Reuse and second life: Conditions for a viable business model DNV GL - Koen Broess.pdfDNV GL ©2019...
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SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER DNV GL ©2019 Reuse and second life: Conditions for a viable business model 1 Koen Broess
Transcript of Reuse and second life: Conditions for a viable business model DNV GL - Koen Broess.pdfDNV GL ©2019...
DNV GL ©2019 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL ©2019
Reuse and second life: Conditions for a viable business model
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Koen Broess
DNV GL ©20192
Ideal system characteristics for storage
High Penetration of
Renewables
Weak electrical networks
and networks requiring
upgrades
System Flexibility required
to align supply and
demand
Off-Grid Systems
High usage of peaking
diesel generators
Driving efficiency in renewables and gas
peaking plants
Policy and Regulation
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Potential revenue streams and energy cost savingsfrom stacked applications
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DNO Constraint Management
Services
Revenue via availability payments
(Arbitrage, peak shifting)
Revenue via energy payments
Demand Charge Reductions,
Imbalance Risk Hedging, Back up
power, Outage mitigation
Offtaker
Revenue via energy payments
PPA
Multiple revenuestreams
Ancillary Services
(Frequency Response, Reserve Services)
Trade on short time scale spot
markets
PPA?Service
Agreements?Delivery
Auctions?
Ramp Rate Control
Time Shifting
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PPA pricing structures
PPA-Price
€/MWh
Profile-
factor
Imbalance-
factor
Spot price
€/MWh
Compensation for price
difference between
average market price
and Asset capture price
Compensation for
Imbalance costs
Depending on the exact subsidy scheme (wind & solar), pricing structures differ across Europe.
Typically a PPA price consists of the following factors:
Average price of
representative index
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For a multi-year PPA; how to correctly forecast those factors?
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Ancillary Services
▪ Imbalance can be caused by:
– Generator and/or network trips
– Control strategy
– Prediction errors for load and/or generation
5
50 Hzfr
equency
Frequency Containment
Frequency Restoration
Inertia
0 30 900
t [s]
t [s]pow
er
0 30 900
Deployment of balancing capacity
Frequency response
System response during trip of generator
<50 Hz
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rEVolt – feasibility for second life batteries
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▪ Received 10 battery packs with
software errors
▪ failure analysis:
– Battery cells in good condition
– Cell BMS is intact
– Main BMS/EMS is no longer
working
▪ Raspberry Pi can be used as new
BMS/EMS
– Easy to program, but communication
with cell BMS is essential
▪ New power electronics are needed for
stationary application
▪ Power electronics and refurbishing
cost are a significant part of the
second life application
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rEVolt – Business case analysis
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Assumptions:
▪ About 100 EUR refurbishing cost
per kWh
▪ System requirements in year 15
are 1 MW/1MWh
– Second life system at 70%SoH
need to be 5.7 times bigger
than the new system
▪ EoL is 50%
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Out of the rEVolt project successful business for start-up Time Shift Energy Storage
8https://www.timeshiftstorage.nl/
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Safety concerns about (second life) Li Ion batteries
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www.mpoweruk.com
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Li-ion systems: dealing with fire
▪ Risk
– Flammable components: organic electrolyte, anode/cathode, packaging
– Several possible causes: overheating, internal shorts, external fire, …
– Several effects: damage to / loss of system, external damage, toxic gases, …
▪ Mitigation measures
– Containment (system design)
– IEC 62619: “fire must be contained inside the system” (not defined…)
– Industry, DNV GL: “fire should be contained to module/rack”
– Suppression systems
– No adequate single extinguisher solution, no industry consensus; compromise
– Issue: cool with water (stop spreading, emissions), or allow to burn
– Ventilation: explosive/toxic gases (burnt plastics)
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See also: Considerations for ESS Fire Safety, public report for Consolidated Edison, DNV GL (2017)
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Testing, verification and certification
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https://www.bredenoord.com/en/news/met-de-big-battery-box-is-grootschalige-energieopslag-nu-ook-mobiel-beschikbaar/
https://www.dnvgl.com/news/ateps-battery-storage-system-receives-gridstor-conformity-statement-from-dnv-gl-86986
https://www.dnvgl.com/news/acciona-receives-the-world-s-first-grid-scale-energy-storage-certificate-by-dnv-gl-118466
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www.dnvgl.com
The trademarks DNV GL®, DNV®, the Horizon Graphic and Det Norske Veritas®
are the properties of companies in the Det Norske Veritas group. All rights reserved.
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Koen Broess
+31646713810
