Report on Damage Survey at Sreemangal due to the 2017 Jan ...

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Report on

Damage Survey at Sreemangal due to the 2017 Jan. 3 Tripura M=5.5 Earthquake

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Contents

1. Earthquake information: ................................................................................................................. 3

2. Method: ............................................................................................................................................. 4

3. Surveyed Sites and location maps: .................................................................................................. 8

4. Result: ............................................................................................................................................. 10

5. Reference data (historical earthquakes) ....................................................................................... 27

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Report on Damage Survey at Sreemangal due to the 2017 Jan. 3 Tripura M=5.5 Earthquake

Purpose: To confirm building damage and seismic intensity at Sreemangal due to the 2017 Jan. 3 Earthquake

1. Earthquake information:

Earthquake: 2017 Jan. 03 09:09:02 UTC, M=5.5 N24.02, E92.01 (Tripura, India) (by USGS)

Damage: (source: PWD Maulvibazar District Office, ADPC, and etc.)

- First investigation in Jan. by Mr. Kazi Sharif Uddin Ahmed, former EE of Maulvibazar, PWD and Mr.

Shakhawat Hossain, DPD of BSPP, and Mr. S.K. Toufiqur Rahman of PWD HQ

- One RC residential building in Sreemangal was affected with shear cracks on beam and column.

- A number of brick masonry members were cracked but not so collapsed in Kamalganj

- Maulvibazar also felt severely, but no building damage was found

- Several liquefaction were reported in Kamalganj by local authority and newspapers

- Uncertain information

Two fire stations were affected in Kamalganj and Sreemangal

a bridge by LGED in Kamalganj affected

a resort in Sreemangal was a little bit affected

Data and Course of the survey:

2017 Feb. 20 left Dhaka for Sreemangal, and whole afternoon survey at Sreemangal and Kamalganj

(Route map from Dhaka to Sreemangal and Kamalganj)

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Survey Members and support:

Members: Mr. S.K. Toufiqur Rahman (PWD-HQ), Mr. S.M. Ahsanul Amin and Mr. Fumio Kaneko (BSPP-

JET) with Mr. Borun Kumar Biswas, Executive Engineer of Maulvibazar District, PWD, A.K.M. Tanvir

Ahmed, SDE of Maulvibazar District PWD and Md. Abdul Malik, SAE of Maulvibazar District PWD and

escorted by Kamalganj Thana 6 Policemen team

Supported by Mr. KM Mostafa Hasan, Superintending Engineer and Mr. Shakhawat Hossain, Executive

Engineer of PWD Headquarter, Mr. Kazi Sharif Uddin Ahmed, previous Executive Engineer of

Maulvibazar District PWD

Sponsored by: JICA Bangladesh Office

2. Method:

Survey was conducted by the Visual Survey of buildings and seismic intensity interview by surveyors. The

checklist and relating criteria on damage grade and seismic intensity are shown below.

Check sheet of visual survey

Name of surveyor: Sheet No.:

Building address:

Longitude: Latitude:

No. of story: Construction Year:

1. Adobe (mud, clay)

Floor type: 1. Concrete 2. Wooden

1. Residence 2. Residence w shop 3. Office 4. Shop 5. School 6. Hospital

7. Public buildings 8. Historical 9. Others No. of household: Rent: 1 Yes, 2. No

Damage degree: 0. No damage 1. Slight 2. Moderate 3. Substantial 4. Heavy 5. Destruction

Ground failure: 0. Not found 1. Liquefaction 2. Landslide 3. Settlement

Intensity (MMI): II III IV V VI VII

No. of death: No. of injured:

Photos:

Remarks:

Category Category

Adobe (mud, clay) 1 Residence 1

Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 2 Residence with shop 2

3 Office 3

Confined masonry 4 Shop 4

RC frame w. brick infill wall 5 School 5

Others (wooden, steel) 6 Hospital 6

Public building 7

Hitorical 8

Others 9

Damage Degree Catogory Ground Failure Category

No damage 0 Not found 0

Slight damage 1 Liquefaction 1

Modorate damage 2 Landslide 2

Substantial damage 3 Settelement 3

Heavy damage 4

Destruction 5

2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint

4. Confined masonry

Building Damage Assessment Sheet Date:

1. Visual 2. Listen

Structure type:

1. Visual 2. Listen

Structure Type

Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint

5. RC frame w. brick infill wall 6. Others (wooden, steel)

3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint

Irregularity, overhang, etc.

1. Visual 2. Listen

Usage:

Usage

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Criteria of damage grade (by ERS)

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Explanation of MMI intensity (by NSET)

For actual use in the survey, among MMI intensities of I to XII, I to VI are translated into Bengali this

time.

