetic
advantages of working with super-small
materials – nanomaterials. Here, nanotech-
nology and biotechnology converge to
enable a complete, high-capacity treatment
system that fits into a single, van-sized ve-
hicle. Building upon basic research in carbon
nanotubes and biotechnology, researchers
have developed a porous blend of polymers
and nanoparticles that draws in dissolved
salts to produce deionized water. We can
combine these nano-structured electrode
materials (think of them as “sponges”) –
along with nanocatalysts, magnetic nanopar-
ticles, and nanomesh materials – to solve
different kinds of treatment challenges and
address specific contaminants.
C h a n g i n g t h e G a m e Industrial byproducts once viewed as
“waste” can become a critical resource.
Effective wastewater treatment and remedia-
tion can transform “waste” water from oil
and gas production into a sustainable fresh-
water source for industry, agriculture, and
potable consumption.
Innovators at Rice, working at the inter-
section of distinct but related disciplines,
transform basic research discoveries into
high-impact technologies that serve growing
demand for efficiency and sustainability in
energy production.
TR
AN
SL
AT
IO
NReduce, Reuse, RecycleEnergy production requires enormous volumes of fresh water. Treatments that allow reuse of water resources translate to lower costs and reduced environmental impact, both in the field and at the refinery.
Taking the Dirty Out of Drilling drilling operations produce huge volumes of water that must be desali-nated for reuse or safe return into the environment. The current standard process – reverse osmosis – leaves a massive footprint of extensive infrastructure, high costs, and severe environmental impact.
A s s u r i n g t h e f l o w “Let things flow naturally in whatever way
they like.” — Lao Tzu
Flow assurance is one of the key technical
challenges facing the energy sector. Lao
Tzu’s advice on harmonious living runs
into hard reality in oil and gas extraction –
especially in deep-water conditions – where
letting things “flow naturally” is a recipe for
disaster. Pipeline blockages caused by solid
deposits of asphaltenes, gas hydrates, wax,
and scale, along with leaks caused by
pipeline corrosion, can cause interruptions
in production, total well loss, and
environmental risk.
r i c e I n n o v a t i o n Downhole blockage and corrosion in gas
and oil wells are expensive problems, and
Rice researchers are striving for more
accurate prediction and prevention and
less costly treatment. Accurate prediction
algorithms to determine the severity and
location of scale deposition and corrosion
allow for early treatment – intervention
that can prevent costly shutdowns.
ScaleSoftPitzer software represents a huge
advance in the ability to predict behavior for
11 different minerals under the wide variety
of pressure and temperature conditions
encountered in a deep well. This knowledge
has also helped researchers develop scale
prevention treatments that successfully
inhibit scale formations at the cost of just
a few dollars per day.
Development of Statistical Associating
Fluid Theory (SAFT) to model the effects
of pressure, temperature, and composition
on the phase behavior and stability of
asphaltenes and gas hydrates in crude oil
led to creation of the Asphaltene Deposition
Tool (ADEPT). ADEPT scales up from
molecular-level characteristics of an oil
– as well as laboratory aggregation and
deposition kinetics studies – to create a
field-scale simulator capable of generating
reliable flow predictions needed for effective
flow risk management. SAFT also holds
the promise of more accurate corrosion
predictions to help prevent well shutdowns
and lessen environmental risks.
C r i t i c a l P a r t n e r s h i p sRice’s active collaborations with industry –
through the Brine Chemistry Consortium,
the Consortium for Processes in Porous
Media, and the Rice Center for Energy
Studies, to name a few – have spurred
important innovations not only in flow
assurance and scale deposition, but also
in other important energy research areas,
such as chemical enhanced oil recovery
and energy policy. Research in flow
assurance and scale and corrosion
prevention and treatments has improved
well reliability and prevents costly
production interruptions – envisioned and
brought to life through the collaborative
efforts by Rice and its partners.
IM
PA
CT
ScalingSoftware based on rice research models the scaling behavior for 11 key minerals: calcite, barite, three calcium sulfates, iron and zinc sulfide, calcium fluoride, iron carbonate, strontium sulfate, and sodium chloride – leading to better predictions and more effective prevention.
