Respiration

How does respiration work??

Define:• CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• AEROBIC RESPRIATION

• ANAEROBE

• AEROBE

Has no respiratory system

• !

Cell Energy• Energy is essential for life

– Active transport, cell division, flagella movement, protein production

• Some capture energy from light or chemicals– Autotrophs

• Others eat those that capture energy– heterotrophs

So Where Is Energy Found?Energy is stored in chemical bonds of ATP

– Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)• Adenosine molecule with three phosphate groups• Energy carrier molecule of the cell

Question…?

How do you release the energy stored in the bonds?

AnswerBreak the bond!

Energy is Stored in the BOND!

Forming and Breaking Down ATP

• Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

• Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

• ATP ADP + P + Energy• Energy + P + ADP ATP

What is Cellular Respiration?

The release of chemical energy for use by cells.

Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism.

This process is cellular respiration.

Describe Cellular Respiration

1. The breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy

2. Takes place in all living things

3. Is a step by step process

What is the chemical equation for cellular

respiration?

EQUATION FOREQUATION FOR RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION

CC66HH1212OO66 + +GLUCOSEGLUCOSE

6O6O22

OXYGENOXYGEN

6CO6CO22 ++

CARBON CARBON DIOXIDEDIOXIDE

6H6H22OO + +ENERGYENERGYWATERWATER

ATPATP

Cellular Respiration

• Process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP

• Three Stages– Glycolysis – Anaerobic– Citric Acid Cycle – Aerobic – Electron Transport Chain - Aerobic

Glycolysis• Glucose gets broken into two three carbon

pyruvic acids• 2 ATP used to start this reaction• Reaction produces 4 ATP

• Net gain = 2 ATP• NAD+ = electron carrier = NADH when it

accepts two electrons

• Pyruvic molecules move into Mitochondria• IF OXYGEN IS PRESENT then the Citric Acid cycle

takes place– Pyruvic acid loses one carbon (CO2)– Combines with Coenzyme A to create Acetyl-CoA

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)

Electron Transport Chain

Fermentation• Times when there is not enough oxygen to

do Citric Acid Cycle

• Net Gain = 2 ATP• Two major types

– Lactic Acid – Alcoholic

RespirationRespiration CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASMGLYCOLOSIS GLYCOLOSIS

HAPPENS HERE!HAPPENS HERE!

MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIARESPIRATION HAPPENS IN RESPIRATION HAPPENS IN

THIS ORGANELLE!THIS ORGANELLE!

PROTEINSPROTEINS CARBO’SCARBO’S(SUGARS)(SUGARS)

AMINOAMINOACIDSACIDS

FATSFATS(LIPIDS)(LIPIDS)

GLUCOSEGLUCOSECC66HH1212OO66

ACETYL-CoAACETYL-CoA

PYRUVICPYRUVICACIDACID

GLYCOLOSISGLYCOLOSISIN CYTOPLASM IN CYTOPLASM

NO OXYGEN!NO OXYGEN!

KREBS CYCLEKREBS CYCLE AND AND

ELECTRONELECTRONTANSPORTTANSPORT

MAKESMAKES34 ATPS34 ATPS

MAKESMAKES2 ATPS2 ATPS

OO2 2 ENTERS ENTERS HEREHERE

COCO22 IS IS RELEASEDRELEASED

ATP TOTALSATP TOTALSGLYCOLOSIS=2GLYCOLOSIS=2

RESPIRATION=34RESPIRATION=34BOTH=36!BOTH=36!

The End