RF and Antenna Consideration

for Connected Cars in 5G ecosystem

Seungpyo HongNetwork R&D Center, SK Telecom

28 June 2016

1

• Introduction

• Vehicle Communication

• Services and use cases

• Roadmap

• 5G technology overview

• RF in Connected Car

• Challenges to 5G Connected Car

• Frequent handover

• In-vehicle interference

• Antenna Implementation

• Massive Node management

• Mixed network: WAVE/LTE/5G

• Summary

Contents

2

• “mobility” is nature of vehicle communication

• but, vehicle is not a good environment for mobile communication

• it is moving fast

• it is covered with steel or window film

• high density

• (part of it) mission critical

• 5G challenges?

• vehicle communication is one of major 5G use case (in ITU, 3GPP, 5GPPP, …)

• bad: smaller cell coverage, legacy+5G mix, larger antenna form factor

• good: latency reduction, support of high speed UE, massive node management

Introduction

3

• Key Connected Car Services

Connected Car Services

Telematics

TRS

Navigation

(stand-alone)

+ AVN Infotainment

In-vehicle hotspot

Connected Navigation

Driving Assistant(ADAS)

Automated Parking

+ Autonomous Driving

Cooperative Driving

Cooperative Vehicle Sensors

4

• Terminology: Connectivity, V2X, DSRC, WAVE, 802.11p …

• V2X : Vehicle to X (X=Vehicle, Infra, Pedestrian..) Communication

V2V, V2I, V2P, V2G, V2N…

In general, V2X means all vehicle communication including WAVE and LTE, but in specific,

V2X means WAVE

Specification

Seamless V2V, V2I, I2I

Real time vehicle information gathering

Localized traffic information

(Vehicular) Ad-hoc network in fast moving condition (~240km/h)

Vehicle Communication

900MHz band

RF, InfraRed

5.9GHz band

IEEEE802.11p

IEEE 1609.x

3GPP

LTE V2X

(V2XLTE)

“old” DSRC “new” DSRC = WAVE

“General” V2X

5G V2X

5

Latency/Bandwidth Requirement - Use Case mapping

Vehicle Communication - Use Cases

latency

requirement

bandwidth

requirement

minutesDashCam backup

UL: DashCam clip

V2V safety

FCW, EEBL, CSW *

Event Video upload

UL: DashCam clip

Edge Computing (Thin Client)

UL: Sensor data(LiDAR+...)

DL: Control

seconds

~100ms

~10ms

1Gbps~0.1Mbps ~1Mbps ~10Mbps ~100Mbps 10Gbps

Remote Control

UL: Cam+Sensor data

DL: Control

In-Vehicle

Entertainment

DL: VideoTelematics

UL: Sensor data

DL: Control

V2V, V2I safety

BSW, LCW, LTA, RLVW*, …

UL: vehicle info

DL: traffic info

* FCW: Forward Collision Warning

EEBL: Emergency Electric Brake Light

BSW: Blind Spot Warning

CLW: Control Loss Warning

LCW: Lane Change Warning

LTA: Left Turn Assistant

RLVW: Red Light Violation Warning

RWW: Road Work Warning

IVS: In-Vehicle Signage

VTL: Virtual Traffic Light

* Human recognition requires normally 300ms

WAVE

LTE/LTE-A (~ 3GPP Rel.12)

LTE-A Pro(3GPP Rel.13~14)

5G/New Radio (3GPP Rel.15~)

ITS

RWW, IVS,

DL: traffic info

Use cases from

- Amsterdam Group, SimTD, Drive C2X, Compass 4D

- Safety Pilot Project

- ITS Spot, ETC 2.0

- 3GPP V2X / eV2X

- Sejong C-ITS Project

- 5GPPP Whitepaper

Collaborative Driving

UL: DashCam clip

6

V2X Standardization / Commercialization Roadmap

3GPP

eV2X

Rel.15

3GPP

V2XLTE

Rel.13/14

WAVE/

DSRC

(802.11p)

20182010 2012 2014 2016 2020

Standardization(‘09~’12)

Trial(‘13~’16, EU, US, JP, KR)

CommercialComponent

+ Testing

Regulatory(’19~)

Standardization(’15.2~’17.6)

TrialCommercialComponent

+Testing

Standardization(‘17.6~’18.3)

CommercialVehicle(’17.1~)

Safety Use Cases

EU: DriveC2X, Compass 4D

US: Safety Pilot

Japan: ITS Spot, ETS 2.0

27 Use Cases

(safety + information)

