Research Paper: Is Music An Aid To Concentration Or Distraction For Students?
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Transcript of Research Paper: Is Music An Aid To Concentration Or Distraction For Students?
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Acknowledgements
Im thankful for the assistance of everyone during this research project. Id like thank my
course instructor Mr. Shafqat Chaudhuri for guiding me on every step of the project. His
patience with the students and expert guidelines regarding the research paper helped me
achieve this fine piece of work. Id also like to thank my family for their co-operation. Their
motivation and support enabled me to complete this research paper in time. My gratitude
also goes to my friends and course mates who helped me with the surveys and made this
entire research work possible.
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Abstract
The topic of this research paper is to find whether or not is music an aid to concentration or
distraction for students. Concentration is an effective element for the life of a student.
Music on the other hand is an entertainment source which stimulates the brain and does
amazing things. Concentration and music has been tied together by various researchers
from time to time. Some say that music has positive impacts on concentration while others
disagree with them. My hypothesis was that music actually helps students concentrate and
it has little or no negative impacts on them. Although I expected to find some negative
responses regarding the view of students towards concentration and music but by
conducting my primary research and combining it with secondary researches from various
sources I found out that music has significant positive affects on concentration and students
believe that it is a moderate concentration booster for their daily activities. After
conducting my study I came to a decision that music might not be an excellent or surefire
concentration helper but it certainly has significant positive impacts on concentration
depending on certain factors and can me described as an aid to concentration without any
hesitation.
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Table of Contents
1) Introduction and Background - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 01
2) Research Questions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 07
3) Hypothesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Page 08
4) Methodology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 09
5) Data Presentation and Analysis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 10
6) Summary of Research Findings - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 25
7) Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 27
8) Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 28
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1 | P a g e
Introduction and Background
A students life has various factors which help with their academic success. Concentration is
the most important among these factors and it plays a vital role in the academic success of
a student. Nowadays, students use various concentration aids which help them focus more
in study and achieve good academic results.
First of all, concentration has no clear definition. Its meaning varies from person to person.
However, after giving an in-depth look we can say that concentration can be thought of as
the action or the power of focusing one's attention or mental effort into a specific matter. It
helps prioritize a specific matter. Concentration enables us to deal with one particular thing
above all others. According to Rizzo (2006), our minds are full of un-arranged thoughts and
visions. These thoughts and visions float around our brain continuously begging for
attention. Concentration is the power which keeps the unimportant thoughts and visions
silent and gives most attention to the import thoughts.
The role of concentration in our everyday life goes beyond great limits. We use its power
everyday and dont even realize were using it. We sometimes feel the need for
concentration when were distracted and we understand then that its one of the most
precious tools of our minds. Everyone needs concentration in their daily lives. Students
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consumption and considerable amount of rest is also essential for improved concentration
among people.
The most opposite of concentration is distraction. Distraction takes away the power of the
mind to concentrate and constantly scatters the point of thought into different ideas.
Concentration tries to focus the mind s point of thought into one specific thought or idea.
Distraction divides this point of thought into multiple different thoughts and therefore the
mind looses its power to concentrate on a specific thought or idea.
Distraction has several negative impacts in our lives. It makes us loose track of our work and
derails our chain of thoughts. Distraction is the number one cause of failure for human
beings and it does nothing but slow down the overall progress of ones duties and
responsibilities.
Students need to avoid distraction due to many reasons. Distractions derive them from
their main objective and as a result they get bad academic grades. Distractions in students
also cause them to be irresponsible about their duties which lead to a dark and struggling
future for them. There are various factors which cause distraction among students.
According to Richtel (2010) there are various factors such as overplaying video games,
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heavy use of gadgets, excessive internet browsing etc that cause distraction to students and
are guilty of bad academic grades for students.
Now, about music, it is a form of art which consists of instrumental sounds and / or vocal
sounds produced to generate a harmonic feeling to our ears. It is a form of expression
which existed from ancient times. Music is an important aspect to almost all cultures and
people. The definition, quality and sounds of music widely varies from culture to culture
(Music, n.d. ) .
Music is used by people of all ages. People use music to relax their minds, entertain it, and
to heavily motivate the minds to achieve things that seem almost impossible. Some people
also use music to help with the concentration process. Much like all people, students use
music to relax their minds from stress, for pure entertainment purposes and to motivate
their minds to do great things. Music is also used by them as a concentration aiding agent
from time to time.
