Reporting Applications Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a...
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![Page 1: Reporting Applications Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a reporting tool to that data to produce information. This.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649e105503460f94afb611/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reporting Applications
• Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a reporting tool to that data to produce information. This is then delivered to users by reporting system.
• Operations commonly used:– Sorting– Grouping– Calculating– Filtering– Formatting
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Analytical Tools
• RFM Analysis – ranks information according to purchasing behavior – gives customers an RFM Score (1 – 5, 1 being the top 20%)– How Recently? – How Frequently?– How much Money?
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Data Warehouses and Data Marts Address the problems companies have with missing data values and
inconsistent data Help standardize data formats between operational data and data
purchased from third-party vendors Prepare, store, and manage data specifically for data mining and
analyses.
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Data Marts vs. Data Warehouses
• Data mart is smaller than a warehouse• Data mart addresses a particular component
or function
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Data Mining
• Statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data and use it for classification and prediction
• Data mining techniques are a blend of statistics and mathematics, and artificial intelligence and machine-learning
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What BI Systems are available?• BI System – Information system that employs BI tools
to produce and deliver information• Type of systems depend on tools in use• Categories of tools
– Reporting - Simple• read, process, format, deliver• Used to assess results – What happened?
– Data mining - Sophisticated• Searching for patterns or relationships• Used to make predictions – What will happen?
– Knowledge management• Used to store employee knowledge and make it available to others• Source of data – humans• How do you handle what is happening?
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Reporting Applications
• Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a reporting tool to that data to produce information. This is then delivered to users by reporting system.
• Operations commonly used:– Sorting– Grouping– Calculating– Filtering– Formatting
![Page 8: Reporting Applications Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a reporting tool to that data to produce information. This.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649e105503460f94afb611/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
OLAP – Online Analytical Processing
• More generic than RFM• Dynamic – viewer can change the format• Measures and Dimensions– Measures – data item of interest• Total sales, average sales, average cost, etc.
– Dimension – characteristic of a measure• Purchase date, customer location, etc.
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Decision Trees
• Hierarchical arrangement of criteria that predicts a classification or value
• Unsupervised data-mining technique that selects the most useful attributes for classifying entities on some criterion
• If…then rules
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Business Process Definitions
• Business Process – network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and data flows that interact to accomplish a function– Activities – collections of related tasks– Repository – collection of something– Roles – collection of procedures– Resources – people or systems assigned to roles– Data flow – movement of data from one activity
to another, or to a repository, or to a process
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Swim Lanes
• Example: page 336 and 337• Each role in the process has its own lane• Activities for each role are in their own swim
lane• Draws attention to interactions among roles
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What are the 4 conversion options?
• Pilot – implement whole system with partial group– Failures are contained– Reduced exposure– Damage control – prevents negative reaction
• Phased – install in phases with whole group– Manageable chunks– Can not use this approach for highly integrated systems
• Parallel – run at same time as old system– Expensive for long period– Double work– Testing against another system can be good/bad
• Plunge – dive in and discard old system– Danger if it doesn’t work – Very Risky– Avoid if possible
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Business Process Definitions
• Business Process – network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and data flows that interact to accomplish a function– Activities – collections of related tasks– Repository – collection of something– Roles – collection of procedures– Resources – people or systems assigned to roles– Data flow – movement of data from one activity
to another, or to a repository, or to a process
![Page 14: Reporting Applications Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a reporting tool to that data to produce information. This.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649e105503460f94afb611/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BPM – Business Process Mgt
• Cyclical process for creating, assessing, and altering business processes
• Continuous improvement• Complexity varies
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Diagramming
• Used in modeling business processes• Symbols:– Start– End– Activity– Decision– Data– Process Flow – Message Flow
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What are the 4 conversion options?
• Pilot – implement whole system with partial group– Failures are contained– Reduced exposure– Damage control – prevents negative reaction
• Phased – install in phases with whole group– Manageable chunks– Can not use this approach for highly integrated systems
• Parallel – run at same time as old system– Expensive for long period– Double work– Testing against another system can be good/bad
• Plunge – dive in and discard old system– Danger if it doesn’t work – Very Risky– Avoid if possible
![Page 17: Reporting Applications Reporting application inputs data from one or more sources and applies a reporting tool to that data to produce information. This.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649e105503460f94afb611/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Managing Challenges
• Coordination• Diseconomies of Scale• Configuration control• Unexpected Events• Maintaining morale
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Functions of IS Department
• Planning the use of information technology to accomplish the organization’s goals and strategy.
• Developing, operating, and maintaining the organization’s computing infrastructure.
• Developing, operating, and maintaining enterprise applications.
• Protecting information assets.• Managing outsourcing relationships.
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Scope of Outsourcing
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User Rights and Responsibilities
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Typical Operations Department
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Risks of Outsourcing
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Threats to Information Security
• Human error and mistakes• Malicious human activity• Natural events and disasters
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More info…• Human Error and Mistakes– Could be employee or non-employee– Poorly written programs or procedures– Data entry errors– Misuse– Physical mistake (ex. Unplugging something)
• Malicious Activity– Could be employee, former employee, or hacker– Breaking into systems to steal/damage– Introducing worms or viruses– Terrorism
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Identification and Authentication
– Includes passwords (what you know), smart cards (what you have), and biometric authentication (what you are).
– Often more secure, and easier, to establish a single sign-on for multiple systems.
• Wireless systems pose additional problems Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)-first developed Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)-more secure Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2)-newest and most secure
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Problems and Sources
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Five Technical Safeguards• For Hardware and Software components of
Info System
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Other Technical Safeguards
• Firewall– Should be installed on every computer connected
to a network, especially the internet
• Malware protection– Protects from spyware and adware– Symptoms of a PC with spyware or adware
installed
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Human Safeguards – In House Employees