Georgia Tech’s Nanocellulose Resources and Capabilities

IPST 2014 Spring Conference IPST, 13-14 March, 2014

Norman MarsolanDirector, Institute of Paper Science & Tech (IPST)Prof. of the Practice, School of Chemical & Molecular Engineering

Robert J MoonMaterials Research Engineer, Forest Products Lab

Affiliate

Adjunct Prof., School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University

Reduce environmental footprint by switching to bioplastics !!

Renewable Materials - Possible Impact

• Cost is King• $ ?• Carbon ?• LSA ?

• Production Needs • Material Specifications• Reliability/Durability• Fit within existing process

Drivers: • Industry: Big small, newold• Consumers • Government

Paradigm Shift: • New Materials• New Products• New Industries

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Renewable Materials from BiomassChemicals Engineered Polymers

Fuels

Materials: Nanoparticles:

Biomass

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Biomass

Traditional Products from TreesLumber

Pulp & Paper

Cellulose Derivatives

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Biomass

Cellulose Nanomaterials (CN)

Engineer Integration into New Products

Materials: Nanoparticles:

• Composites• Reinforcement• Fibers, Gels & foams• Substrates/films

• Barrier/Filtration• Rheology Modifier• Hydration Modifier

FiberFlake

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Wood- Cellulose Nanomaterials (CNs)

Moon et al., Chem Soc Rev 2011.6

Many “Flavors” of CNs

Acid Hydrolysis

Fibrillar Types:

Rod Types:Mechanical

Chem/Mech

Dufresne et al., J. App. Poly. Sci., 1997

(CNC) Cellulose Nanocrystals

(CNF) Cellulose Nanofibrils

(CMF) Cellulose Microfibrils• Crystallinity• Stiffness• Tensile strength• Length• Branching

• >99% cellulose• 60-100% Crystal

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Induce New Functionality Readily Reactive Surface: -OH Alter CN-CN, & CN-Matrix e-, antimicrobial, Alter self assembly

•TEMPO regioselective oxidation•sulfonation•halogenated acetic acids•carboxylic acid halides•acid anhydrides•epoxides•isocyanates•chlorosilanes

Covalent Bonding

Many “Sprinkles” for Surface Modification

Polyelectrolyte multilayers

Proteins

Amphiphilic copolymers

NPs, ALD, QDs

Surfactants

Polymer grafting

100 nm

silver

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Why Nano → New Properties?

LowerDefects

↑ Uniform ↑ % Crystallinity ↓ stress concentration

HigherMechanicalProperties

HighSurface

Area

↑ reaction sites to mass ratio ↑ Particle-Particle bond area/vol. ↑ Particle-Matrix bond area/vol. ↑ branching to mass ratio

StrongerNetwork

OpticalProperties

•Transparency•Iridescence•Birefringence

↓ light scattering ↑ Particle-Particle interaction

SelfAssembly

Liquid Crystalline Network formation • Alignment

• Network9

CN Characteristics“Green”/Sustainable Thermal Expansion:

Transparent:

Biodegradable

Mechanical Props:

Water:

Thermal Stability:

300C Max

Surface Chemistry:

EHS:

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CN Resources and CapabilitiesR&D Theme Areas

EI2:

CN Potential In Neighborhood:

Collaborations

• Complex Carb Research Center (CCRC)

Enterprise Innovation

Sustainable Systems

Brook Byers Institute

• IPST• Organic Photonics &

Electronics (COPE)• Drug Delivery (CD4)• Specialty Separators (SSC)• Strategic Energy (SEI)• Fuel cell & Battery

• Nanocomposites• Electronics to Cellulose• Barrier Films

New Manufacture

Manufacturing Institute

• Health & Human Systems• Energy/Environment• Manufacturing Tech

Prototyping

• Sustainability• Energy• Health

Institute for Materials

GT Research Institute

New Materials

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R&D Theme AreasComposites• Surface functionalization • Cross-Linking CNs• Foams, Hydrogels, Fibers• 27 peer review pubs

Barrier Films:• Moisture & Water• Oxygen• 3 peer review pubs

Electronic Devices:• Organic Solar, LED• Supercapacitors• Ionic Diodes• 4 peer review pubs

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Goal: Reduce Environmental Footprint!!

Recyclable Materials - Possible Impact

Zhou, Y.H. et al. ,. Sci. Rep. 3, 1536; DOI:10.1038/srep01536 (2013).

(COPE)

Organic Solar Cells:• Low cost fabrication• Light weight• Mechanical Flexibility

Paper Substrates:• Low cost, weight & flexible• Low power conversion efficiencies (PCE)• Rough surface

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Recyclable Materials - Possible Impact

Reduce Environmental Footprint!!• Solar Device• Recyclable Electronics

Bernard KippelenProfessor; Director, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics; Joseph M. Pettit ProfessorMicroelectronics/Microsystems, and Optics and Photonics

Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics

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Reduce Environmental Footprint!!

Self-Powered - Possible ImpactZhong Lin WangHightower Chair in MSE, Regents' Professor Adjunct Professor Chemistry and Biochemistry Adjunct Professor ECE

Supercapasitors:• Store energy from solar• Store energy for LED• Store energy for sensor

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Opportunities in Composite Design

Hybrid Composites

Mechanical

Network Former

Okahisa et al., 2009

Rheology

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• Network Density• control network structure

Network FormerTailored Properties

• Density• Surface Functionalization• CN-CN interaction• CN-Matrix

• Functionalization• control surface characteristics• nanoparticles, molecules

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Ma et al. BioMacromolecules, 2011, 12, 970-976

• Membranes-Filtration• Particulate, molecules • Alter Fiber Properties

Barrier/FiltrationTailored Barrier Capabilities

• Within Fiber• CN Surface Functionalization• Fiber Surface Functionalization• Fiber network

• Membranes-Batteries• Anions & Cations

• Membranes-Medical• Filter Particles, Bacteria, Fungi,• Drug Pump

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CharacterizationTools

Understanding &Synthesis

Manufacturing& Processing

Large-scale and high throughput

limited analytical methods

Base material

Self-assemblyFunctionalizationModeling

availability & variability

Possibilities → Reality

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RamieRamie

Thank you for your Attention

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