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Original information of MMI explanation by NSET.

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3. Surveyed Sites and location maps:

1A-1E : affected building in Sreemangal (Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare)

2 - 5 : surrounding buildings of affected one in Sreemangal

6 : Fire Station at Sreemangal

7 : Labor Welfare Division building at Sreemangal (Kolkarkhana)

8 : Kamalganj Thana bldg. at Kamalganj

9 : Fire Station at Kamalganj

Map 1

Map 2

1A-1E

2

3

1

4

7

5

1

2

3

6

Saghot Digi

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Map 3

Map 4

8

playground

9

8

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4. Result:

Visited sites are summarized as a list below.

1. List of Visited Building lD.

No

Name of Building Story Location Construction

Year

Affected

Status

Seismic

intensity

Comments

1 Sarkari Shishu

Paribar Social

Welfare

Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,

Maulvibazar.

1.A Child Residence 5 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,

Maulvibazar.

2001 Moderate IV Lots of cracks & heavy

damage were found in

structural elements.

1.B Class Room 2 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,

Maulvibazar.

1961 No Damage IV Lots of deficiencies were

found, but maybe before

earthquake

1.C Office Building 2 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,

Maulvibazar.

2001 No Damage IV

1.D Officer Residence 1 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,

Maulvibazar.

2001 No Damage IV

1.E Office Cum

school building

2 Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal,

Maulvibazar.

2001 Slight IV Cracks were found in

structural elements

(beam & column)

2 Sreemongal

Upzilla Post Office

2 Puran Bazar Road,

Sreemongal,Maulvibazar. Post

Code‐3210

20+ years old No Damage IV

3 Jabel Mansion 3 Puran Bazar Road,


Code‐3210

30+ years old No Damage IV Upper stories are under

construction. A crack was

found at slab bottom, but

local person said it was

before earthquake

4 Hotel Sondha 4 Notun Bazar,


Code‐3210

1995 No Damage III

5 Haque Mansion 2 Puran Bazar Road,


Code‐3210

2008 No Damage III Only Cracks were found

in infill brick wall and at

slab bottom, but local

person said they are

before earthquake

6 Fire Service & Civil

Defense Station

Sreemangal

2 (B‐

Type)

Habiganj Road, Ruposhpur,

Sreemongal,Maulvibazar.

1982 Slight III Only cracks (diagonal

cracks) were found in

infill brick wall & no

damage found in

structural elements.

7 Labor Welfare

Division For Tea

Industry

3 Sreemongal,Maulvibazar. 1962 No Damage III

8 Police Station,

Kamalganj

2 Kamalganj 2009 Moderate V Lots of cracks in infill wall

(horizontal cracks) &

heavy damage found in

duct wall made of brick

9 Fire Service & Civil

Defense Station

Kamalganj

2 (B‐

Type)

Kamalganj 2012 Moderate IV Lots of cracks & heavy

damage were found in

infill wall and structural

elements. Settlement

occurred & water supply

off after earthquake.

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Conclusion:

1) Seismic intensity

Seismic intensity at Sarkari Shishu Paribar building of Social Welfare in Sreemangal would be MMI

Intensity IV, and surrounding area, where affected were very less, would be IV or III to IV. This might be

maximum 40-50gals in PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration). One specific issue would be a “seiche” (tidal

wave) in the Saghot Digi (pond) behind the Shishu Paribar building.

On the contrary, in Kamalganj at Thana building, MMI was V, and at Fire station MMI was IV, therefore

a little bit stronger ground shaking than at Sreemangal. Considering the liquefaction occurrence, PGA there

would be 50-80gals maximum.

Note: Seismic intensity data by USGS

2) Damage to buildings

1: Affected building in Sreemangal (Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare):

Under the Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare area, there are five buildings were surveyed as shown

below;

1A: Children residence: This is a five storied building, constructed in 2001, and approximately 100 children

have been living there. During survey, we found lots of cracks, heavy damage in structural elements (beam &

column joint), fall of brittle plaster at beam-column joints & one column affected very badly. This column

concrete cover fell down & main re-bar exposed. The cracked columns were mainly in the west and north sides

at the irregularity structure portions. The foundation and hooting seemed not so bad as far as we could look.

Water level at the time of survey was a little bit high. The inhabitants/residences, who were present at that

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building in the time of the earthquake, heard a loud sound and felt heavy shake.

Some of the causes of the damage might be considered possible as below, taking into account that the

surrounding buildings were not affected mostly.

