Requirements for Long-distance Bus T erminals in Germany Prof. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
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Transcript of Requirements for Long-distance Bus T erminals in Germany Prof. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
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Requirements for Long-distance Bus Terminals in GermanyProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela Nachtsheim
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Long-distance Bus Terminals
Agenda
Introduction – current relevance of this topic
Deficits – where and why?
Survey of requirements for long-distance bus terminals
Results of the survey
Conclusion
Prof. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
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Introduction (1)- Legal realities -
For many decades: no relevance of long-distance busses in Germany
• Long distance passenger transport by rail was legally protected from competition
• Applications for long-distance bus line concessions had no chance of success
Significantly liberalized market for long-distance busses by the
Amendment of the German Federal Passenger Transportation Act to 1st January 2013
• Entrepreneurs still need an official concession (only for security reasons)
• For granting concessions it is irrelevant, whether other bus or railway companies already
operate the transport service applied for (parallel operations are allowed)
• On long-distance lines competition between different bus companies is now possible
• No regulation of fares by public authorities
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
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Introduction (2) - Market development since the liberalisation -
Really fast market grown since the liberalisation
• A new market in Germany was created on 1st January 2013
• Within a short time applications for many new connections from different companies were
submitted
• The acceptance of domestic long-distance bus services by passengers is extremely high
• Currently companies compete heavily on low special prices
Rapid growth of new services but no new infrastructure
• In many cities new infrastructure for the passengers is required (bus terminals)
• The German Federal Legislator provides no regulations for this type of infrastructure
• The German Federal Passenger Transportation Act only knows the term “bus stop”, which requires signage by the bus company (minimal standard)
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
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Introduction (3)
Market share: long-distance bus companies in Germany
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
Source: Own diagram based of IGES-Institut, The German Long-distance Bus Market, December 2013
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Deficits - Long-distance bus terminals -
Many cities in Germany do not have a suitable infrastructure for
long-distance bus terminals (infrastructure only for urban traffic)
• Available bus stops are overburdened
• Bus companies are forced to choose second best bus stops
• Location of a bus terminal has to be integrated in the urban planning process
Consequence: new infrastructure is required
• Bus companies wish bus terminals in an attractive location with a minimum of comfort
for their passengers
Outstanding questions:
• Who is responsible for the financing and construction?
• What are the requirements concerning location and facilities?
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
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Survey
Basis of the survey of requirements for long-distance bus terminals• 50 municipalities were contacted, 27 responded
• The most important cities in Germany were questioned
• Included are smaller cities as well, because in Germany the long-distance bus transport is important also for smaller cities, where the rail connection is not well developed
Questions referred to…
... the current relevance of this topic for municipalities
… the importance to keep the planning process in their own hands
… the decision if bus terminals should be constructed centrally or decentralised
… who should be the developer and who should be the operator
… the financing possibilities (e.g. user fee, rental income, public funds,…)
… the requirements concerning the relevant facilities for long-distance bus Terminals
… the implementation of accessibility (also disabled access)
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
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Results of the survey (1)
93 % of the cities are discussing about long-distance bus terminals
100 % want to keep the planning process in their own hands
81 % prefer central locations for bus terminals
Existing infrastructure is the most important requirement factor for long-distance bus
terminals, but currently mostly suitable for urban traffic
The opinion concerning developer and operator is balanced
• 33 %: Developer and operator should be the municipality
• 30 %: Developer and operator should be a private company
• 30 %: Developer should be the municipality, operator a private company
• 27 %: Any other combination is possible
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
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Results of the survey (2)
Financing is broken down by:
…. User fees: 93 %
…. Rental income: 70 %
…. Subsidies: 59 %
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
Source: Own diagram based of the survey
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Results of the survey (3)
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
Criteria Simply bus stop Long-distance bus
terminal
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5Size of the cityand traffic-related significance of the bus stop
< 100.000Inhabitants
100.000 –200.000Inhabitants
200.000 – 500.000Inhabitants
> 500.000Inhabitants
Large starting/final bus stations, traffic junction
(linked traffic infrastructure)
Location Central Central(Near the main station)
Central(Near the main station)
Central(Near the main station, maybe a
second one decentralised near the airport)
Central(Near the main station,
maybe a second one decentralised near the
airport)Number of stopping places
≤ 2 2 – 5 5 – 15 ≥ 15 Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
Departures per day
≤ 50 50 – 100 100 – 140 ≥ 140 Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
Passengers per departures per day
≤ 1.000 1.000 – 2.000 2.000 – 2.800 ≥ 2.800 Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
Typical facilities Weather shelter, seats, timetable
Additionally: Toilets, heated waiting area,ticket vendig machines
Additionally:Shops, kiosk, convenience-stores, restaurants, travel agency,utility infrastructure for busses, bathrooms with showers, baggage room, dynamic passenger information
Additionally:Larger loading zones for international transportation, tourist information, police, first aid, shopping facilities, personal customer service, money exchange, overnight accommodation
Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
Quality of transport connections
Local public transport connection
Additionally:taxi
Additionally:car-sharing, car rental
Additionally:Connection to the airport
Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
Parking facilities Kiss & Ride, parking spaces depending on the availability
Additionally: Managed parking spaces
Additionally: Managed parking spaces with long-stay parking
Additionally:Park & Ride
Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
Examples Simply bus stop Ulm Mannheim Hamburg, München, Berlin Depending on the size type 3 or type 4
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Conclusions
1. The long-distance bus transport market recorded a rapid growth since the Amendment of the German Federal Passenger Transportation Act to 1st January 2013
2. New infrastructure in the form of central long-distance bus terminals for the passengers is requiredMost suitable are central locations near the main railway station, because of the existing infrastructure
3. There are different requirements for long-distance bus terminals depending on - the size of the city, - the traffic-related significance and - the existing infrastructure
Long-distance Bus TerminalsProf. Dr. Andreas SaxingerProf. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Michaela NachtsheimMichaela Nachtsheim
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Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Prof. Dr. Andreas Saxinger
Nurtingen-Geislingen UniversityParkstraße 4D-73312 Geislingen
Tel.: 0049 / 7331 / 22 - 584 / -543
e-mail: [email protected]
Michaela Nachtsheim (Research assistant)
Nurtingen-Geislingen UniversityParkstraße 4D-73312 Geislingen
Tel.: 0049 / 7331 / 22 - 584 / -543
e-mail: [email protected]