Music is popular to all ages and occupation. However, when it comes to students, they
seem to show an increased amount of interest. They listen to music in their free time, they
listen to it while doing household chores, they listen to it while doing physical exercise, and
surprisingly they choose to use it while doing academic works such as studying or preparing
assignments.
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stimulated at once and because of this phenomenon, the brain could process information
much faster and accurately. Watkins (n.d.) suggested that certain types of music such as
rock or metal can have negative impacts on humans. So, the genre of music has strong
influence and it decides whether or not music is helpful for concentration or distraction.
Also, music only helps concentrate when its listened by choice. If a person is forced to
listen to music then it does nothing to help with concentration but causes severe distraction
and can result in serious damages to the body and mind. (Watkins, n.d.)
Keeping the above fact in mind, according to a research by the Stanford University School of
Medicine (2009), listening to music in class boosts the student s concentration by
strengthening the brain and it helps achieve better grades. Holtz (2002) says that music
does magic in the brain by re-mapping its neural path ways and it makes the memory of
something strongly imprinted based on musical melodies. Adding to this O'Donnell (1999)
also suggest that the power of music should not be underestimated and people who study
music has higher academic grades than those who don t.
So we can finally come to the deduction that music has significant affects on the human
body and mind and keeping in mind certain factors we can say that it can be an aid to
concentration.
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Research Questions
I found out various research questions related to my topic and hypothesis. These are:
1) How does music affect people physically and emotionally?
To see how music affects people both physically and emotionally and what the
good/bad sides of it are.
2) How do people use it?
To explore how people use music. I wanted to figure out theyre preferred way of
using it.
3) What are the views of students towards music?
To know what the general students think about music, whether they think of music
as a concentration helper or distraction.
4) How do students classify concentration aiding and distracting factors in life
To identify various factors that causes concentration or distraction among students.
5) What factors actually induce concentration?
To identify the factors that help concentrate.
6) What factors actually cause distraction?
To identify the factors that cause actual distraction.
7) What do researchers say about the tie between music and mental state?
To find out what researchers say about music and the mind, whether it helps
concentrate or not.
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Hypothesis
Music is a well known brain stimulant. It triggers certain parts of the brain and makes it
more active. While listening to music, one is detached from almost all contact with the real
world and falls into a semi-trance state. This semi- trance state is thought to boost ones
ability to capture and process information efficiently. Also, through this semi-trance state,
music isolates ones mind from all surroundings. It helps a student ignore all his/her
surrounding distractions and calms the brain so he/she can focus more on something.
Another thing about music is that it enables the body to releases certain types of hormones
which forms the mind to capture information effectively. Mixed with the isolation of the
mind and body hormones, I believe music creates a sound atmosphere in our minds which
help increase concentration and reduce outside distractions.
Some students will agree with me on this topic. They will say that music actually boosts
their minds processing abilities. I expect them to give a positive response regarding music
in this topic and I expect them to say that music is an aid to concentration. However, some
students might disagree and say that the atmosphere of mind created by the isolation of
mind mixed with body hormones caused by music actually distracts their minds rather than
helping them concentrate. Some may also say that certain genre of music causes them
distraction. All debates aside, I think it will be very interesting to see the two groups side by
side. I think majority of the students will agree with me and say that music helps them
concentrate more rather than distracting them.
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Research Methodology
To accomplish my primary research, I have conducted a survey among the general students
of our country to find their views towards concentration-distraction and the effect of music
on it. For this, I designed a questionnaire which contains different questions regarding my
research topic. I believe this will give me useful and sufficient data to answer my research
questions accurately.
For my secondary research, I used different research materials including books and articles,
standard reference sources, databases and publications from the internet and the
university library. My secondary research data mainly comes from different online articles,
journals, and Wikipedia entries and they are cited properly in each section.
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Data Presentation and Analysis
As the main source of my primary research data, I created a survey containing 14 questions.
The survey was targeted for all general students. 30 survey papers were filled out by
students from various age groups. Both female and male participants took part in the
survey.
The complete presentation and analysis of the survey questions and students answers for
them are given from the next page and onwards.
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My first question in the survey was How frequent do you listen to music . The purpose of
this question was to determine the popularity of music among students.
