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![Page 1: Ressearch in Animal Production and Health in Nepal : Way Forward C.R. Upreti, U. M. Singh, S. P. Neopane, S. M. Pradhan & L. N. Pandey Nepal Agricultural.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649d0e5503460f949e4798/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ressearch in Animal Production and Health in Nepal : Way Forward
C.R. Upreti, U. M. Singh, S. P. Neopane, S. M. Pradhan &
L. N. Pandey
Nepal Agricultural Research Council
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2
Lumle Agriculture Research Center
MUSTANG
MANANG
MYANGDI
GORKHA
BAGLUNG KASKILAMJUNG
PARBATGULMI
SYANGJA TANAHU
ARGHAKHANCHIPALPA
NAWAL PARASIKAPILBASTU
RUPANDEHI
60 0 60 120 Kilometers
N
1 : 1400000
LOCATION MAP WITH ECOBELT OF WESTERN DEVELOPMENT REGION
Map Source : Survey DepartmentPrepared by : GIS Section , MOAC
EcobeltHigh hillMid hillTerai
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Mandate and Research StrategyMandate and Research Strategy
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BackgroundBackground
Agricultural Contribution to GDP 31%
Population growth rate 2.25%
Agriculture growth rate 1.69%
Employment in agriculture 65.6%
Livestock Contribution to GDP 12%
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, Main issues challanges & opportunities of research in animal production and health
• , Poor peace infrastructure & resources• Poor experties and academic environment• Poor mechanism for sustainability
Opportunities
• Ecological suitability for research• Market demand of animal products in &abroad• Abundant promising human resource
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77
• Technology generation focusing onlivelihood
• Research prioritization,Coordination of NARS
• Policy advice to GON
Mandate
NARC Established in 1991
(Under NARC Act BS 2048) (Amendment of NARC Act BS 2053)(Amendment of NARC Act BS 2053)
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88
Regional Directorates
(4)
CommodityPrograms (11+3=14)
Agricultural Research Stations(13)
Council (16)
Executive Board (8)
NARC HQ Executive Director• Dir., Planning & Coord.• Dir., Crops & Hort. Res.• Dir., Liv. & Fish. Res.• Dir., Admin.• Dir., Financial Admin.
NARI & NASRIDisciplinary Divisions
(8+5=13)
Organogram of Nepal Agricultural Research Council
Cross CuttingDivision/Units
(3+3)
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Status of Human Resources
406
177
399
289
609
448 409
362
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Sta
ff N
umbe
r
Scientists TechnicalOfficers
TechnicalAssistants
Admin & AccountStaff
Approved - 1823
Working - 1276
9
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1010
53 Altogether Reserch Stations including regional Stations
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1111
NARC Research PriorityNARC Research PriorityGuiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles
Agriculture Perspective Plan
Poverty Reduction Strategy/3Yr Int. Plan
NARC Vision 2021
National Agriculture Policy 2061
MDGs/WTO/SAFTA…
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1212
Yield gap in milk production, National
3.5
8
2.5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Experimental Yield National Yield Attainable yield
Ave
Mil
k P
rod
uct
ion
(L
/C/d
) 2.0
5.53.5
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Terai9%
Hill38%
Mountain
53%
Share of AGDP of Livestock • Livestock contributes 31% to
the total AGDP of the country.
• APP has targeted 45% livestock contribution in AGDP by 2015.
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1991 2001 2007/8% Change in 16
years
Human population (million) 18.49 23.15 26.9 45.84
Milk production (mt) x ‘000 864.8 1097.0 1388.7 60.58
Per-capita consumption (kg) 46.77 47.38 51.49 10.09
Meat production (mt) x ‘000 147.3 189.1 233.9 58.75
Per-capita consumption (kg) 7.97 8.17 8.67 8.78
Egg production ( million) 369.5 480.8 631.2 70.83
Egg consumption (No/capita) 19.98 20.77 43.0 115.22
Source: Shrestha et al 2002, MoAC 2009
Per capita milk, meat, and egg consumption of Nepal
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CountryPer capita
availability (kg)Requirement
(kg)Surplus/deficit
(%)Milk Meat Milk Meat Milk Meat
Nepal 50.7 8.5 57.0 14.0 -11.1 -39.1India 63.0 6.0 57.0 14.0 +10.53 -57.1
Pakistan 153.0 14.0 57.0 14.0 +168.0 0.0World
Average73.0 36.0 57.0 14.0 +29.6 +160
Comparative availability, rquirement and milk and meat deficit in Nepal
Source: Pradhan et al 2008
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Research collaboraters in Animal production &health
in Nepal
• /FAO UNDP• ILRI• JICA• DFID• DLS
• USAID• World Bank• , Israel Bangor• , Institute of Agriculture & Animal Science
Rampur• , Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences
HICAST
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Trend of Approved budget of MoAC & NARC in last Trend of Approved budget of MoAC & NARC in last five yearsfive years
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
'04/05 '05/06 '06/07 '07/08 '08/09
Fisical year
MoAC
NARC
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Breeding Technologies:Bovine:
Breeding technique for different agro climatic condition of Nepal identified and recommended
Blood level of exotic genotype (50% blood level) identified and recommended to the farmer's condition.
Rearing technology of improved cattle and buffalo developed and handed over to the DLS in regular basis.
Rare breed Achhami cattle characterized
DCIP funded by FAO (TCP) base d on R&D concept jointly run by the NARC & DLS
Animal production & health research
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ParkoteParkote• Milk production- 1031 Milk production- 1031
LL/305 d/305 d• First calving – 55.2 First calving – 55.2 mm• Calving interval – 529 dCalving interval – 529 d
ParkoteParkote• Milk production- 1031 Milk production- 1031
LL/305 d/305 d• First calving – 55.2 First calving – 55.2 mm• Calving interval – 529 dCalving interval – 529 d
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BUFFALO (Indigenous)BUFFALO (Indigenous)
LimeLime Milk production- 1048 Milk production- 1048
LL/305 d/305 d First calving – 51.6 mFirst calving – 51.6 m Calving interval – 535Calving interval – 535
dd
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JerseyJersey
Average milk Average milk production: 2821production: 2821 L L
Highest: 4299.3 Highest: 4299.3 LL
Lowest: 1342.8 Lowest: 1342.8 LL
Cattle
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Indigenous cattle breeds of NepalIndigenous cattle breeds of Nepal
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Emerging one of the private commercial dairy farm
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Buffalo breeds of NepalBuffalo breeds of Nepal
LIME
PARKOTE
GADDI
Murrah and cross
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Small ruminant: Indigenous goat breeds Indigenous goat breeds of Nepalof Nepal
Native goats • Chyangra (in Tarns Himalayan Region), • Sinhal (in mountain region), • Khari (Hill region), and • Terai goats (Terai region).
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Goat husbandry
Jamuna pari cross
Khari
Pure Barbari
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Khari GoatKhari Goat Birth weight- 1.72 kgBirth weight- 1.72 kg
6 - months weight – 13.2 kg6 - months weight – 13.2 kg
12 months weight – 21.3 kg12 months weight – 21.3 kg
Age at 1Age at 1stst service service ––242.2242.2 dd
Kidding interval, days-270 dKidding interval, days-270 d
Twining percentage – 65Twining percentage – 65%%
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Selective breeding on Khari goat for mid hills of Nepal.Selective breeding on Khari goat for mid hills of Nepal.
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Indigenous sheep breeds of Nepal Indigenous sheep breeds of Nepal
Lampuchhare (50%)Kage cross
Baruwal Bhyanglung
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Poultry:Giriraja Chicken suitable for back yard poultry farming has been development and adopted by the farmers in Terai, and hills of Nepal.
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Indigenous chicken breeds of Nepal Indigenous chicken breeds of Nepal
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Swine (some native species)
• Bampudke, • Banel, • Chuyanche, • Hurra
Pakhribas black pig
Exotic breeds : Landrace, Yorkshire etc have been used to develop the cross breed.
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Rabbit:Rabbit: German Angora, Russian Chin Chila.German Angora, Russian Chin Chila.
Hyaline California Litter size at birth– 6.6 Litter size at weaning-4.5 Pre weaning mortality, % -21.76 Litter wt at birth, kg -0.65 Average kit wt at birth, gm- 98.5 Litter wt at weaning, kg – 3.0 Average kit wt at weaning, kg- 0.67 Adult weight, kg – 4.75
Chinchila
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Feed & Nutrition Technology
Bovine: Low cost feed based on crop residueUMMB technology developed
Small ruminants:Stall fed technology for goatsFeeding package for mountain sheepRed soil supplementation to sheep during winter
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Non Ruminant Feeding
Poultry•Methionin and lysine supplementation on broiler diet•Feeding technology for scavenging system
Swine•Level of forage (water hyacinth, comphrey etc.) inclusion on the diet identified.
Rabbit• Rabbit feeding package using locally available feed
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Dairy Research
- Product diversificstion researchwork- Post harvest for keeping quality- Hygenic milk production
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• Different types of fodder and pasture species identified and selected.
• Silage bag technique for winter feeding identified
• Agro-forestry technologies for hills developed by RARS, Lumle
Feeds and Fodder Research:
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Kamdhenu
Netra
GM Yield: 80 - 90 t/ha.(5 cuttings)GM Yield: 80 - 90 t/ha.(5 cuttings)
• Suitable cultivars of oat for different agro-eco zones identified,
• Netra• Kamudhenu
• Suitable pasture sps for high hills and mountain identified
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3939
Pasture Research
• Varieties of Oat, Berseem & Napier in pipeline
• Technology for year round green fodder production developed
• Technology of plastic bag silage for dry
period
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Health care Technologies
• The research is based on the diseases as defined by Official Epizootics International (OIE) such as,
• OIE List A, B, C diseases• Unclassified diseases such
as mastitis, abortion, parasitic gastroenteritis (Multiple).
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Technologies on Animal Health
Bovine & small ruminants
•Preventive strategy of mastitis in bovine•Treatment of posterior paralytic syndrome in goat•Control measure of Degnella disease•Strategy for the reduction of incidence of respiratory disease in goats. •Strategy for gastrointestinal nematode control.•Use of Bozo, Sisnu and Surti for the control of ticks. •Feeding of rice straw prevents fascioliosis in stall fed animals•Control strategy of foot rot in small ruminant.
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Technology for poultry disease controlVaccine production technology
• Ranikhet F1 strain vaccine• Ranikhet R2 B strain vaccine• RD LOasota strain vaccine• Fowl pox vaccine• Infectious Bursal Disease (Live) strain
vaccine
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Preventive technologies for livestock diseases
• H.S. vaccine (alum precipitated)• B.Q. vaccine ( alum precipitated• H.S. and B.Q. combine vaccine
(alum precipitated)• Anthrax spore• Swine fever (Capinized live)• PPR vaccine
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Technologies for the control of zoonotic diseases
• Carbolised 20% sheep brain vaccine
• 5% sheep strain vaccine• BPL antirabies vaccine• Tissue culture anti-
rabies (trial batch)
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Way forward in Animal Production and Health Research
Climate change• Livestock research in relation to climate change and global
warming
• Establishment of Deemed University
Animal Breeding • Genetic resource conservation and utilization• Breed Development• Participatory selection program
Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition Low cost feeding packageLow cost feeding package Characterization / identification nutritive feed resources.Characterization / identification nutritive feed resources. Quality control mechanism for raw ingredients and Quality control mechanism for raw ingredients and
compound feed etccompound feed etc
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Livestock Production & Management
• Technology generation for cattle and buffalo• Quality wool and meat production• Fodder based feeding management• Management technologies suitable for
different ecological zones• Socio-economics in relation to livestock
commercialization• Best Management Practices (BMP) for
quality production
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Animal Health
• Khari disease in buffalo• Organism Bank• Zoonotic disease• Infertility in Cattle and Buffalo• Study on vectors of animal disease• Natural micro flora of indigenous animal.• Genetic resistance of indigenous stock against
disease• Indigenous plants and biological materials against
Pathogen and parasites.
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Forage, Pasture and Agro forestry
• Suitable variety release of forage crops• Rangeland / community land management• Improved on fodder productivity considering
environment• Temperate legume seed production
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Nepal is basically a livestock based agrarian. , society Thus highest level organizational identity of Livestock sector could contribute
substantially in national economy and. prosperity
Such identity would strengthen both research and extension network for animal
production and health for sustainability of , .animal industry environment and peace
CONCLUSION
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