FCW, CLW, EVW, EEBS

Cooperative ACC,

QoS, Security, O&M

Non-Safety Use Cases

In-vehicle Entertainment

Safety Use Cases

5G-Legacy Mix

Interoperation of 5G/LTE/WAVE

CommercialVehicle

TrialCommercialComponent

+Testing

CommercialVehicle

2022

Vehicle Communication - Roadmap

7

5G Technology Overview

• RAN innovation for 1000x speed as well as architecture innovation such as

virtualization and network slicing

Telco

service

UHD &

Hologram

Massive

IoT

Mission-

Critical IoT

Network slices

Telco/IT functions

Virtualization

O&

M

Low-cost

small cell

Massive MIMO

f1

Unlicensed,

Millimeter-wave

f2 fn

…fm

New waveformCloud-RAN

Cloud

Core

Orc

he

stra

tion

Cloud-RAN

Telco API

Unified

Transport

(2) Enabling Platform

“All-IT N/W based on Virtualization”

- Biz Enabling Platform

- Guaranteed/Intelligent Service Provisioning

- Smart/Intelligent Infra Operation

(3) Hyper-Connected N/W

“1000x, 1m Latency”

- Higher frequency(mmWave)

- Spectral Efficiency(massive MIMO)

- Dense Small Cell

- New RAN technology

(1) Innovative Service

“Immersive Service”

- Multimedia, Virtual Experience

- Ultra-low Latency Mission Critical IoT

8

RF in Connected Car

TRS / cellular

800~900 MHz

GPS1.57GHz

• Old days : GPS, TRS/2G modem

9

TRS / cellular

800~900 MHz

GPS1.57GHz

Local Connectivity

Bluetooth 2.4 GHz

WiFi Hotspot2.4 GHz, 5 GHz

Macro Connectivity2.5G/3G/LTE700~2.6 GHz

Smart Toll900 MHz

RF in Connected Car

• Now: local and macro connectivity were added

10

TRS / cellular

800~900 MHz

GPS1.57GHz

GNSS, Galileo, Beidu1.1~1.2, 1.6GHz

Local Connectivity

Bluetooth 2.4 GHz

WiFi Hotspot2.4 GHz, 5 GHz

Macro Connectivity2.5G/3G/LTE700~2.6 GHz

ADAS/Collision AvoidanceRadar/LiDAR76~77 GHz

V2X SafetyWAVE/ LTE V2X

5.8~5.9 GHz

Smart Toll900 MHz

Wireless Charging

“New Radio” 5G Connectivity

3.3~4.9 GHz6~80 GHz

RF in Connected Car

• In future: 5G, V2X and various sensors

11

• 5G Challenges in vehicle environment

• Higher frequency smaller coverage more frequent handover

• Multiple spectrum usage may result in interference with other sensor system

• Antenna implementation and integration with vehicle body

Challenges of 5G Connected Car

12

• Frequent Handover

Challenges of 5G Connected Car

Challenges: frequent handover

Approach 1 – Directional Antenna

1) reduces Doffler effects and

2) expands cell coverageLegacy 3G/LTE cell covers 0.5~2 km

mmWave 5G cell covers ~0.2 kmApproach 2 – Reduce handover

overhead

handover less RAN(Cloud RAN)

split C/U plain for high speed UE

CloudRAN

13

• In-Vehicle Interference

Challenges of 5G Connected Car

GPS

1.57GHz

Legacy single band use (no interference)

Simultaneous operation / wider

bandwidth for higher throughput

Challenges: self in-vehicle interference

GPS 1.5GHz 3G/LTE single band

GPS DL/UL Carrier Aggregation

IMD,

harmonics

5G DL/UL 5G DL/ULRadar/

LiDAR

Approach 1 – Multiple bands/

technologies to avoid interference

Glonass, Galileo, Beidu

1.1GHz 1.2GHz

Approach 2 – Self detection and

power control

GPS Aggregation off

5G DL/UL Power controlRadar/

LiDAR

1.1GHz 1.2GHz 1.5GHz

14

• Antenna Implementation

Challenges of 5G Connected Car

Antenna installation to avoid degradation

due to steel body and window film

Rear window, room mirror, shark….

Massive MIMO + multiple bands

(relatively) large antenna

Approach 1 – New architecture,

New materials

Challenges: antenna form factor

Approach 2 – Integration with

vehicle body/accessory

Multi-feed ANTGaAs, GaN

for PA, LNA

MEMS

for multi band

(partial) carbon bodyIntegration with accessories

15

• Challenges

Summary

Complicated RF

Self Interference

RF/Antenna implementation

Collaboration in

5G Ecosystem

5G V2X use cases including mission critical comm.

Legacy+5G integration

Earlier 5G commercialization

16

Q&A