It was surprising to see that 26% of students said they listen to music several times a day,
41% of students said they listen to music at least once a day. 7% said they listen to music
several times in a week. 13% said they occasionally listen to it in a month and another 13%
said they never listen to music. The above statistics suggests that 67% of the general
students listen to music at least once a day to several times a day. This clearly means that
music is very popular among the students and they prefer to listen to it very often.
0
5
1015
20
25
30
35
40
45
Several times a day. At least once a day. Several times in aweek.
Occasionally in amonth.
Never. I don't listento music.
How Frequent Do You Listen to Music
Percentage of students
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Next, I asked the students w hich time do they prefer the most for listening to music? The
purpose of this question was to determine the perfect time for them to listen to music.
According to my survey results, almost one fourth (23%) students prefer to listen to music
at the time of studying or solving problems. Nearly the same amount (27%) of students
prefers to listen to music while doing physical activities; also 16% students prefer to listen
to music during both physical activities and studying/solving problems. Less significant
amount of people, only 13% and 15% said they use it only when theyre in the mood or
have free time. 6% of students said they never listen to music and they consider it a waste
of time. Analyzing the above figures we can say that majority of people use it during
studying or solving problems because music probably interferes with the body and mind
and makes it useful to study, solve problems, and to do physical activities. This supports
research by O'Donnell (1999) that music has good affects on the human body and brain.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
When I'mstudying or
solving problems
When I'm doingphysical activities
Both A and B When Im in themood for music
On my free time,when I have
nothing to do
I never listen tomusic, it's a
waste of time
Which time do you prefer the mostfor listening to music?
Percentage of students
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For my fourth question I asked how much does music help to concentrate. I asked the
students to choose from a scale of 1-5. 1 being an excellent concentration helper and 5 is a
great cause of distraction.
Taking an in-depth look at the above statistics we can see that more than half of the
students (24%+30%= 54%) think music is an aid to concentration and 44% of these students
think that music is an excellent concentration helper. 30% of the students thinks it causes
distraction and 15% believe it has no affect on neither concentration nor distraction.
Analyzing the charts we can say that most of the students believe that music is an aid to
concentration which supports or matches my hypothesis.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
5 - Music is anexcellent
concentration helper
4 - Music is an aid toconcentration
3 - It has no effect onconcentration or my
works
2 - It distracts me alittle from my works
1 - Music distractsme a lot when I'm
concentrating
How much does music help to concentrate?Choose from a scale of 1-5
Percentage of students
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For my sixth question I asked the students which of the following factors do they think is
most distracting while studying; various choices were included. The purpose of this
question was to find what factors were considered distracting for students.
The response indicate that 40% of the students thinks that the sounds made by surrounding
people and machines are distracting while studying. 26% thinks the sounds of nature are
very distracting while studying. 20% thinks its hard to concentrate while studying due to
the sound of someone elses high volume music. While 13% thinks listening to their own
music while studying is bad for concentration. The numbers suggest that most people find it
okay to listen to music while studying and show less indications that it causes distraction.
They also find the sounds of nature and forced listening of music very distracting while
studying.
0
5
10
15
2025
30
35
40
45
Sounds made bypeople andmachines
Sounds of thenature such asbirds, rain fall,
etc
When someoneelse listens tomusic in high
volume aroundyou
When you listento music usingyour iPod, mp3player, mobile
phone, or stereo
Which of the following factors do you think aremost distracting while studying
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Afterwards I asked the students how music affects their emotions. The purpose of this
question was to figure out the emotional affects of music.
Looking at the data we can see that Major amount of students with almost 40% thinks
listening to music makes them happy. One fourth or 26% thinks it gives them motivation
and another 26% thinks it does both. A small number of students, only 6%, find music very
irritating. Going through the above numbers we can say that music is an excellent tool to cheer up
people and give them motivation. Thus, we can say that music has significant effects on
peoples emotions. These statistics match with the publication of O'Donnell (1999) that
music has positive impacts on human emotion.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Music irritates me
Both A and B
Listening to music gives me motivation
Listening to music makes me happy
How does music affect your emotions?
percentage of students
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Next, I asked the students to suppose that they are working hard on something. I asked
they will use music to do what? The purpose of this question was to find how music is used
by students at the time of hard works or physical works.
