Linyi XiaDr. Joy Pixley, Xiaocheng Shen, G.P. Li

Calit 2, UC Irvine

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Residential Plug Load Energy Simulation Using a Range of

Usage Profiles

Why simulation modeling?

Replaces costly experiments

Visualize and depict reality

Insightful system evaluations

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Current Energy Simulation Practices

• DOE Software compliance: ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007

• Regulation compliances purposes

• Effectively evaluates building envelop and large ticket items

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Plug Load: Unmet Needs

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Building sector contributes

45%of CO2 total emission3

1. US General Service Administration: https://www.gsa.gov/node/825862. http://ibisnetworks.com/3. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7151649/?reload=true

• Uncaptured• Untracked and unmanaged electricity usage• Untapped saving2

• Unpredictable• Unadaptable

Residential buildings consume

40%of total building energy consumption3

Plug loads consume

50%of Total Energy Consumptionin High Efficiency Buildings1

Research Focus Area

Energy consumption variations resulted from varying use profiles

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Evaluation Methodology

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Device Ownership and Use Profile Research

• Datasets and Studies: – RASS: Residential Appliance Saturation Survey 2003, 2009– RECS: Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2009– CLASS: The California Lighting and Appliances Saturation

Survey 2012– SKA: The Small Kitchen Appliances Study 2015– PASUS: The portable Appliances Saturation and Usage Study

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Test Procedures References

• EnergySTAR• 10 CFR 430.27

– Title 10: EnergyPART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS

• IEC 62351– International Electrotechnical Commission 62351: Power

systems management and associated information exchange

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Use Profiles Inputs

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Moderate Use Mode

Default Energy Management

Light Use Mode

Aggressive Energy

management

Heavy Use Mode

Minimum Energy Management

Possible Combinations of Device Use Aspects

Aspects

Use levelTimes/Timing

Power management

Use in testing

Low One High YLow One MediumLow One NoneLow Two HighLow Two MediumLow Two NoneLow Many HighLow Many MediumLow Many NoneMedium One HighMedium One Medium YMedium One NoneMedium Two HighMedium Two MediumMedium Two NoneMedium Many HighMedium Many MediumMedium Many NoneHigh One HighHigh One MediumHigh One None yHigh Two HighHigh Two MediumHigh Two NoneHigh Many HighHigh Many MediumHigh Many None

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Variables and Simulation Data Flow

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Floorplan Visualization

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Room type Thermal zone Color CodeBedroom Thermal zone 1 GrayOffice Thermal zone 2 Neon GreenLiving room Thermal zone 3 GreenKitchen Thermal zone 4 Blue

Device and Location AssignmentRoom Type Plug Load

Bedroom Plug-in Smart LampWi-Fi Router

Kitchen Thermo-potRice CookerCoffeemaker

Living room LED TVSound BarBlu-ray PlayerGame ConsoleSet-top Box

Office LaptopDesktop ComputerSpeakerChargers Laser MFD

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Device Use Profiles

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Active idle sleep off active idle sleep off active idle sleep off

Thermo-pot Kitchen

Rice cooker Kitchen

Coffee maker Kitchen

Laptop Office 0.5 0.5 1 22 4 5 1 14 12 5 1 6Desktop Office 0.5 0.5 1 22 5 10 2 7 12 10 2 0Speaker (0.51) Office 0.5 0.5 1 22 5 10 2 7 12 10 2 0Chargers (3) Office

Laser MFD Office 0.5 0.5 23 0 2 10 12 0 8 10 6 0Smart lamp Bedroom 0.5 0.5 23 0 3 12 9 0 6 14 4 0LED TV Living 1 1 22 0 4 1 19 0 12 1 11 0Sound bar Living 1 1 22 0 4 1 19 0 12 1 11 0Blu-ray/DVD Living 22 0 19 0 11 0Wi-Fi router Bedroom

Game console Living 1 1 2 20 3 4 2 15 6 6 2 10Set-top box Living 22 0 19 0 11 0

Devices Area

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10min/t, once a day

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10min/t, 8 times a day10min/t, twice a day

Energy State (hrs)

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2 5

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Energy State (hrs)

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Light use mode Moderate use mode Heavy use modeEnergy State (hrs)

28 min/t, once per day 28 min/t, twice a day 28 min/t, 6 times a day35min/t, once a day 35min/t, twice a day 35min/t, 3 times a day

Energy Consumption Per Device Per Day by Use Mode

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Moderate ModerateDevice Active Idle Sleep Off Total Active Idle Sleep Off Total Active Idle Sleep Off Total % of Light % of HeavyThermo-pot 0.30 0.01 0.31 0.60 0.01 0.61 1.81 0.01 1.81 197% 34%Rice cooker 0.15 0.02 0.17 0.31 0.02 0.32 0.46 0.02 0.48 189% 68%Coffee maker 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.26 0.00 0.26 1.05 0.00 1.05 200% 25%Laptop 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.16 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.22 843% 53%Desktop 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.40 0.63 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.96 0.63 0.00 0.00 1.59 1427% 65%Speaker (0.51) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 1133% 67%Chargers (3) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 100% 100%Laser MFD 0.22 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.89 0.55 0.02 0.00 1.46 3.56 0.55 0.01 0.00 4.12 583% 35%Plug-in lamps 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.12 0.00 0.15 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.20 799% 76%LED TV 0.15 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.62 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.66 1.85 0.04 0.00 0.00 1.89 337% 35%Sound bar 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.24 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.31 0.72 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.77 230% 40%Blu-ray/DVD 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 202% 43%Wi-Fi router 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 100% 100%Game console 0.14 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.26 0.42 0.36 0.02 0.01 0.81 0.84 0.54 0.02 0.01 1.41 311% 57%Set-top box 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.05 121% 68%Daily total 1.78 6.02 13.91 338% 43%

Light Use Mode Moderate Use Mode Heavy Use Mode

Path to TEC (EnergyPlus)

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Simulation Results

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Light Use

Simulation Results

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Moderate Use

Simulation Results

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Heavy Use

Simulation Results

• Choosing Moderate mode will overestimate light use mode up to 3.36x

• Choosing Moderate mode will underestimate Heavy Use mode by 61%, or 3180.55 kWHr

• Schedule and power input impact linearly on TEC

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Mode Plug Loads Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)Light use 616.66Moderate use 2072.23Heavy use 5252.78

Disclaimers

• This research is not indended to:– Evaluate device overall power consumption or feature-based

power consumption. – Evaluate device power qualities, although the measurements on

power factor and current harmonics data points are captured and saved.

– Provide references of comparisons among different models or brands of device in any aspect, nor to qualify the product for any level of incentives or certifications.

– Verify device functionality as described in the user manual, although the SOP may appear to cover many or all features of the unit under test.

– Provide inclusive device use profiles for testing, comparison, or discussion purposes.

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Thank you!

Project Sponsored by SCE and Calit2, UCI

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