- Soft story: In the ground floor, there are mostly columns except only 2 or 3 infill-brick walls. This might

provide the stiffness of ground floor lower compared to other stories of the building. This means top heavy

as well.

- Strong beam and weak column: According to BNBC 2.12.2.6, another cause for beam column joint failure

could be strong beam and weak column. In the affected building floor of ground floor, the beam size is

250mm x 600mm & column size is 250mm x 500mm.

- Beam column joint with insufficient stirrup placing: This is very important issue. However, similar to most

of the construction sites in this country, we observed lack of stirrup at beam column joint in this building.

May be it could be one of the causes of failure.

- Soil effect: Behind the building, there is pond, and the water level would be relatively high. Filled soils

looked sandy, then some soil effect could be considered. However, it was not clear, because we could not

observe the deeper portion of the foundation.

1B: Class Room: This is a two storied very old building, constructed in 1961. During survey, we found

that re-bar were exposed at some portion of slab & beam. However, local people said that these

deficiencies/problems have existed in the prior period of the incidence of the earthquake.

1C: Office Building: This is a two storied building which was constructed in 2001.We didn’t find any

damage there.

1D: Officer Residence: This is a one storied building which was constructed in 2001.We didn’t find any

damage there.

1E: Office Cum School Building: This is a two storied building which was constructed in 2001. We

found some small cracks at beam & brick wall joint and one crack found at ground floor column.

2 to 5: Buildings surrounding the affected one in Sreemangal:

We visited several buildings surrounding the affected one at Sreemangal.

2: Sreemangal Upzilla Post Office: This is a two storied building, which is over 20+ years old. We didn’t

find any damage during the survey. Who were present at that building in the time of the earthquake, they

heard a loud sound and felt heavy shake.

3: Jabel Mansion: This is a three storied over 30+ years old building and upper stories are under

construction. We found some small cracks at the bottom of ground floor roof slab during the survey. But

peoples said, these cracks were before earthquake. And they heard loud sound and felt heavy shake in

the time of the earthquake.

4: Hotel Sondha: This is a four storied hotel cum shop building which was constructed in 1995. No

damage was found during the survey, but people heard loud sound and heavy shaking in the time of the

earthquake.

5: Haque Mansion: This is a two storied shop cum office (bank) building which was constructed in 2008.

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We found some cracks at infill brick wall but local representative said that the cracks were before the

earthquake.

6: Sreemangal Fire Station: This is a two storied (B-type) office cum residence building which was

constructed in 1982. We found a few diagonal cracks in infill brick wall, but no damage found in

structural elements

7: Labor Welfare Division for Tea Industry: This is a three storied building which was constructed in

1962. Who were present at that building told that they heard a loud sound and felt heavy shaking in the

time of the earthquake, but no damage found in the building.

8: Kamalganj Thana bldg.: This is a two storied building which was constructed in 2009. We found lots

of cracks (horizontal cracks) and heavy damage in infill brick walls & duct walls. Who were present at

that building they heard a loud sound and felt very severe shaking during the time of the earthquake.

9: Kamalganj Fire Station: This is a two storied (B-type) office cum residence building which was

constructed in 2012. We found lots of diagonal cracks in infill brick walls, as well as cracks and heavy

damage in structural elements around the base of the building. We observed the soil settlement occurred

around the building, but any evidence of liquefaction was found by us. And because of the settlement,

water supply was damaged. Who were present at that building they heard a loud sound and felt heavy

shake in the time of earthquake.

3) Liquefaction

Near Kamalganj Thana building, there were liquefaction traces in the playground, which was filled by

sand and with high water level. According to the information by newspapers liquefied places are something

like above, namely, filled by sand with high water level. This is one of the most likely to liquefy. Instead,

in Sreemangol, we could not find liquefaction traces.

Liquefaction traces on the playground near Kamalgonj Thana building

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Appendix

1. Building Damage Assessment

Date: 20.02.17

Name of Surveyor: S.M. Ahsanul Amin Sheet No: 1.A

Building Name: Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare (Children’s Residence).

Address: Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, Maulvibazar.


No. of Story: 5 (Visual) Construction Year 2001 (Listen)

Structural type:

1.Adobe (mud & clay) 2. Brick/Stone masonry w. mud joint 3. Brick/Stone masonry w. cement mortar joint

4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)

Visual Listen

Floor type: 1.Concrete 2.Wooden

Visual Listen

Usage:

1.Residence 2. Residence w. Shop 3.Office 4.Shop 5.School 6.Hospital

7.Public building 8.Historical 9.others No of house hold: 100 child Rent:1.Yes,

2. No

Damage Degree: 0.No damage 1.Slight 2.Moderate 3. substantial 4. Heavy 5. Destruction

Ground Failure: 0.Not found 1.Liquefrction 2.land slide 3.Settlement


No. of death: No No. of Injured No

Photos:

Remarks: Lots of Cracks & heavy damage found in structural elements (Beam & column joint).

