Réf. : MPO NI n° 015/02 Mars Premier Ed. : 31 Date : 18-APRIL15 … · 2003-02-05 · jour, ce...

Mars PremierMAMBO

Réf. : MPO NI n° 015/02Ed. : 31 Date : 18-APRIL15-MAY-02Rév. : A Page : 1

LERMAO b s e r v a t o i r e d e P a r i s

6 1 a v e n u e d e l ' O b s e r v a t o i r eF - 7 5 0 1 4 P a r i s

Tél. : 33(0)1 40 51 20 06fax : 33(0)1 40 51 20 02

NOTE INTERNE

mamb MAMBO Project Office

Sender:GERMAIN Benoît SEGIME/LERMA

To:RICAUD Philippe Obs. BordeauxFORGET François LMD – IPSLDASSAS Karin LMD – IPSLCHASSEFIERE Eric LMD – IPSLBOONE Cathy IPSLGULKIS Samuel JPLJANSSEN Michael JPLFRERKING Margaret JPLHARTOGH Paul MPAeEMERICH Anders OMNISYSBEAUDIN Gérard LERMA – Obs ParisDESCHAMPS André LERMA – Obs ParisGHEUDIN Maurice LERMA – Obs ParisTHOMAS Bertrand LERMA – Obs ParisENCRENAZ Thérèse LESIA – Obs ParisLELLOUCH Emmanuel LESIA – Obs ParisSEMERY Alain LESIA – Obs Paris

Copy:GADEA Françoise LERMA

Subject: GROUND SEGMENT – EGSE & MISSION CENTRE

Prepared by: GERMAIN Benoît SEGIME

Validated by:

Mars PremierMAMBO


Table of contents

1 FOREWORD..................................................................................................................................................................... 66

2 DATA MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 66

2.1 THE MO-07 CONTROL CENTRE (MOCC): CNES....................................................................................................... 662.2 THE MAMBO SYSTEM FOR INTEGRATION AND TEST: NOT DEFINED YET................................................................... 772.3 THE MAMBO MISSION CENTRE (MMC): LMD: TO BE DEFINED............................................................................... 772.4 MAMBO DATA PRODUCTION CENTRE (MDPC): CDAP ........................................................................................... 772.5 MAMBO SCIENCE CENTRE (MSC): LMD/IPSL........................................................................................................ 772.6 MAMBO PUBLIC OUTREACH SERVER ..................................................................................................................... 887

3 DATA TRANSFER........................................................................................................................................................... 88

4 DATA ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVING.................................................................................................................... 10109

4.1 THE SCIENCE DATA PRODUCTS.............................................................................................................................. 101094.2 RESPONSABILITIES .............................................................................................................................................. 1111104.3 DATA ARCHIVING AND DATABASE ..................................................................................................................... 141413

5 GROUND-SEGMENT.............................................................................................................................................. 181817

5.1 MISSION CENTRE ................................................................................................................................................ 1818175.2 DATA PRODUCTION CENTRE............................................................................................................................... 181817

5.2.1 L1 tools...................................................................................................................................................... 1818175.2.2 L2 Tools..................................................................................................................................................... 1818175.2.3 L3 Tools..................................................................................................................................................... 1919185.2.4 L4 Tools..................................................................................................................................................... 2020195.2.5 Spectroscopy.............................................................................................................................................. 212120

6 SCIENCE CENTRE ................................................................................................................................................. 222221

6.1 MODELLING........................................................................................................................................................ 2222216.1.1 CTM........................................................................................................................................................... 2222216.1.2 GCM .......................................................................................................................................................... 222221

6.2 CLIMATOLOGY.................................................................................................................................................... 2222216.3 OFF-LINE ASSIMILATION ..................................................................................................................................... 2222216.4 FORECASTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 2222216.5 VALIDATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 2222216.6 SCIENCE WORKING GROUPS ................................................................................................................................ 222221

6.6.1 Martian Atmospheric Chemistry ............................................................................................................... 2323226.6.2 Martian Atmospheric Dynamics................................................................................................................ 2323226.6.3 Martian Radiative Balance........................................................................................................................ 2323226.6.4 Water Cycle ............................................................................................................................................... 2323226.6.5 Surface Parameters ................................................................................................................................... 232322

7 PUBLIC OUTREACH SERVER ............................................................................................................................ 232322

8 WORK PACKAGES AND TIME SCHEDULE .................................................................................................... 232322

9 COST STUDY ........................................................................................................................................................... 242423

Mars PremierMAMBO


9.1 A/B PHASES........................................................................................................................................................ 2424239.2 COÛTS ET CHARGES DE DÉVELOPPEMENT RÉFÉRENCE DÉBUT 2002 .................................................................... 242423

9.2.1 Coût phase C-D centre de mission et de traitement scientifique ............................................................... 2424239.2.2 Coûts phase C/D centre de développement niveau 0-1 ............................................................................. 2525249.2.3 Coûts phase C/D centre de développement niveau 1-2 ............................................................................. 262625

9.3 CHARGES DE DÉVELOPPEMENT : ......................................................................................................................... 2626259.4 COÛTS ET CHARGES ANNUELS DE MAINTENANCE ET D'EXPLOITATION ...........................ERREUR! SIGNET NON DÉFINI.

