Rheumatoid Arthritis Vs Osteoarthritis
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Transcript of Rheumatoid Arthritis Vs Osteoarthritis
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITISVSOSTEOARTHRITISAnusha Reddy
FY1 General Surgery (UHCW) 25th Nov 2013
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
Multisystem Autoimmune Inflammatory Condition
SymmetricalPolyarthropathySmall joints
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Epidemiology
It can develop at any age, but typically starts between 40- 60 years
Female:Male (3:1)
Common Arthritis: 1 in 100 develop RA at some stage in their life
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Pathophysiology
Not completely elucidated!
Autoimmune Trigger Synovial cell
hyperplasia and endothelial cell activation uncontrolled inflammation bone destruction
Genetics
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Symptoms and Signs
Morning stiffness lasting ≥1 hour* Swelling in ≥3 joints* Swelling in hand joints* Symmetric joint swelling* Erosions or declacifications on xray of
hand Rhematoid nodules Abnormal serum RF*Must be present ≥6 weeks
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Extra-articular manifestations
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Investigations
Bloods FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP, RF anti CCP
Imaging
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Management
Conservative- weight loss, smoking cessation, OT
Pain relief- paracetamol + NSAIDS, Steroids
Disease modification – DMARDs and Biologics (Etanercept + Adalimumab)
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DMARDS
METHOTREXATE (first line)- oral ulcers, alopecia, GI upset, hepatotoxic
SULFASALAZINE- GI upset, less hepatotoxic
LEFLUNOMIDE- Liver cirrhosis, GI upset, alopecia
!GOLD- Rash, Glomerulonephropathy !PENICILLIAMINE- Rash, lupus-like illness
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Case 1
34 F presents 8/52 history of pain of the small joints in her hand. Pain worse first thing in the morning Associated with stiffness +++ Takes around 1 hours for the stiffness to go
away Feels more tired than usual Notices swollen hands
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Case 1
Social History Works as a secretary and has been late for
work- pain has disrupted her morning routine
Smokes 15 cigarettes/day Drinks <10units of wine/week
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Case 1
On Examination Slightly swollen over the MCP and PIP joints
of both hands. Tender +++ No obvious deformity Temp 37.5°C Injected right eye- non tender Skin changes°/ elbows°/scalp°
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Case 1
Differential Diagnosis Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis
SLE Sjogrens Syndrome Sarcoidosis Psoriatic Arthritis Polymyalgia Rheumatica
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Case 1
Investigations ? Bloods
FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP, (RF anti CCP) Imaging
Narrowing of joint spaces Soft tissue swelling Bony erosions Subluxation Periarticular osteopenia Joint deformity
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Management Conservative- smoking cessation Drugs
1) Pain relief 2) Disease modifying
Social Modifications at work Modifications at home
Case 1
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Osteoarthritis
Definition Degenerative joint disease A clinical syndrome of joint pain
accompanied by functional limitation and reduced QOL Hips Knees Small joints of hands
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Osteoarthritis
Risk factors Increasing age Women Obesity Joint injuries- sports/occupational repetitive
stress load
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Symptoms and Signs
Square thumb
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RA Vs. OA
Features Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Age of onset Can happen at any age
Usually later in life
Speed of onset Rapid- weeks to months
Slow- over years
Distribution Symmetrical polyarthritis
Initially asymmetrical monoarthritis polyarthritis
Joints affected Small joints of hands and feet
Weight bearing joints- knees, hips
Duration of morning stiffness
Stiffness worse in the morning >1hour
Stiffness <1hour and worse at the end of the day (after activity)
Systemic symptoms
Fatigue, fever, night sweats
-
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Investigation
Bloods FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP
Imaging- 4 cardinal signs on Xray? Subchondrial sclerosis Osteophytes Narrowing of joint space Subchondrial cysts
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Management
Management !THINK! Function- function-function
Conservative- muscle strengthening exercises + aerobic exercise
Drugs- Paracetamol + NSAIDS (top/oral) Intrarticular steroid injections as adjunct therapy
Surgery- indicated when PAIN/stiffness have a substantial impact on QOL
MDT- Physio, OT, GP
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Osteoarthritis- !THINK! Function
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Case 2
67 F presents with pain in the joints of her hands, mainly the thumbs. Pain worse after gardening Slight swelling present Pain eased by paracetamol
Hypertension (Amlodipine 5mg), retired secretary, never smoked and non-drinker
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Case 2 On examination
Not grossly defomed Squaring of the thumb
joint Tender over PIPs and
DIPs
Do her buttons and write her name with slight discomfort
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Case 2
Investigations ? Bloods
FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP
Imaging Subchondrial sclerosis Osteophytes Narrowing of joint space Subchondrial cysts
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Management
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References
Nice guidelines- Rheumatoid Arthritis (2009) http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/1213
1/43326/43326.pdf
Nice guidelines- Osteoarthritis (2008) http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/1192
6/39557/39557.pdf
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THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS??
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Hand Changes in RA
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Hand Changes in OA
Square thumb