REVOLUTION AND CHANGE IN

FRANCEChapter 23

Section 2

KEY TERMS Louis Philippe Louis Napoleon Dreyfus Affair Anti-Semitism Theodor Herzl Zionism

A KING ABDICATES After Louis XVII

died Charles X inherited the throne

1830 Charles suspend the legislature

People revolt Charles abdicates

and flees to London

A KING ABDICATES News of revolution

gets to Metternich “My life’s work is

destroyed.” His reactionary

ideals and absolute monarchies were crumbling

Metternich feared revolution would spread through the continent

THE REIGN OF LOUIS PHILIPPE Took over a

constitutional monarchy

Was an aristocrat and popular with the middle class

Called the citizen because he wore regular clothes

Called the citizen king

THE REIGN OF LOUIS PHILIPPE He increased the

number of voters

Limited freedom of the press

Rule became increasingly repressive

Silenced those who opposed him

THE REIGN OF LOUIS PHILIPPE Working people

grew poorer Middle class and

aristocracy became more prosperous

King’s popularity deteriorated rapidly

Economic depression made life more difficult

THE REVOLUTION OF 1848 Sparked by a ban

of a banquet planned by reformers

Louis Philippe quickly abdicated

Citizens formed a new government

Voters elected Napoleon’s nephew

REVOLUTION OF 1848 Louis Napoleon

becomes president Second Republic All adult French men

had the right to vote Created a Republican

government Fueled women’s

rights Inspired revolutions

across Europe

NAPOLEON III AND THE SECOND EMPIRE Constitution allowed

the president to serve for four years

Napoleon wanted to stay in office

He arrested members of the National Assembly

Then called for a vote to draft a new constitution

NAPOLEON III AND THE SECOND EMPIRE Voters approved the

measure Later the French

people elected him emperor

Napoleon III Increased voting

rights Kept absolute power Ruled during

economic prosperity Built miles or railroads

THE THIRD REPUBLIC 1870 Napoleon drew

Prussia into war Napoleon III was

captured and surrendered to the Prussians

French Assembly deposed him

Prussians invaded France and laid siege to Paris

THE THIRD REPUBLIC Third Republic made

some important reforms 1882 made primary

education available for children 6-13

1884 trade unions legalized

1900 working hours reduced

1906 new act required employers to give employees off one day a week

THE DREYFUS AFFAIR Controversial court

case 1894 Alfred Dreyfus

French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany

Knew he was not guilty

Held a military ceremony to humiliate him

THE DREYFUS AFFAIR Crowd chanted

“kill him” Evidence

suggests another officer was guilty

Second officer was not Jewish

Dreyfus cleared in 1906

DREYFUS AFFAIR Divided people in

France Emile Zola-French writer

came to his defense “J’accuse” letter

accused the French government of anti-Semitism

Led French courts to reopen the case

Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns

DREYFUS AFFAIR Important affect on

Jewish nationalism Theodor Herzl-

Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story

Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France

Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe

DREYFUS AFFAIR 1896 published The

Jewish State Outlined plan for an

independent Jewish country

Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland

1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland