Respiration 2010
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Transcript of Respiration 2010
![Page 1: Respiration 2010](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052410/553b44de5503467a438b46c9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Life support
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How long can you live without...
• Eating?• Drinking?• Breathing?• Your heart beating?
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How long can you live without...
• Eating? ~4 – 6 weeks• Drinking? ~ 3 days• Breathing? ~4 – 5 minutes• Your heart beating? ~about 4 minutes
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How can we support life?
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How can we support life?
• Drips• Feeding tubes• Oxygen masks• Ventilators
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Is switching off life support murder?
Is it humane to continue life if a person is suffering and in pain?
Is it humane to continue someone’s life who has no chance for a reasonable life?
Is it humane to continue life if a person has no way to consent to treatment?
Who decides?
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Positives and Negatives
What benefit to the individual or society?
What costs to individual or society?
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Martha Mason of Lattimore, North Carolina died on May 4, 2009, after spending 60 of her 72 years in an
iron lung.
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Coma Miracle
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Premature Baby’s First Few Minutes
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Respiratory System
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Function
• To exchange gases with the surrounding environment O2 in CO2 out
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Control Mechanism• CO2 is a waste product
of the cells
• CO2 makes carbonic acid in the blood (changes pH)
• The medulla oblongata keeps track of pH, controls breathing
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Organ Overview
• Mouth, Nose• Epiglottis (stops foood
entering trachea)• Trachea (wind pipe)• Bronchus (branch)• Bronchioles (little branches)• Alveoli
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Nose and Mouth
• Humidifies and warms air
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Lung Protection
• Mucous –sticky to trap dirt and bacteria
• Cilia (little hairs) to– Filter dirt/bacteria– Remove dirt/bacteria
with their wave action
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Epiglottis
• Flap of cartilage• Covers trachea
when eatingto prevent foodfrom entering
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Trachea
• A large tube supported from collapse by rings of cartilage.
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Bronchi
• two, one going to each lung• similar structure to the
trachea with cartilage rings
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Respiration 3D
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Alveoli (pl)
• Site of gas exchange• We have ~ 300 million• Surface area equivalent
to a tennis court!• Capillaries surround
each alveolus.
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How does it work?
• Lungs are not muscles• Diaphragm is a muscle– Diaphragm contracts– Ribcage expands– Lungs expand– Air rushes in to fill up
empty space
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How does it work?
• Exhaling is generally a passive process– Diaphragm relaxes – Lungs compress– Forces out air
• You can also use the muscles around your ribcage to constrict your chest more, expelling more air
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Diffusion
• Gases move from high concentration to low concentration.
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Diffusion
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When good lungs go bad...
Bronchitis – narrowed bronchiolesEmphysema – alveoli walls broken down
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Pneumonia
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Intubation
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Cardiopulmonary Respiration