9.4.1 Centre de mission ....................................................................................................... Erreur! Signet non défini.9.4.2 Centre de développement L0-L1................................................................................. Erreur! Signet non défini.9.4.3 Centre de développement L1-L2................................................................................. Erreur! Signet non défini.

9.5 AUTRES COÛTS ANNEXES...............................................................................................ERREUR! SIGNET NON DÉFINI.

Mars PremierMAMBO


Glossarynone

Mars PremierMAMBO


Applicable Documents

AD1 none

Reference Documents

RD1 Note “Projet MAMBO - Estimation financière très grossière du segment sol scientifique”, F. Girod,11-JAN-02, CNES

RD2 CNES Proposal for CDAP, E. Chassefière, LMD, Avril-02.

RD3

RD4

Mars PremierMAMBO


1 FOREWORD

Les estimations fournies dans ce document ne sont pas consolidées. Elles ne peuvent servir que pourdes études très préalables de choix de mission.Ne sont fournis que les coûts de développement et d'exploitation dans un contexte industriel pour lecentre de mission et de développement de laboratoire pour les chaînes de traitement.Outre une estimation plus fine en fonction d'une meilleure connaissance de l'organisation dedéveloppement, il faudra intégrer les charges des scientifiques et chercheurs du CNRS, et lescharges des ingénieurs responsables du développement du centre de mission (Chef de projet,expertise technique, assurance qualité, sécurité,…)

The Ground data system (GDS) implementation minimizes cost and reduces schedule riskthrough extensive use of legacy systems in both the pre-mission and mission phases.

Individual components of the GDS will transition from I&T to mission operations.The same operations team will support the MAMBO mission throughout all phases to reduce costs andrisk by taking advantage of the established knowledge base and expertise.

2 DATA MANAGEMENTThe MAMBO GDS consists of the following four distributed components:

Below is how I can imagine MAMBO to be managed:1- A control centre (CNES): responsible for the production of L0 data, interacts with the

platform and the mission centre.2- A MAMBO mission centre (LMD): scientifically responsible for the MAMBO mission,

determines operation modes, interacts with the data production centre, the sciencecentre, and the control centre. Requires minimum the science PI, instrumental PI, platformPI, ground-segment PI.

3- A Data Production Centre (CDAP) to produce official MAMBO data : production of L1, L2,L3 and L4 data.

4- A science Centre (TBD: one single or various centres) gathering modelling, off-lineassimilation, science working groups, validation, exogen data, forecasts, etc.

5- A Public Outreach Server, opened to a wide scientific and non-scientific community givingon the net almost real-time info on the MAMBO project.

2.1 The MO-07 Control Centre Orbiteur (MOCC): CNESIt ensures Test Telemetry & Command, and Flight Operations.

Ce centre envoie à la plateforme les télécommandes plate-forme et les télécommandesinstruments. Les télécommandes intruments sont préparées à partir du PTCU (Plan de travailCharge Utile). Le MOCC reçoit laes télémesures de la plate-forme et celles des instruments. Au

Mars PremierMAMBO


niveau télémesure, ce centre prépare les niveaux 0 en traitant les erreurs de transmission et enséparant les paquets de télémesure en fonction des différents instruments.

Ce centre reçoit de la part du centre de mission Mambo un PTCU tous les 3 jours.

Il transmet au centre de mission MamboLes prédictions d'orbites nécessaires à la constitution d'un PTCULa télémésure L0 Mambo prétraitéeLes données auxilaires (time, orbit data, Instrumental informations,…)

2.2 The MAMBO System for Integration and Test: not defined yet.

Under LMD/LERMA responsibility (Program manager).

2.3 The MAMBO Mission Centre (MMC): LMD: to be definedIt interacts with MOCC.It ensures mission analysis and planning and the instrument scheduling. It prepares the PTUCand sends them to MOCC. It receives L0 data and auxiliary data from MOCC. It controls L0validity before to send them to Mambo Data production Centre.It coordinates the science analysis with the MAMBO Science Centre.

(il peut en exister un par instrument -> MAMBO) : préparation des modes opératoires desinstruments, réalisation des télécommandes qui sont ensuite transmises au centre de contrôle,récupération des données de niveau 0, production des niveau 1.

Under LMD responsibility. Location of the Mission Centre is TBD (CST/CNES or LMD/Jussieu).

To me, the production of L1 data is part of the Data Production Centre and is of theresponsibility of the lab involved in the development of the MAMBO instrument, namelyObs Paris-Meudon.

2.4 MAMBO Data Production Centre (MDPC): CDAP

Production of L1, L2, L3 and L4 data, analysis tools and quicklooks.

2.5 MAMBO Science Centre (MSC): LMD/IPSL

Modelling, scientific interpretation through science working groups, forecasts, validation, exogendata, off-line assimilation.

The Science Centre of MAMBO and DYNAMO could be merged. This integration would facilitate thescientific interpretation of data.

Mars PremierMAMBO


2.6 MAMBO Public Outreach Server

This server is the link between the MAMBO project and the community outside the MAMBO project. Thisserver should be opened to scientists and non-scientists. Since the information presented given shouldbe understandable by any kind of publics, we may envisage a two-layer server with outstanding scientificresults and with high quality images and simple explanations for non-specialists.

