Resort Management session 2

© 2010, Educational Institute

Chapter 2Resort History

World of Resorts: From Development to ManagementThird Edition

(424TXT or 424CIN)

© 2010, Educational Institute 2

Competencies forResort History

1. Describe the origins and development of European and Asian resorts.

2. Outline the history, development, and influence of American resorts.

3. Describe resort developments in the twentieth century.

4. Summarize lessons from resort history.


Resort History

• The origin of resorts can be traced back to the second century B.C. to the public baths of Rome.

• The first baths were small, modest and separated the genders. Eventually, the baths became larger, more elaborate and were opened to both men and women.

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Resort History: Roman Empire

• Most baths were free but few had small entrance fees.

• Baths were much like resorts of today because of all the amenities offered at their location.

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Resort History

Baths of Neptune:This depicts the structural elements of a resort hotel that would appear repeatedly in later centuies

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1. Frigidarium. 2. Tepidaria. 3. Caldarium. 4. Original Caldarium, later abandoned.5. Statue of Hadrian’s wife Sabina as Ceres. 6. Latrine.

Source: Russell Meiggs, Roman Ostia, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973).


Resort History

• As the Roman Empire expanded most baths were built or located on sites with mineral hot springs. • Greeks associated these hot springs with the

gods and built sacred wells and altars on this site.

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Resort History: Continental Spa Resorts

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• The first noteworthy resort area was developed in Belgium in 1326 in a town now called Spa.

• An ironmaster, named Colin le Loup, was cured of a long-term illness when he bathed in the iron-rich waters.

• Opened a shelter there and the town surged in popularity.

• Spa means fountain

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• The popularity of spas and resorts in England is a result of King Charles II visiting trendy hot spots in the 1600s.

• Many English spas are unique because they have gambling and dancing.

• Spas also became popular because of the medical benefits that were attributed to them such as waters that were rich in certain minerals and could cure ailment

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Resort History: Swiss Resorts

• The Swiss resort industry was developed in the 1800s to aid the need of private resort facilities for more prosperous people.

• At the time, travel was not simple. People who traveled to resorts stayed for long periods of time

• Resort facilities being built to accommodate a guest better than your average inn.

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• Hotel Baur au Lac, built in Zurich, was the first resort to utilize the value of a scenic view. • Faces lake lucerne

• At first, Switzerland resorts were seen as summer places, but soon skiing became popular as well as gambling

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Cyclical Popularity of European Resorts

• Over popularity is an indicator of destination maturation and its impending decline.

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Resort History: Asian Setting

Chinese Mountain Resorts•Predate those of Europe•Not for public access- resorts were built by emperors for their families and associates.•These resorts were used as spiritual and recuperative retreats and venues. •Basic construction follows the principles of feng shui

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Mountain Resort of Chengde•Built between 1703 and 1792 during the Qing Dynasty, the Mountain Resort took 89 years to complete. •It covers a total area of 5.6 square kilometres•Located northeast of Beijing was once the largest royal summer residence of the emperors of the Qing dynasty.

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Mountain Resort of Chengde•The resort was used for relaxation and for political affairs thereby becoming “China’s second political center.”•The resort has 2 main parts:

• Palaces• Gardens : lake, plains and mountains

•Its layout became a pattern still used by new resorts to this day.

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Japanese Onsen• Hot Spring• Originated during the Heinan period• Villas built by Japanese Emperors for their

family and courtiers.

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Japanese Beach Town Resorts• Japanese Samurai frequent present day

Yokohama (Kanzawa) for its beautiful beaches, meditate in the zen temples and make use of the bunko library

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Edo Era•Shoguns and damiyos built houses in suburbs that are used to entertain guests, tea ceremonies and relaxation.•Common resort destination was the “onsen” or Hot springs for all people from different classes.

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Four Precepts for a Pre-Meiji Resort Villa

1. A resort villa should be a place removed from one’s place of daily living, equipped to carry on one’s work to pursue cultural or intellectual activities, and suitable as a family retreat or for entertaining important guests.

2. A resort is a place for toji treatment, health restoration, and recreation built around a hot spring.

3. A villa in a one-off location should serve an important secondary function as a place of refuge and a safe haven.

4. A resort villa should serve as a place for private study and mediation or as a gathering place for guests of like minds in intellectual pursuits.

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Thai Beach Resorts•Hua Hin, the oldest beach resort in Thailand•Became a summer palace for King Rama VII’s reign.•The construction of the railway station in Hua Hin made it possible for the place to be accessible.•After World War 1, the destination was transformed into a resort town and became a favorite destination of Thai high society.

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Resort History: American Contribution

• North American hotels were developed around spas in the late 1800s.

• The first resorts were built first in the east in Virginia, New York and West Virginia.

• Shortly after, seaside resorts became popular

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Tremont House•The first luxury resort built in 1829 in Boston•The Tremont House and featured bellboys, gaslights instead of candles and marble and private rooms with locks for each family.•The Tremont House introduced luxury standards that influenced resort design and operations.

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Saragota Springs and Putnam•The first ‘big’ hotel was built by Gideon Putman in Saratoga Springs.•This was also the first hotel of saragota springs•Putnam uncovered and tubed several mineral springs.

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Newport•An early “Resort Enclave” dominated by the development of private vacation cottages that would compete with commercial hotel developments. •Bailey’s Beach- a seafront property owned by Alfred Smith and Joseph Bailey that featured cottages in the lot that were sold to millionaires as their “vacation cottages”

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Bar Harbor•One of Americas oldest fishing and hunting resorts. •This area was promoted by Robert Carter•This hallmark town demonstrates how marketing is important to any destination.

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Long Beach•A destination ruined by overdevelopment and lack of planning and environment controls.•Aggressive promotions, rapid development and re development of existing hotels lead to too much volume of tourists.•Overcrowding lead to the decline of the area which lead to the closure of hotels.

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Atlantic City, New Jersey: America’s first Resort City•Atlantic City emerged as America’s first resort city.• An internationally renowned resort city for gambling, conventions, and leisure.

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Atlantic City, New Jersey: America’s first Resort City•The city also served as the inspiration for the original version of the board game Monopoly. •Successfully catered to both middle and upper-class societies. •Famous for its tourism innovations and responsible for a host of promotional “firsts”.•The site of US’ first easter parade, first amusement pier, and the observation roundabout

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Stages/Scenarios of the Destination Life Cycle

• Discovery/Exploration• Involvement• Development• Consolidation• Stagnation• Decline• Rejuvenation

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Resort Management session 2

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Transcript of Resort Management session 2