Detection of Dairy Herds at risk for changing Salmonella Dublin status
Reproductive Management of Dairy Herds
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Transcript of Reproductive Management of Dairy Herds
Reproductive Management of Dairy Herds
Ray Nebel, PhD V.P. Technical Service Programs Select Sires Inc. Plain City, OH 43064 [email protected]
High Reproductive Performance WILL
• Increase the frequency of peak milk production, which is the time when cows are most profitable
• Reduce average herd Days In Milk (DIM)
• Increasing milk per day
• Reduce need for replacements
• Accelerate genetic improvement of the herd
Average Herd DIM (days in milk)
Mil
k P
rod
ucti
on
Increase in herd
Milk Production
Reduction in DIM
Excellent Reproductive Performance WILL
Limiting Factors to Reproductive Success
• Time
• Money
• Personnel
• Systems
VWP Allowable Breeding Time
Reproductive Management Program
Transition Cow Management
Calving
First Insemination
Early Pregnancy Exam
- Day 28 to 39
Re-breeding - ReSynch
Recheck Pregnancy Exam
- Day 63
Pregnancy
Determination
Strategy
Days in milk
Breeding
Strategies
All of the components require “managerial” efforts
Transition Cow Management
Culling Strategy
Transition Cow Index™
• Bunk space – both pre-fresh and fresh cow pens (30 inches per animal)
• Minimize pen moves (10 days prior to calving)
• Stall size
• Sand bedding
• Identify cows needing
medical attention
Cow Comfort • Stocking Rate
– headlocks or bunk space
• Stall Size/Cow Size
– Lunge Space
– Bedding
• Footing
– Foot Care (trimming and foot baths)
• Heat Abatement – Stalls & Holding Pen
• Mastitis
• % Resting
– Cud Chewing
VWP Allowable Breeding Time
Reproductive Management Program
Transition Cow Management
Calving
First Insemination
Early Pregnancy Exam
- Day 28 to 39
Re-breeding - ReSynch
Recheck Pregnancy Exam
- Day 63
Pregnancy
Determination
Strategy
Days in milk
Breeding
Strategies
All of the components require “managerial” efforts
Transition Cow Management
Culling Strategy
First Service Program
Time A.I.
Visual Heat Detection
Tail Paint/Chalk
Activity Monitors
Combination of Above
Ovsynch
OvSynch 56
CO-Synch 72
Double Ovsynch
Pre-Synch 14/12
Pre-Synch + CIDR
G – 6 - G
Synchronization Protocols
Targeted Breeding
PreSynch/Ovsynch, G-6-G, and Double Ovsynch
PRESYNCH + OVSYNCH
7 d 2 d 1st GnRH Final GnRH PGF2a 11 -14 d 14 d
PGF2a PGF2a
1st GnRH Final GnRH PGF2a Pre-GnRH Pre-PGF2 7 d G-6-G 2 d
6 d 2 d
DOUBLE OVSYNCH
7 d 2 d GnRH Final GnRH PGF2a 7 d
1st GnRH PGF2a GnRH 7 d 2 d
Protocol for Anestrous Cows
PGF2a 2 days
GnRH
+
CIDR®
GnRH
+ Timed A.I.
PGF2a
+
CIDR® out
11 - 14 days
14 days
PGF2a
Detect Estrus
and A.I.
7 days
Factors Influencing Heat Detection Rate
People Herdmate
Status
Stocking
Rate
Temperature
&
Humidity
People Facilities
Energy balance,
minerals,
vitamins, toxins
Lameness
“A.M. - P.M. GUIDELINE”
Cows Observed: Should be Inseminated:
Morning
Afternoon/
Evening
Afternoon of the
Same Day
Morning of the
Following Day
Timing of A.I. • AM - PM guideline only works as good as
heat detection program
• First mount versus first observed mount
• When in doubt, inseminate early
• Re-inseminate when necessary – Standing heat after A.I.
Tail Painting Combines tail stripe evaluation,
assessment for secondary signs of estrus, and interval review.
Tail Chalking
• Farris (1954) described the first potentially useful field
application of pedometry in dairy cows.
• Kiddy (1976) reported that cows in free stalls were
about 2.75 times as active during estrus as when not in
estrus.
Physical Activity
• Eighty seven years ago was first published recognition
that female mammals display a predictable increase in
physical activity when in estrus (Wang, 1923).