3 DATA TRANSFERMAMBO est une charge utile scientifique de l'orbiteur mars2007. L'envoi des télécommandes etla réception de la télémesure scientifique sont pris en compte par le système de contrôle del'orbiteur. La capacité estimée de volume de transmission de télémesure scientifique est de200Mb/jour pour MAMBO . Le volume possible pour chacun dépend du nombre de charges utilesembarquées. Pour L'instant le volume attribuable à Mambo est compris entre -160 (TBC)Mbits/jour.

Mars PremierMAMBO


Publ icOutre a ch

Se rve r

Contr ol Cent reP r emi e r Mission

Ope rations Cent erCNES, Toul ouse

MAMBOData

P roductionCent re

De ep Spac eStat ions

DSNPayl oad and Navigat ion

Oper ati ons Cent erJPL, Pa sadena

De ep Spa ceStation (SSL)

CNES

Orbite rF lightSyste m

MAMBOradi o-spe ctrom etr i c

m easur e m ents

P r emi e r P r oje ct Ele m ent

MAMB O Proj e ct E leme nt

Ext ernal element supporting thePremier projec t

De ep Spac e GroundSt ations Network

MAMBOMissionCent re

MAMBOSc ienceCent re

MAMB O Ground-Se gmen t

MAMBO MARS PREMIER data management

Volume estimé de données niveau 0: ODIN/SMR fournit 400 MOctets de télémesure par jourpour 2 Récepteurs. Dans le cadre de MAMBO avec 2 récepteurs, l'hypothèse serait de 400MOctets par jour. Avec un taux de compression de 10, le volume serait ramené à 40 MOctets parjour, ce qui est 1.5 fois supérieur au volume attribué. Ce point de faisabilité sera à éclaircir.

Le volume de donnée influe sur les coûts matériels (besoins de stockage, capacité decalculs) et sur les coûts d'exploitation. Les chiffres fournis seront à revoir lors des étudesplus poussées en fonction du volume réel

Mars PremierMAMBO


4 DATA ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVING

The focus of the data reduction and analysis effort is to produce:1. a complete set of raw data ! MMC2. a set of calibrated data ! MDPC3. a set of analysed derived physical parameters! MDPC4. a set of slightly evoluted data (e.g. zonal means, time averages, etc.) ! MDPC5. a set of assimilated data (e.g. synoptic global-scale data, forecasts, etc.) ! MDPC

4.1 The science data products

• level 0: uncompressed raw data combined with spacecraft-pointing data

• level 1: calibrated spectra at location and time of the measurements (either tangent height or “nadir”point at the surface)

• level 2: locally derived vertical profiles of geophysical parameters

• Level 3: slightly evoluted geophysical data, e.g. zonal averages, time averages

• Level 4: highly evoluted geophysical data, namely assimilation of data from either calibrated spectraor geophysical parameters

The data reduction and analysis process is summarized in the figure below.

Mars PremierMAMBO


M iss ion

MAR S PRE MIEROperat ions Centre

RawCompressedData

Orb italPosi t ion

Pointing Pos ition Tag LE VEL 1

LE VEL 2

LE VEL 3

DataDecompress ion

LE VEL 0

Brightness TemperatureFrequency Cali brated

Spectra

MAM BOM iss ionCentre

Retrieval ofTemperature, Pressure, Winds, and

Geophys ical parameters

T i me averageZonal means

LE VEL 4Ass imi lated dataGlobal maps

Data Product Processing and Archiving

The time release (schedule of data delivery) of the data products is TBD.

4.2 Responsabilities

The MAMBO Mission Centre, the MAMBO Data Production Centre, the MAMBO Science Centre, andthe MAMBO Public Outreach Server form the MAMBO ground-Segment. Each centre together with thedifferent activities within the centre is under the responsibility of specified laboratories or spaceagencies. These laboratories or space agencies will have to develop tools to achieve their goals. In thecase of the MAMBO Data Production Centre (MDPC), the laboratories responsible for the production ofthe levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 data will be named primary data centres. The tools developed in the primary datacentres will be named production tools and will be installed in the MDPC where official MAMBO data willbe produced, stored and archived. Other laboratories or agencies within the MAMBO community may

Mars PremierMAMBO


also want to develop tools for participating in the effort of validation and for improving the productiontools. These laboratories or agencies will be named secondary data centres and will producedevelopment tools. The official MAMBO data will reside at the MDPC. All the centres (primary andsecondary) will work on development tools. The primary data centres will be responsible for the deliveryof a production tool that will enable the production of official MAMBO data. Hopefully, the productiontools will benefit from the strong collaboration between the primary and secondary centres, based ondiscussions, inter-comparisons, workshops, etc.Below is a list of laboratories and space agencies involved in the production and development of toolsrelated to the MAMBO official data deliveries.