Looking at the pie chart we can say that majority of the students (almost 40%) said that
music motivates them to keep working hard. Nearly one fourth (23%) said music boosts
their strength. 23% of them said it both boosts their strength and give them motivation to
keep working hard. Deducting the data we can say that music has the ability to increase the
physical and emotional performance of a person.
Suppose you are working hard on something.You will use music to:
Boost your strength.
Motivate yourself to keepworking hard
Both A and B
I won't listen to music in the firstplace
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For the ninth question, I asked the students, generally, what is their view towards music?
The purpose of it was to find out their point of view or what they think about music.
Looking at the number we can see that most students (44%) think music helps them relax
when theyre tired. 33% thinks listening to music helps them focus on something when they
get distracted. 20% thinks it both helps them relax and helps them focus on something
when distracted. Negligible 3% said music annoys them and it is a time waster. Analyzing
the numbers we can say that music has significant affects on the mind and body of the
students and it matches with the previous questions and their answers.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Music helps relaxwhen I'm tired
Music helps focus onsomething when I
get distracted
Both A and B Music annoys meand is a time waster
Generally, what is your view towards music?
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For the tenth question, I asked the students whether or not listening to music while
studying has any impact on their academic result. The purpose of this question was to
determine the affect of music on academic result.
Looking at the survey results for this question we can see that majority (50%) students think
it has no affect on their academic result. 14% + 20% = 34% thinks it helps to do well in
academic results and 16% thinks it causes poor academic results. Analyzing the facts we can
see that most of the students dont think it has any affect on their academic results.
However, 34% believe that it has positive affects in their academic results which match the
research of Stanford University School of Medicine (2009) saying that music for students
can help achieve good academic results.
0
10
2030
40
50
60
Yes, it helps me getexcellent academic
results
Yes, it helps me dowell on academic
results
No, it has no affecton my academic
results
I don't listen tomusic while
studying; if I did Imsure I would getpoor academic
results
Do you think listening to music while studyinghas any impact on your academic results?
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Next, I asked the students which type of genre of music they usually listen to. The purpose
of this question is to figure out what genre of musics are popular among students.
Looking at the pie chart we can see that most people 41% prefer listening to classic music.
17% prefer rock/metal music and 14% prefer rap/hip hop music. The other choices such as
metal music, instrumental music, rhythm and blues music takes the rest of the pie chart and
are very low in numbers. Analyzing the graph we can say that most people prefer classic
and rock music and it plays a good role in concentration than the other genres of music.
What type of music do you listen to?You may pick multiple options
Classic music
Rock/Metal music
Rap/ Hip Hop music
Metal music
Instrumental / orchestral music
Rhythm and Blues
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For the 12 th question I asked the students what they use for listening to music. The purpose
of this question is to see their preferred way of using music.
Looking at the graph above we can see that a large amount of students (40%) use
headphones to listen to music. 26% use common speakers, 14% use large speakers. and
20% use sub-woofers/woofers to listen to music. The data above indicates that most people
use headphones and common speakers/sub-woofers to listen to music. These are moderate
ways of listening to music. One fifth of the students (20%) are extreme music users and they
use large speakers which produces high volume of noise to satisfy their musical needs.
0
5
1015
20
25
30
35
40
45
Headphones Common speakers Large Speakers Sub-Woofers /Woofers
What do you use for listening to music?
Column2
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On the final question of the survey, I asked the students that even if they find music
distracting, do they think it will help others to concentrate. The purpose of this question
was to check whether or not students still think music helps concentration and will help
others to concentrate.
Looking at the numbers we can see that 50% of students think it will help some students
but not all. 24% students think it will definitely help others to concentrate while 15% thinks
it will not help anyone to concentrate. 10% of the students voted that music will strongly
distract others. Analyzing the above facts we can come to the deduction that majority of
the students think music helps concentrate and they recommend it to others. This response
statistic support and back my methodology that music is actually an aid to concentration.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Yes, It will definitely help others to concentrate.
Yes, It might help some but not all
No, music will not help anyone concentrate
No, music will strongly distract others
Even if you find music distracting,Do you think it will help others to concentrate?
percentage of students
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Summary of Research Findings
After going through the primary and secondary research data I think I can classify music as
an aid to concentration. Doing the research, I found out that music is very popular among
students. They prefer listening to classic and rock genre of music the most. They prefer
standard mediums such as headphones and speakers to listen to music. An average student
listens to music at least once a day and spends around an hour per day listening to it.