Electronic Activity Systems
Monitors
Base Station
Computer –Software
Interface
MooMonitor/Select Detect
Activity System
Accelerometers were developed
first for the military, aerospace and
automotive industries…
Now they are becoming more
popular in industrial, medical and
consumer devices…
Dairymaster was at the start of this
curve with state of the art animal
activity monitoring…
Accelerometer 4mm x 4mm
1/6” x 1/6”
Accelerometers…
Daily Activity
Hourly Activity
Days in Milk at 1st Service
Before Select Detect
Nu
mb
er
of
co
ws
125
100
75
50
25
0
25 50 75 100
1000 Cow Dairy After 1st Year
Days in Milk at 1st Service
After Select Detect
125
100
75
50
25
0
Nu
mb
er
of
co
ws
25 50 75 100
1000 Cow Dairy After 1st Year
VWP Allowable Breeding Time
Reproductive Management Program
Transition Cow Management
Calving
First Insemination
Early Pregnancy Exam - ReSynch
Re-breeding
Late Pregnancy Exam
Culling Strategy
Days in milk
Re-synchronization- Initiation prior to or after Pregnancy Determination!
Resynchronization Protocols
33+ 40+ 42+
GnRH+TAI PGF GnRH
33+
GnRH+TAI PGF GnRH
CIDR 40+ 42+ 0
AI
0
AI
OP
33+
PGF
26
GnRH
40+
GnRH+TAI
0
AI
OP
OP
26
GnRH
1000 Cow Dairy After 1st Year
Before Select Detect
Detection via Chalk Timed AI
700
500
300
100
0
Nu
mb
er
of
co
ws
21 42 Days Since Last Heat
Nu
mb
er
of
co
ws
100
75
50
25
0
21
42
Timed AI Detection via Select
Detect
Since Select Detect
How quickly are cows re-inseminated?
Days Since Last Heat
Factors Influencing Conception Rate
A.I.
Technique
Transition
Management
VWP
Temperature
&
Humidity
Mastitis Abortive
Diseases
Accuracy of
Heat
Detection
A.I.
Sire
Key Factors – Conception Rate
• “The Cow”
Metabolic diseases Nutritional status Reproductive diseases
BVD IBR Ureaplasma Lepto hardjo-bovis
Key Factors – Conception Rate
• “The Environment”
Ambient temperature/heat stress Voluntary Wait Period Cow Comfort
Key Factors – Conception Rate
• Semen Initial quality Handling of semen Sire differences
• Man (people and processes) Thawing of semen Semen Handling Semen placement Accuracy of heat detection
VWP Allowable Breeding Time
Reproductive Management Program
Transition Cow Management
Calving
First Insemination
Early Pregnancy Exam
- Day 28 to 39
Re-breeding - ReSynch
Recheck Pregnancy Exam
- Day 63
Pregnancy
Determination
Strategy
Days in milk
Breeding
Strategies
All of the components require “managerial” efforts
Transition Cow Management
Culling Strategy
• 21-day Pregnancy Rate Voluntary Waiting Period (PCDART default 60 days;
DairyComp default 50 days)
DIM and by Date
• Three options to improve it: Heat Detection Rate (Service Rate)
Conception Rate
Increase BOTH
Monitoring Reproductive Performance
21- day Pregnancy Rate
“Percentage of Eligible Cows Becoming
Pregnant in a 21-Day Period”
(Time component!)
NOT
Heat Detection Rate X Conception Rate
50 cows in a pen are eligible for breeding Heat Detection Rate = 50%
25 cows submitted for AI
40% Conception Rate =
10 Cows Pregnant
50 Cows Eligible for Breeding 50% HDR 40% CR 20% PR 10 Cows Pregnant
Limiting Factors to Reproductive Success
• Time
• Money
• Personnel
• Systems
Factors Influencing Reproductive Success
Potential to Manage
Imp
ort
an
ce t
o P
erf
orm
an
ce
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
Age/Parity
Breed
Twinning
Climate/Season
Dystocia
Embryonic Mortality
Ovarian Function
Retained Placenta
Sire Fertility
Uterine Health
Inbreeding
Milk Production
Vaccination Program
Accurate Heat Detection
Cow Comfort/Facilities
Efficient Heat Detection
Heat Abatement
Insemination Technique & Timing
Nutrition/Energy Balance
Semen Handling
Transition Management
Source: Senger, 2001
Thank You!