Table: MAMBO Mission Centre

Topics Primary Mission Centre PI

MMC CNES, Toulouse (France)

Topics Secondary Mission Centre PI

MMC LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

Table: MAMBO Data Production Centre

Level Primary Data Centre PI

MDPC LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

1 Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris (France) G. Beaudin

2 Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floirac (France) P. Ricaud

3 Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris (France) T. Encrenaz

4 LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

Level Secondary Data Centre PI

1 Max Planck, Lindau (Germany) P. Hartogh

1 Omnysis, Stockholm (Sweden) A. Emrich

1 JPL, Pasadena (USA)

1 Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floirac (France) J. Urban

2 Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris (France) E. Lellouch

Mars PremierMAMBO



2 Chalmers, Götenburg (Sweden) D. Murtagh

2 JPL, Pasadena (USA) M. Jansenn



3 JPL, Pasadena (USA) M. Jansenn

4 Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floirac (France) P. Ricaud


Table: MAMBO Science Centre

Topics Primary Data Centre PI

MSC LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

Modelling Service d’Aéronomie, Paris (France) F. Lefèvre

Validation Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris (France) E. Lellouch

Topical Science groups LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

Forecasts LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

Table: MAMBO Science Centre

Topics Secondary Data Centre PI

Modelling

Validation Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floirac (France) J. Urban

Topical Science groups Includes minimum all the labs

Forecasts Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floirac (France) P. Ricaud

Table: MAMBO Public Outreach Server

Mars PremierMAMBO


Topics Primary Public Outreach Server PI

MPOS LMD, Paris (France) F. Forget

Topics Secondary Public Outreach Server PI

MPOS Observatoire de Bordeaux, Floirac (France) P. Ricaud

4.3 Data Archiving and DatabaseAlthough the primary data centres have been clearly identified, it might be wise to centralize the differentproduction tools in one centre, excluding the production of L0 data. This center might be regarded bothas a production centre and as a data base for storing and archiving official MAMBO products.

The PDC might indeed be part of a global Planetology database project (E. Chassefière) which has beensubmitted to CNES in response to the April AO. In terms of production tools, the minimum requirement isthat the PDC will contain L1 and L2 production tools, L3 and L4 production tools might be run in theprimary data centres and sent to the PDC offline. A great benefit of the PDC to the planetologycommunity will certainly be to have all the production tools located in the same centre, in order to have arapid access to the different official MAMBO data. Another benefit of the PDC inserted in a globalplanetology data base will be to deal efficiently with exogen data in the validation phase. Indeed, thedatabase will help the cross-interpretation of data between MAMBO and other instruments (MarsExpress, Rosetta,…). This might be achieved through the management of a Planetary Atmosphere DataCentre (CDAP), based at IPSL and CNES technical support.

CDPP P lasmas

CDSP Surfa c es(en proj et)

C D APAt m osp h ères(en p r o jet)

POLEStru cturei ntern e

(en p r o jet)

Photot èqu eOrsay

Pla nét o l o g ie

E xtéri e ur:- DLR ( im a ges)- PDSetc.

Mars PremierMAMBO


Global Planetary database management

Using the ETHER (French atmospheric data base including Odin satellite analysis tools) experience, theCDAP will propose to planetologists some added value services like L1, L2, L3 and L4 quick-looks,general information on planetology satellite projects, interfaces with other sets of data as chemical-transport model, general circulation model, etc.

Follows recapitulative tables of current/future planetology projects.

Mars PremierMAMBO


TABLEAU DES EXPERIENCES ET MISSIONS PRÉVUES AU POLE DE PLANETOLOGIE DE L’IPSL

MISSION MARS-EXPRESS DE L’ESA

SPICAM light PI IKI, IASB 2004 Ozone, H2O, aérosols

martiens

spectro UV/VIS/NIR

OMEGA Co-Iship

envisagé ( ?)

IAS, LESIA 2004 Minéralogie + composition

atmosphérique

Spectro-imageur IR

SONDE HUYGENS DE L’ESA ET ORBITEUR CASSINI DE LA NASA

ACP PI LISA, GSFC 2004 Composition aérosols de

Titan

Collecteur-pyroliseur d’aérosols,

couplé GCMS.

GCMS Co-I LISA, GSFC (PI) 2004 Composition atmosphère

de Titan

GCMS.

PAMPRE (exp.

labo support ACP

et Cassini)

PI LISA, GREMI 2003 Synthèse aérosols :

microphysique, chimie ;

interaction

plasma/poussières

Chambre plasma à décharge

radiofréquence.

PARTICIPATIONS À DES EXPERIENCES EMBARQUEES SUR L’ISS

ICAPS Co-I Univ. Iena (PI), ENSPS 2005 Propriétés d’agrégation,

diffusion lumineuse

Chambre instrumentée.

IMPF Co-I Univ. Münich (PI), GREMI 2005 Expériementation plasma Chambre instrumentée.

ORBITEUR MARS/PREMIER MO-07 DU CNES

DYNAMO (CU

intégrée)

PI CESR, LPCE, IPGP, LPG,

Univ. Boston, Michigan,

Berkeley

2008 Haute atmosphère,

échappement

Ensemble spectros de masse/

sondeur UV

DEMAI/

DYNAMO

PI LPCE, IASB, Univ.

Michigan

2008 Composition, dynamique

haute atmosphère

Spectro de masse neutres et ions, +

suprathermiques

SOURCE/

DYNAMO

PI LPG, Univ. Boston (Co-PI) 2008 Composition haute

atmosphère

Spectromètre EUV

MAMBO PI LERMA, LESIA, L3AB,

JPL

2008 Dynamique de la moyenne

et basse atmosphère

Spectromètre micro-onde

Cellule à

absorption H/D

PI IASB 2008 Vents thermosphériques,

rapport D/H

Cellules à absorption hydrogène et

deutérium.

NIRGAL PI IKI, IASB 2008 Mesure nadir poussière et Spectromètre AOTF IR.

