Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear what the noun refers to. Definite article : theIndefinite articles : a, anDemonstratives: this, that, these, thosePronouns and possessive determiners : my, your, his, her, its, our, theirNumbers : one, ten, thirtyPossessive nounsIndefinite pronouns______________________________________ What is an article? Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.Singular count nouns:1.indefinite: use 'a'2. definite: use "the" (Both singular and plural nouns) The definite article is used when the speaker expects the listener to know which specific noun the speaker means.

My daughter wants to buy a dog this weekend. (Indefinite-Could be any dog)The dog in the backyard is very cute.(Definite-The one in the backyard) He requested a puppy for his birthday.He wanted the puppy he played with at the pet shop. Plural count nouns:Use "the" or Nothing, never 'a'.

Come and look at the children. (definite)Children are always curious. (indefinite)She loves flowers. (indefinite)The flowers in her garden are beautiful. (definite) Note: 1. Nouns defined by previous mentioned.Ex. He sent me a check for the items he purchased last week. I deposited the check yesterday.2. Nouns defined by modifiers Not defined: Take a bus to 92nd Street. Defined: Take the first bus that comes to 92nd Street.3. Nouns defined by unique reference (one-of-a-kind nouns) The moon was just rising above the horizon INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A, AN)1.When the speaker does not have a specific noun in mind.2. When the speaker does have a specific noun in mind, but knows that the listener does not know which noun it is. Examples:"I would like to watch a movie."I would like you to come over this evening and meet a friend of mine.

DemonstrativesThere are four demonstrative determiners in English and they are: this, that, these and thoseNote that demonstrative determiners can also be used as demonstrative pronouns. When they are used as determiners they are followed by the nouns they modify. Compare:This is my camera. (Demonstrative used as a pronoun, subject of the verb is) This camera is mine. (Demonstrative used as a determiner modifying the noun camera.) Hand me that hammer.

near far

singular thisthat

pluralthesethose

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS-indicate ownershipPossessive pronouns include my, our, his, her, their, and your.Here are some examples of possessive pronouns used in sentences: I saw her book on your table. His hair is long. My dog is better than their dog. Is his car really that fast? Their mother is kind. Her timing couldn't have been less appropriate.POSSESSIVE NOUNS-show ownership by adding an apostrophe, an "s" or both. To make a single noun possessive, simply add an apostrophe and an "s." TypeExample of TypePossessive NounComment

singular noundogdog's dinnerdog's dinners Add 's for a singular possessor (in this case, a dog).(NB: It is irrelevant how many things are owned. So, it is irrelevant if the dog has one dinner or a hundred dinners. Only the number of possessors is important.)

plural noundogsdogs' dinnerdogs' dinners Add ' for a plural possessor

singular noun ending -sChrisChris' hatorChris's hatAdd 's or ' for a singular possessor that ends s. You have a choice.

plural noun not ending -sPeoplePeople's rightsAdd 's for a plural possessor that does not end s.

John owns a car. = It is John's car.America has some gold reserves. = They are America's gold reserves.NUMBERS Numbers are cardinal (one, two, three, etc) and ordinal (first, second, third, etc). Cardinal numbers are adjectives that indicate quantity (There are fives apples on the table), and ordinal numbers indicate rank or order (This is the first time for me on a plane).INDEFINITE PRONOUNSEnglish has a large set of words which refer to indefinite quantities, or to definite but unknown people and objects. If they occur alone, they are pronouns, if they occur in front of a head noun, they are determiners. Some indefinite pronouns may also be used as determiners.one, each, either, neither, some, any, one, all, both, few, several, many, mostNote the differences:

Each person has a chance. (Each is a determiner describing person.)

Each has a chance.

(Each is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

Both lawyers pled their cases well.

(Both is a determiner describing lawyers.)

Both were in the room.

(Both is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

Several cars had ended up in the snowdrifts. --- (determiner in front of a countable plural noun) A lot of work had been put into the project. --- (determiner in front of an uncountable noun) Id prefer some wine, please. --- (determiner in front of an uncountable noun) There isnt much hope of finding them. --- (determiner in front of an uncountable noun) Have you met any relatives yet? --- (determiner in front of a countable noun)

INDEFINITE PRONOUNSEnglish has a large set of words which refer to indefinite quantities, or to definite but unknown people and objects. If they occur alone, they are pronouns, if they occur in front of a head noun, they are determiners. Some indefinite pronouns may also be used as determiners.one, each, either, neither, some, any, one, all, both, few, several, many, mostNote the differences:

Each person has a chance. (Each is a determiner describing person.)

Each has a chance.

(Each is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

Both lawyers pled their cases well.

(Both is a determiner describing lawyers.)

Both were in the room.

(Both is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

Several cars had ended up in the snowdrifts. --- (determiner in front of a countable plural noun) A lot of work had been put into the project. --- (determiner in front of an uncountable noun) Id prefer some wine, please. --- (determiner in front of an uncountable noun) There isnt much hope of finding them. --- (determiner in front of an uncountable noun) Have you met any relatives yet? --- (determiner in front of a countable noun)