Reviewing the Atmosphere…
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Transcript of Reviewing the Atmosphere…
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Reviewing the Atmosphere…http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YAOT92wuD8
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The Radiation Budget
• the total amount of energy the Earth receives and loses
• is held in a state of balance by the three components of the biosphere.
• All of the energy entering the atmosphere is either absorbed by the earth, or reflected back into space. Albedo is the reflectivity of a surface.
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Keeping in the heat
• Greenhouse gasses absorb and reradiate the energy from the sun, keeping the Earth warm.
• These gasses include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (dinitrogen monoxide), ground level (tropospheric) ozone, halocarbons (like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)), and hydro fluorocarbons (HFC’s).
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Weather: • Short term changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, humidity, clouds, storms, and air pressure.
• Weather results from energy conversions: radiant energy from the sun to thermal energy in the atmosphere to mechanical energy.
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• Retention of the heat by greenhouse gasses is known as the Greenhouse effect.
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Climates and Seasons
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Climate: • Long-term general weather trends in a certain
geographic region.• Different climates are based mainly on
temperature and precipitation differences.
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The Earth’s Solar Radiation Budget
Outgoing infrared radiation
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The Sun, The Earth’s Axis, & The Orbit
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The fact that the Earth is round and that it is tilted on its axis (angle of inclination) combine to produce unequal heating on the surface of the Earth.
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Wide ranges of climates exist on Earth because all parts of the Earth do not receive the same amount of incoming solar radiation.
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Latitude determines the duration and intensity of the incoming solar radiation hitting the surface in a particular region.
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The sun’s rays hit the equator more or less directly (90 angle to the surface) all year round.
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As we move away from the equator, the suns rays are spread out over a greater area.
Therefore, the same amount of energy is covering more surface area (= less intense)
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• There are three major climate regions, or zones.
• Named according to their general climates: 1) polar2) temperate3) tropical
Climate Regions
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• Latitudinal lines on a map mark out these areas. These lines are called:- The Arctic Circle - The Tropic of Cancer- The Tropic of Capricorn - The Antarctic Circle.
Figure 10.10 (Pg 374)
66.5oN
23.5oN
Equator = 0o
23.5oS
66.5oS
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The Seasons
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The Sun’s Impact on Weather
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