Mars PremierMAMBO


vapeur d’eau

Spicam/ Soir PI IKI, IASB 2008 Id. Spicam Spectromètre UV/VIS/NIR.

RESEAU NETLANDER DU CNES (& MISSION SCOUT PASCAL DE LA NASA?)

ODS/ ATMIS Co-I FMI (PI) 2008 opacité atmosphérique Senseur optique zénith

SMART LANDERS 2009 DE LA NASA

PALOMA PI MAGIE (Co-PI), Gaz Rares

Orsay, Univ. Michigan

2010 Composition

atmosphérique : isotopes

gaz rares

Spectro masse + ligne séparation

gaz

SAM Co-I GSFC (PI) 2010 analyse sol, sous-sol,

molécules biologiques

CGMS, four à dérivatisation.

TDLAS PI IKI 2010 H2O et ses isotopes Cuve diode laser

MISSION ROSETTA DE L’ESA

CONSERT Co-I LPG (PI) 2011 Structure noyau cométaire. Radar

ALICE Co-I SWRI (PI) 2011 Composition atmosphère

cométaire

Spectromètre UV

COSAC Co-I MPAe (PI) 2011 Composition surface

cométaire

GCMS

MISSION BEPICOLOMBO DE L’ESA

Search

Coil/MMO

Co-I ISAS (PI) 2011 Activité ondulatoire

magnétosphérique.

capteurs magnétique

Spectromètre

ions/MMO

Co-I ISAS (PI) 2011 Composition et dynamique

de la magnétosphère

Spectrométrie de masse et

d’énergie des ions.

EUVS/MPO PI ISAS (Co-PI), IKI, Univ.

Arizona

2011 Composition exosphère,

réflectance surface

Spectromètres UV et EUV.

LIDNIS/

MSE

PI CRPG, JPL 2011 Composition

volatiles/régolite,

sputtering

Laser à désorption couplé à

spectromètre de masse

Mars PremierMAMBO


5 GROUND-SEGMENTThe core of the MAMBO ground segment will consist of a

a) Mission Centreb) Data Production Centrec) Science Centred) Public Outreach Server.

5.1 Mission Centre

The Mission Centre is in charge of a operationability of the MAMBO instrument. The centre will produceL0 products (raw data) that will be needed by the Data Production Centre in order to produce L1 data(calibrated spectra), L2 (vertical profiles of geophysical quantity), L3 (evoluted data as zonal average),and L4 (assimilated data). The centre will also be responsible for the development and the validation ofthe different modes of operation of MAMBO instrument.

5.2 Data Production Centre

5.2.1 L1 toolsFrom L0 data representing a collection of raw data from both the platform and the MAMBO instrument,tools will be developed in order to obtain calibrated spectra. Calibration methodology is usually based onthe measurements at regular intervals of the radiation coming from an absorber emitting like a blackbodyat know temperature (usually referred as hot load), and from radiation coming from space (usuallyreferred as cold load). The frequency of the calibration scheme needs to be investigated but a fullcalibration (i.e. hot and cold loads) every two scans (ascending and descending) is certainly a goodstarting point. The development of L1 tools requires a perfect knowledge of the MAMBO hardware, ofthe platform characteristics, and of the scientific requirements.Quicklook tools will also be developed and be accessible on the net in order to rapidly evaluate thequality of L1 data produced.

5.2.2 L2 ToolsOperational 1D forward- and retrieval models dedicated to the retrieval of stratospheric trace gas profilesfrom sub-mm wave limb emissions as measured by the Sub-Millimeter Radiometer (SMR) instrumentaboard the Odin satellite have recently been developed in France (Baron, 1999). This tool is namedMicrowave Odin Line Estimation and Retrieval (MOLIERE). For the duration of a limb scan, the radiativetransfer model assumes a homogeneous spherically stratified atmosphere, an assumption which isjustified for the stratosphere and mesosphere of the Earth, except for special situations e.g. at the edgesof the polar vortices where strong horizontal gradients have to be expected. The model is thuscharacterised by the retrieval of a 1D vertical trace gas profile from a 1D vector of quasi-simultaneouslymeasured limb radiances. The 1D forward model also provides the weighting functions required by the

Mars PremierMAMBO


1D retrieval model. Employed retrieval method is the so-called "Optimal Estimation" method (Rodgers,1976), a least-squares method that allows a priori knowledge to be taken into account with the aim ofstabilising the often ill-posed inversion problem. The inverse error covariance matrices of the spectralmeasurement and the a priori data are used as relative weights by the linear retrieval methodology. Theimplemented algorithms allow for an elegant linear error treatment and provide diagnostics such asinformation on the altitude resolution as well as on correlations between retrieved parameters. The non-linearity of the retrieval problem, important for the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere altituderange, is usually treated using an iterative Levenberg-Marquard scheme. It should be pointed out thatthe methods allow, besides the retrieval of the trace gas abundances, the estimation of typically criticalbut unknown instrumental parameters such as e.g. an offset in the absolute angular antenna pointing.Based on this experience, more sophisticated modular forward models have been developed MAMBOrecently by (Urban, 2000), providing a solid basis for the development of the multi-dimensional codesrequired for MAMBO. It should also be pointed out that, after the successful launch of the Odin satellitein February 2001, it is expected that the MAMBO ground-segment will benefit a lot from the practicalexperience to be gained by the team with respect to Odin 1D retrievals.A full 2D forward and retrieval model allowing data of a large section of an orbit to be analysedsimultaneously in order to provide 2 dimensional information on the state of the Martian atmosphere ifobservations are performed in the orbit plane. The 2D model development is thereby expected to benefitfrom the experience of the team gained by developing the Odin 1D ground segment. Assimilation of 2DMAMBO data in state-of-the-art 3D atmospheric chemistry and transport models will furthermore providea valuable tool for analysing the MAMBO observations together with data distributed irregularly in timeand space provided by instruments that differ in nature, resolution, and accuracy. Supplementary studiesproviding auxiliary data, e.g. with respect to critical spectroscopic parameters or cloud/aerosol opticalproperties, are also considered as an important part of the ground-segment. Indeed, if MAMBO soundsthe Martian atmosphere's limb in direction of the satellite track, multiple subsequent limb measurementstaken at different horizontal positions of the so-called tangent-point thus contain information on the 2Dstructure of the atmosphere. The MAMBO ground-segment will therefore consist of a full 2D forward andretrieval model allowing data of a large section of an orbit to be analysed simultaneously and hence toexploit the full spatial information contained in the measurement. Compared to a standard 1D retrieval,employing this method improves the purely geometric horizontal resolution by approximately a factor of3-4 and thus provides well resolved information.The radiative transfer model will calculate limb radiances as measured by MAMBO using a 2D input fieldcontaining the atmospheric abundances as a function of a vertical and a horizontal (along-track)coordinate. The inversion model will then in turn provide a 2D output field of trace gas abundances,derived from the 2D measurements using weighting functions computed by the 2D forward model foreach retrieval parameter. While basic physics can be simply translated from the 1D to the 2D case,numerical efficiency is an issue for the practical implementation of an operational code dealing with verylarge matrices.Quicklook tools will also be developed and be accessible on the net in order to rapidly evaluate thequality of L2 data produced.

5.2.3 L3 Tools

A first analysis tools to be developped when L2 data are available is the production of slightly evoluteddata as for instance zonal averages and time averages, namely L3 data. These kinds of data helps

Mars PremierMAMBO


characterizing systematic biases in the retrievals when zonally averaging data or help detecting(atmospheric or instrumental) trends in data when daily averaging data.Quicklook tools will also be developed and be accessible on the net in order to rapidly evaluate thequality of L3 data produced.

5.2.4 L4 Tools

Assimilation of 1D or 2D MAMBO data in state-of-the-art 3D atmospheric models will furthermoreallow us to access the predicted state of the Martian atmosphere for any time and location.

Figure 21. MSDOL tool applied to the Earth atmosphere: model O3 field at 22 hPa on 6 August2001 at 00 UT (left), and model O3 field at 22 hPa assimilated with Odin/SMR O3 at 501 GHz over

the whole day of 5 August 2001 (right).

The basic concepts of data assimilation have been developed for numerical weather prediction andrecently applied to the analysis of data for atmospheric constituents (Fisher and Larry, 1995; Khattatovet al., 1999). Data assimilation is a powerful tool for analysis of observations provided by instrumentsthat differ in nature, resolution, and accuracy, and are distributed irregularly in time and space. This

Mars PremierMAMBO


technique also allows one to efficiently compare remotely sensed data with in situ data. Consequently, itis a tool particularly well dedicated for validating satellite data. First attempts of assimilating O3 fromOdin/SMR were performed using the French MSDOL tool.As large amounts of new data become available from satellite missions, several chemical assimilationschemes are currently developed to analyze the available data or prepare the future missions. Dataassimilation methods have e.g. recently been developed for ENVISAT/GOMOS (Fierli et al., 2001) andare in development for Odin (Baron et al., 2001b). Recent papers describe how data assimilation canimprove our knowledge on the distribution of ozone (Jeuken et al., 1999; Elbern and Schmidt, 1999) andcarbon monoxide (Clerbaux et al., 2001).Assimilation also allows us to follow the temporal and spatial development of species that we do notmeasure but that are chemically linked and controlled by measured species.The MAMBO data analysis could benefit from these techniques in different ways:Retrieved horizontally and vertically resolved trace gas abundances can be assimilated by 3D models inorder to study chemistry and transport of air masses.Alternatively, the 2D forward- and inversion model might be coupled to the 3D model of the atmospherein order to allow direct assimilation of MAMBO brightness temperatures.The advantages are the use of physical information in the model such as non homogeneousdistributions, a physical link between the model state and the temperature and pressure distributionensuring a self consistent retrieval of all the information contained in the measurements.Work is currently ongoing concerning the sequential assimilation of MOZAIC data (in a flux followingcoordinate system) and the development of a 4D-var system for MOCAGE is programmed over the nextfew years. The assimilation of MAMBO data would result in a better description of the dynamics andchemistry than in the raw model, and in improved 4D fields. The assimilated fields would be the basis ofseveral studies, as realistic upwards and downwards fluxes are still quite uncertain in this crucialexchange region. The sequential or variational analyses would be made available to the other projectparticipants and to the scientific community.Quicklook tools will also be developed and be accessible on the net in order to rapidly evaluate thequality of L4 data produced.

5.2.5 SpectroscopyIt is well established that the accuracy of trace gas retrievals depends critically on the knowledge of thespectroscopic forward model line parameters (e.g. Urban, 2000; Bauer, 1998). At millimetre wavelengthline positions are generally known with sufficient precision for MAMBO of the main atmosphericabsorbing gases, and it appears from usual databases that a crucial problem is related to theparameters describing the pressure broadening of target and interfering species. This was recently againhighlighted at the international NATO Workshop on "Spectroscopy from Space" (Bratislava, SlovakRepublic, November 1-4, 2000). Values obtained from ab-initio calculations are not accurate enough andlaboratory measurements to study the variations of the line widths as a function of the temperature andthe nature of the perturbing gas are indispensable. It is therefore envisaged to review the existingspectroscopic data for the MAMBO spectral bands (e.g. Colmont et al., 1999; Priem et al. 2000) and toperform laboratory measurements for line parameters which are not yet known with sufficient accuracy.

Mars PremierMAMBO


6 SCIENCE CENTRE

6.1 Modelling

6.1.1 CTM

6.1.2 GCM

6.2 Climatology

In order to build a climatology as an a priori information for the “Optimal Estimation Method” used toretrieve vertical profiles, it is expected that outputs from the 3D CTM and 3D GCM will be used. Theseoutputs will be averaged from the surface to 120 km altitude into 10° latitude bins, 12 months or 4seasons, and day and night depending upon the sensitivity of the species to the solar zenith angle.

6.3 Off-line assimilation

Different assimilation schemes will be used in parallel to the official production tool creating real-time L4data.

6.4 Forecasts

We expect that 24-hour forecasts will be available as a non official product at the beginning of theMAMBO mission. Depending on the results, these forecats might be available as standard officialproduct by the end of the mission.

6.5 Validation

It is expected that each geophysical parameters from temperature and winds to atmospheric speciesmeasured by MAMBO will be individually validated by comparison with exogen data either from models,or from other sets of Martian measurements. Exogen measurements could be satellite-borne or ground-based data from other Martian projects, or from measurements from the Earth, either ground-based orsatellite-borne instrumentations.

6.6 Topical science groups

We envisage the formation of science working groups dedicated to the interpretation of the MAMBOresults, and also involved in the elaboration of the operation modes in order that MAMBO fulfils all theexpected scientific issues.

Mars PremierMAMBO


6.6.1 Martian Atmospheric Chemistry

6.6.2 Martian Atmospheric Dynamics

6.6.3 Martian Radiative Balance

6.6.4 Water Cycle

6.6.5 Surface Parameters

7 PUBLIC OUTREACH SERVER

In parallel to the elaboration of the MAMBO scientific ground-segment, it is clearly envisaged to developa internet site open to a wide scientific and non-scientific community in order to give real-timeinformation of the MAMBO project evolution and once orbiting around Mars, in order to give real-timescientific results about the Martian atmosphere composition and dynamics.One year after MAMBO has started operating, it is expected to publicly release a set of MAMBO data.

8 WORK PACKAGES AND TIME SCHEDULE

Mars PremierMAMBO


��

��

WP Tasks

WP 1 MAMBOLaunchMars ArrivalMission lifetimeExtended Mission

WP2 MMCL0 ToolsOperation Modes

WP3 MDPCL1 Tools developed in PDCL2 Tools developed in PDCL3 Tools developed in PDCL4 Tools developed in PDCImplements Tools in MDPCRehearsalMDPC Developement: data base, IHM, ...Quicklook toolsImprovement of L1-L4 tools

WP4 MSCModellingAssimilationClimatologyValidationScience Working groupsForecasts

WP5 MPOSDevelopment in parallel with MDPCInformation relative to MAMBOPublic Release

��

2012��

2011��

2010��

2009��

2008��

2007��

2006��

2005��

2004��

20032002��

��

��

��

��

��

9 GLOBAL COST ESTIMATION

9.1 A/B PhasesPre-studies both in labs and at the CNES : 300 k€

9.2 Development Costs

Only costs representative of the developments in the Primary Data Centres are presented below.

9.2.1 C-D Phases : Mission Centre

Mars PremierMAMBO


Topics Estimation (k€) References EstimaPrimary Structure:- data archive, catalogues,distribution web server, softwareversion management, softwaredevelopment

450 450 k€ for the Demeter mission Centreincluding the preparation of telecommands300 k€ for Ether/IPSL: only management ofdata and softwares

200

Basic softwares and hardwaresDevelopment, maintenance, andproduction configurations

250 75 k€ to buy ETHER/IPSL hardwares, but lackof computing power to analyse Odin data, lackof hard disks250 k€ Demeter costs

100

Softwares to preparetelecommands

290 No costs to compare with.144290 k€ corresponds to 12 man.year at 12 k€per man.month. This estimation depends on thecomplexity of programs, the number ofoperating modes and security constraintsimposed by the Project ManagerSupposed to be industrial development

144

S/W to track instrument parameterevolutions and calibrations

260 As above.Supposed to be industrial development

144

Total 1500 588

9.2.2 C/D Phases : Primary data centreData Production Centre

9.2.2.1 C/D Phases: L1 production ToolsTopics Estimation (k€) References EstimatH/W 25 25 k€ corresponds to the Odin H/W

configuration in Bordeaux which is very limited25

Web-oriented S/W(incl. Quicklooks)

75 Total of the different contracts with SILOGICfor the Odin L2 chain including the MOLIEREoptimisation

75

L1 S/W (L0 ! L1) 430 Cost of the L1 ! L2 tool developed inBordeaux for Odin. Development internal to alaboratory.