I also found out that music has positive affects on students/people both physically and
emotionally. It can cheer u p people when theyre feeling sad and it can also make people
sad then theyre happy. Music also has physical reactions to the body which helps it relax
when its tired and gives it motivation to push harder when people becomes frustrated with
something. Music also reduces stress of the mind and clears all unnecessary thoughts from
it to make room for concentration.
I also found out that although it is an aid to concentration but there are certain factors
which cause music to distract people. First of all, the genre or type of music has strong
impact on concentration. Classic and mild music helps concentrate more while hard and
loud music causes distraction. Another thing is that music only helps people to concentrate
or its only an aid to concentration when someone listens to it by their own choice. If
someone is forced to listen to music then it becomes a cause of distraction. Various
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secondary research data also suggested that listening to music without choice has negative
impacts on the body and mind and causes damage to the listener.
My research findings match almost perfectly with my original hypothesis that music is an
aid to concentration. I anticipated that music creates isolation from the outside world and
releases certain body hormones which make music an aid to concentration. However, I
didnt take into account that cert ain types/genres of music had negative impacts on
concentration and caused distraction. Other than the issue above, my hypothesis was
proved accurate as most of the students found music as an aid to concentration while a
small group of them thought of it as distraction and neutral to concentration.
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Conclusion
In conclusion of this research paper I can say that music is an aid to concentration for
students. Students listen to music everyday for a significant amount of time while doing
various tasks. It has amazing affects on the body and mind. However, there are certain
criterias that should be met; otherwise music will be nothing but distraction. Students
should cautiously use music to boost their concentration and they should keep in mind that
concentration is best when its not aided by other influencing factors because those factors
can sometimes result to great damage in both the body and the mind.
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References
Chipongian, L. (2000, May 15). Can music education really enhance brain functioning and academic
learning?. Brain Connection Blog . Retrieved March 30, 2013, from
http://brainconnection.positscience.com/can-music-education-really-enhance-brain-functioning-
and-academic-learning/
Holtz, R. L. (2002, December 13). Music changes links in the brain. Austin American Statesman World &
Nation Section. Retrieved March 30, 2013, from
http://www.eupsychia.com/perspectives/articles/musicbrain.html
Music. (n.d.). In Wikipedia . Retrieved April 25, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music
O'Donnell, L. (1999). Music and brain. Music Power . Retrieved March 30, 2013, from
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n15/mente/musica.html
Richtel, M. (2010, November 21). Growing Up Digital, Wired for Distraction. The New York Times , p.A1.
Retrieved April 25, 2013 from
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/technology/21brain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
Rizzo, T. H. (2006, June). Developing Better Concentration . IDEA Fitness Journal , 3(6). Retrieved March
30, 2013 from http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/how-to-improve-concentration
http://brainconnection.positscience.com/can-music-education-really-enhance-brain-functioning-and-academic-learning/http://brainconnection.positscience.com/can-music-education-really-enhance-brain-functioning-and-academic-learning/http://brainconnection.positscience.com/can-music-education-really-enhance-brain-functioning-and-academic-learning/http://www.eupsychia.com/perspectives/articles/musicbrain.htmlhttp://www.eupsychia.com/perspectives/articles/musicbrain.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musichttp://www.cerebromente.org.br/n15/mente/musica.htmlhttp://www.cerebromente.org.br/n15/mente/musica.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/technology/21brain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/technology/21brain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/how-to-improve-concentrationhttp://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/how-to-improve-concentrationhttp://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/how-to-improve-concentrationhttp://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/how-to-improve-concentrationhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/technology/21brain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n15/mente/musica.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musichttp://www.eupsychia.com/perspectives/articles/musicbrain.htmlhttp://brainconnection.positscience.com/can-music-education-really-enhance-brain-functioning-and-academic-learning/http://brainconnection.positscience.com/can-music-education-really-enhance-brain-functioning-and-academic-learning/ -
7/28/2019 Research Paper: Is Music An Aid To Concentration Or Distraction For Students?
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7/28/2019 Research Paper: Is Music An Aid To Concentration Or Distraction For Students?
35/35
Appendix
The following documents are included in the research paper packet:
Original and Revised Research Proposal.
Original and Revised Questionnaire.
Detailed Research Paper Outline.
All earlier drafts.
Marked Printouts of used secondary research sources.
Filled out questionnaires.