CorrosionMetallic corro-sion costs the nation approximately $276 billion annually, or around 3.1 percent of GdP. rice researchers are striving to under-stand the causes of corrosion and to develop cheaper and better techniques for predicting and preventing damage to oil and gas pipelines.
Hydrates Inhibiting gas hydrates consumes 10 to 15 percent of Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon production costs. rice university has one of the world’s premier labs for measuring and modeling gas hydrates under extreme
temperature and pressure, dis-tribution of gas hydrates for
seafloor stability, and water content in equilibrium
with natural gas mixtures.
Asphaltenes Asphaltene
deposition in reservoir and flow
lines is a key challenge from the Gulf of Mexico
to the Middle east. rice’s molecular-scale to macro-scale
approach provides new insight into deposition mechanisms, leading to novel inhibition strategies and new modeling tools that predict production issues.
issues critical to ensuring adequate and
environmentally responsible energy resource
development for a growing world economy.
CES fellows and scholars provide high-
quality, peer-reviewed studies and high-impact
policy outreach through testimony on Capitol
Hill, interaction with policymakers, and a
reputation for reliable, fact-based examination
of critical energy issues.
By relying upon data-driven analysis –
and adhering to a strict, non-partisan
approach to developing policy solutions
– CES has become one of the top-ranked
university-based energy and natural resource
think tanks in the world.
N o n - P a r t i s a n S o l u t i o n sThe intersection of economics, science, and
policy is filled with potential conflict. Experts
often lack perspective outside their specialty,
and inadequate understanding can lead to
ineffective or misguided policy. In addition,
competing special interests can capitalize
on incomplete frameworks and make the
potential for conflict more salient.
Fellows and Scholars at CES are developing
sophisticated models that enhance the
understanding of direct and indirect linkages
between energy market developments and
economic, geopolitical, and technological
innovations. These tools allow the CES –
with contributions by experts from multiple
disciplines – to produce reliable and balanced
policy recommendations that avoid negative
unintended consequences.
The classic view of earth at night reveals where energy is consumed around the world. These places are typically far from hydrocarbon resources, making trade relationships and geopolitics central to the provision of energy services. economic growth requires energy, which can come in a variety of forms. As part of e2i’s 21st century mission, the faculty at CeS focus on policies aimed at sustainable development and efficient distribution of energy resources.
Geopolitics — not just geology — has a major influence on our energy future; and the energy leaders of tomorrow will need to be very knowl-edgeable not only of international affairs, but skilled in the art of diplomacy, as well as dedicated to corporate social responsibility in the countries in which they are engaged.” — Ambassador edward P. djerejian founding director Baker Institute for Public Policy rice university
f i n d i n g t h e B a l a n c e The energy sector is a realm of constant
change. Scientific and technological
advances continually re-define possibilities
in exploration, development, and end-uses.
Economic, political, and environmental forces
determine whether the technically possible
is socially desirable.
Economics, geopolitics, and regulatory
frameworks are as important as geology and
technology. Resolving the “above-ground”
factors will determine our long-term energy
and environmental security and thus economic
prosperity. Providing solutions that are
vetted and reliable is an important step in
this process.
d a t a d r i v e n A n a l y s i sThe Baker Institute Center for Energy Studies
(CES) is a data-driven policy research center
that generates non-partisan insights into the
impact of economics, geopolitics, technology,
and regulation on energy markets.
Policy based on emotion or incomplete data
is an invitation to crisis. Multiple margins of
response make policy formulation complex,
and we must always be aware of the law of
unintended consequences. CES brings broad
perspective to the policy arena by gathering
specialists from economics, earth sciences,
engineering, industry, and government to
encourage sustainable energy practices.