500

Total 530 600

Mars PremierMAMBO


9.2.2.2 C/D Phases: L2 production toolsTopics Estimation (k€) References EstimatH/W 225 25 k€ corresponds to the Odin H/W



7540 Total of the different contracts with SILOGICfor the Odin L2 chain including the MOLIEREoptimisation 75 K€.Re-use

40

L2 S/W (L1! L2) 430 2 PhDs for 3.5 years, 1 half-time engineer for 2years (40 k€ per year)=335 k€, andindustrialization (60 k€). Here, we keep cut thesame PhD cost but add a full-time engineerwithout industrialization (130 k€).Development internal to a laboratory like Odin

250

Total 530 315




75 Total of the different contracts with SILOGICfor the Odin L2 chain including the MOLIEREoptimisation

50

L3 S/W (L2! L3) 50 The development of this kind of softwarerequires much less manpower than L1, L2 andL4 tools

50

Total 150 120




75 75 k€ Total of the different contracts withSILOGIC for the Odin L2 chain including theMOLIERE optimisation

50

L4 S/W (L2! L4) 430 No information yet.Development internal to a laboratory like Odin,

250

Mars PremierMAMBO


but re-use of laboratory studies

Total 530 325

9.2.3 C/D Phases Data production centreTopics Estimation (k€) ReferencesH/W 100 Ether hardware costL1, L2, L3, L4 Software integration 150 Ether cost

Total 250

9.2.39.2.4 C/D Phases: Science CentreTopics Estimation (k€) ReferencesH/W 25 25 k€ corresponds to the Odin H/W

configuration in Bordeaux which is very limitedWeb-oriented S/WIncl. Added-value services toaccess model, validation,climatology, off-line assimilationand forecasts data

75

Total 100

9.2.49.2.5 C/D Phases: Public Outreach ServerTopics Estimation (k€) References EstimatH/W 25 25 k€ corresponds to the Odin H/W


Web-oriented S/Wincl. Quicklooks of selected data

75 60

Total 100 70

9.3 Charges de développement :Nnon estimés car correspondent à des activités de scientifiques ou d'ingénieurs des laboratoires etéventuellement du CNES.Charge de responsable de projet pour la réalisation des structures d'accueil et de la chaîne depréparation des télécommandes de la phase 0 à la fin de phase D : ?Charge de spécification et de suivi des développements dans les laboratoires pour :

Le logiciel de préparation de télécommande : ?Les logiciels de surveillance instrumentale et de suivi des calibrations : ?

Mars PremierMAMBO


les logiciels niveau 0-1 : ?les logiciels niveau 1-2 : ?Les logiciels de niveau supérieur et quicklook : ?

9.4 Yearly CostsHigh-flow data transfer the Control Centre to the Mission Centre may not be required. Depends onthe data rate and flow.

9.4.1 Mission CentreCoût maintenance matérielle et logicielle : (hors chaînes scientifiques L0-L1 et L1-L2): en moyenne 15%du coût de développement, incluant une marge pour des évolutions : 1410 kf90 k€Charge humaine pour l'exploitation informatique et applicative du centre de mission et de traitementscientifique : 12 homme*an . Si sous traitance: 1000 kf/anCharge d'étude du comportement de l'instrument et du suivi des calibrations: ?

9.4.2 Data Production CentrePrimary Data CentreCoût maintenance matérielle et logicielle pour les 3 centres: en moyenne 15% du coût dedéveloppement, incluant une marge pour des évolutions: 204 k€550 kfCharge humaine pour l'exploitation et la gestion d'un centre de développement: 3*1,5 homme/an. (SurODIN Bordeaux 1 ingénieur de l'observatoire à plein temps pour gérer la chaîne de traitement ODIN,plus une personne à mi temps pour gérer les données)Charge d'analyse scientifique des données et évolution des logiciels: ?

9.4.3 Data production centreCoût maintenance matérielle et logicielle : en moyenne 15% du coût de développement, incluant unemarge pour des évolutions : 40 k€Charge humaine pour l'exploitation informatique et applicative du centre de mission: 2 homme*an . Sisous traitance: 154k€/anCharge d'étude du comportement de l'instrument et du suivi des calibrations: ?

9.4.39.4.4 Science CentreCoût maintenance matérielle et logicielle pour chaque centre : en moyenne 15% du coût dedéveloppement, incluant une marge pour des évolutions: 16 k€ 550 kfCharge humaine pour l'exploitation et la gestion d'un centre de développement:0,51,5 homme/an. (SurODIN Bordeaux 1 ingénieur de l'observatoire à plein temps pour gérer la chaîne de traitement ODIN,plus une personne à mi temps pour gérer les données)Charge d'analyse scientifique des données et évolution des logiciels: ?

Mars PremierMAMBO


9.4.49.4.5 Public Outreach Server

9.5 Other Costs

9.5.1 Missions

9.5.2 Miscellaneous

Réf. : MPO NI n° 015/02 Mars Premier Ed. : 31 Date : 18-APRIL15 … · 2003-02-05 · jour, ce...

Documents

Transcript of Réf. : MPO NI n° 015/02 Mars Premier Ed. : 31 Date : 18-APRIL15 … · 2003-02-05 · jour, ce...