Ground floor has only columns and a stair, which might provide soft story effect. Basement looked

relatively sound

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Date: 20.02.17

Name of Surveyor: S.M. Ahsanul Amin Sheet No: 1.B

Building Name: Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare, School.




Structural type:


4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Stone chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)

Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:


7.Public building 8.Historical 9.others No of house hold: Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:

Building front View

Slab reinforcement exposed

Remarks:

Deficiencies were before EQ

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Date: 20.02.17

Name of Surveyor: S.M. Ahsanul Amin Sheet No: 1.C

Building Name: Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare, Office Building.




Structural type:


4.Confined masonry 5.RC frame w. brick infill wall & Brick chips 6.Others (wood, Steel)

Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



2. No





Photos:

Building front View

Remarks:

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Date: 20.02.17

Name of Surveyor: S.M. Ahsanul Amin Sheet No: 1.D

Building Name: Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare, Officer Residence.




Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



2. No





Photos:

Building front View

Remarks:

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Date: 20.02.17

Name of Surveyor: S.M. Ahsanul Amin Sheet No: 1.E

Building Name: Sarkari Shishu Paribar Social Welfare, Office Cum School building.




Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



2. No





Photos:

Some crack found at column & beam.

Remarks:

Same Cracks found in structural elements (Beam & column).

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Date: 20.02.17

Name of Surveyor: Toufiq Sheet No: 2

Building Name: Sreemongal Upzilla Post Office.

Address: , Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, Maulvibazar. Post Code-3210


No. of Story: 2 (Visual) Construction Year 20+ years old (Listen)

Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



2. No





Photos:

Building front view

Investigation on progress

Remarks:

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Jabel Mansion.

Address: Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, Maulvibazar. Post Code-3210


No. of Story: 3 (Visual) Construction Year 30+ years old (Listen)

Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



2. No





Photos:

Building front view Investigation on progress

Crack found at slab bottom

Remarks: Upper storied are under construction. Crack found at slab bottom but local person said this is before earthquake.

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Hotel Sondha.

Address: Notun Bazar, Sreemangal, Maulvibazar. Post Code-3210



Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:


7.Public building 8.Historical 9.others (Hotel) No of house hold: Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:


Remarks: People said the building inclined a bit, but not so clear.

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Haque Manson.

Address: Puran Bazar Road, Sreemangal, Maulvibazar. Post Code-3210


No. of Story: 2 (Visual) Construction Year 2008(Listen)

Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:


7.Public building 8.Historical 9.others (Hotel) No of house hold: Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:


Crack found at outside brick wall

Remarks: Only Cracks found in infill brick wall but local person said this is before earthquake.

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Fire Service & Civil Defence Station B-Type.

Address: Hobigonj Road, Ruposhpur., Sreemangal, Maulvibazar.



Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:

1.Residence 2. Residence w. Shop 3.Office cum residence 4.Shop 5.School 6.Hospital

7.Public building 8.Historical 9.others (Hotel) No of house

hold:

Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:

Building front view

Crack found at infill brick wall

Remarks: Only Cracks (Diagonal cracks) found in infill brick wall & no damage found in structural elements.

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Labor Welfare Division For Tea Industry

Address: Sreemangal, Maulvibazar.



Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



hold:

Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:

Building front view Building back view

Remarks:

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Police Station

Address: Kamalganj



Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:



hold:

Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:

Building front view

Crack found at infill brick wall

Remarks: Lots of Cracks in infill wall (horizontal cracks) & heavy damage found in duct wall.

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Date: 20.02.17


Building Name: Fire Service & Civil Defense Station (B-Type).

Address: Kamalganj



Structural type:



Visual Listen


Visual Listen

Usage:

1.Residence 2. Residence w. Shop 3.Office cum residence 4.Shop 5.School 6.Hospital


hold:

Rent:1.Yes,

2. No





Photos:

Building front view

Cracks & heavy damage found in infill wall and structural elements

Remarks: Lots of Cracks & heavy damage found in infill wall and structural elements. Settlement occurred & water supply off after

earthquake.

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5. Reference data (historical earthquakes)

Acknowledgment

We would like to express our great gratitude for PWD and JICA who provided us to have a chance to survey,

and many thanks for related people and local residents, especially for Kamalgonj Policemen.

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