CES provides a forum for academics, industry
leaders, and policymakers to investigate
IN
TE
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f i n d i n g yo u r Ta l e n t a t r i c eA Rice education emphasizes intellectual rigor and
practical experience to produce tomorrow’s leaders,
people who are ready to contribute from day one. Rice
is dedicated to developing complete citizens – challenge-
ready men and women with deep technical competence
coupled with awareness of broad cultural and policy
implications and an understanding of the intersection
of related disciplines. At Rice, we don’t just teach
students – we create leaders.
R e a l E x p e r i e n c e R e q u i r e dOur undergraduate student-faculty ratio of 6:1 means
that Rice students receive individualized guidance to
ensure that they become thoughtful, sophisticated,
lifelong learners. We encourage our students to com-
plete at least one professional internship, making Rice a
talent-rich source for internship programs. It also means
that Rice graduates have practical outside-the-classroom
experience to make them productive members of any
team right from the start. Our students have held intern-
ships in all corners of the energy landscape, from field
work to lab research to the executive suite, in industry,
government, and nonprofit settings.
Rice offers highly selective graduate programs, in many
disciplines, including engineering, natural and social
sciences, and business. Nearly one-third of our graduate
students hail from outside the U.S., drawn to Rice by our
consistently high rankings. This international diversity helps
our entire campus community maintain a global perspective
that prepares our graduates for careers in an increasingly
global economy. Our Houston location allows our graduate
students to engage directly with industry and foster an ongo-
ing and open dialogue that complements the deep research
collaborations that students have with their advisors.
recognized as one of the world’s finest programs for
entrepreneurship, finance, and accounting leadership. In
addition to degree programs, JGSB also offers Executive
Education programs ranging from energy management
certificate programs to custom programs that address
unique organizational challenges.
Rice also offers custom developed “deep dives” into
emerging technology areas. And our ongoing guest
lectures, workshops, and seminar series across campus
feature prominent researchers and industry and policy
leaders who explain the latest research and policy trends
and how they affect your business.
Big-data information technology looms large over the energy landscape. rice’s annual Oil and Gas High Performance Computing workshop focuses on rapidly changing technology and on making the most of software and software innovation. This popular networking forum explores industry challenges and highlights growing computational workforce opportunities at the nexus of the energy sector, the IT industry, and the academic community.
The Oshman engineering design Kitchen (OedK) gives undergraduates hands-on experience designing, prototyping, and deploying innovative solutions to real-world engineering projects. working with engineers from across many disciplines, our students learn how to apply multiple perspectives to a problem. In 2012, OedK teams won over 20 awards in regional, national, and international competitions, including the rice Solar Car Club, which designs, constructs, and races solar-powered vehicles.
P r o f e s s i o n a l M a s t e r yRice offers several postgraduate programs. In addition
to being a source of talent, they help busy professionals
and executives stay current with new trends and develop
solid science and technological foundations and a mas-
tery of the principles and methods of successful business
management – without career interruption.
Our Professional Master’s in Science and Engineering
programs offer cross-disciplinary curricula – blending
policy analysis, business training, and doctoral-level
STEM courses – to produce well-rounded technical
experts with the ability to synthesize strategies and
manage large projects and entire companies. Students
also complete hands-on training, typically an internship.
The Jones Graduate School of Business’ (JGSB)
Professional, Executive, and Full Time MBA is widely
e2i The Energy and Environment Initiative at Rice University
Leadership and Innovation for the 21st Century. Providing sufficient and sustainable energy
supplies for the coming century depends upon a collaborative and inclusive approach to the
challenge. A great triangle of forces – environmental, socio-economic, and technological –
struggle to achieve balance. The planet is overcrowded, and unless our technology can integrate
with the very real human dimensions of the equation, the likelihood of social disruption and
unrest will become increasingly likely. From our location in Houston – the world’s energy
capital – to our proven track record of innovative research across the sciences, Rice is taking
a vanguard role in this challenge. By bringing together the best minds in the sciences,
engineering, the humanities, and policy analysis, the Energy and Environment Initiative will
develop better solutions to current challenges and anticipate and resolve new challenges,
before they become new problems. We must develop dynamic collaborations with industry
leaders, government officials, and citizens to create a productive and sustainable future.