Remote Sensing of Our Environment Using Satellite Digital Images to Analyze the Earth’s Surface.
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Transcript of Remote Sensing of Our Environment Using Satellite Digital Images to Analyze the Earth’s Surface.
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Remote Sensing of Our Environment
Using Satellite Digital Images to Analyze the Earth’s Surface
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CIR Film at Close Range
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Air Photos
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Artist’s Rendition of SPOT Satellite
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Definition of Remote Sensing
• Remote sensing is the science and art of acquiring information (spectral, spatial, temporal) about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact.
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EMR
• In remote sensing, information transfer is accomplished by use of electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Geraniums - Normal Color Film
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Geraniums - CIR Film
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Normal Color/CIR Comparison
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Thermal Radiometer
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Archeology Site - South Dakota
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Big Brother Watching…..
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Interactions between Matter and Electro-magnetic Radiation
• All matter reflects, absorbs, penetrates and emits electro-magnetic radiation in a unique way.
• For example, the reason why a leaf looks green is that the chlorophyll absorbs blue and red spectra and reflects the green spectrum
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Types of Remote Sensing with Respect to Wavelength Regions
• Remote sensing is classified into three types with respect to the wavelength regions; – (1)Visible and Reflective Infrared Remote
Sensing, – (2)Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing and– (3)Microwave Remote Sensing
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Spectral Reflectance of Land Covers
Spectral reflectance of vegetation, soil and water
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Spectral Reflectance of Land Covers
Spectral reflectance of different kinds of trees
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Landsat MSS - Where??
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Where?
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Where?
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Where?
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Where?
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Gemini Film Image
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What Season?
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See the Line?
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Significant Variations in Land Cover and Land Use
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Ready to Go!
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What Scale?
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TM vs MSS
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SPOT - Washington DC
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Pacman Farm….
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Gharb, Morocco
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Gharb - Pre-Harvest
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Gharb - Post-Harvest
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Sakur, Japan
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Chernobyl - 1986
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Ocean Measurements
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California Mosaic
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Resolution
• Spectral Resolution
• Radiometric Resolution
• Spatial Resolution
• Temporal Resolution
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Landsat MSS
• Spectral Resolution– Band 4 (0.5 – 0.6 um, green)– Band 5 (0.6 – 0.7 um, red)– Band 6 (0.7 – 0.8 um, photo IR)– Band 7 (0.8 – 1.1um, near IR)
• Radiometric Resolution– 1 byte (256 levels (0 – 255))
• Spatial Resolution– 80m (260ft)
• Temporal Resolution– 16 days
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Landsat MSS
• Orbital altitude – 570 miles
• 11.560 FOV – 115 mile swath
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SPOT
• Spectral Resolution– Band 1 (0.50 – 0.59 um, green)– Band 2 (0.60 – 0.68um, red)– Band 3 (0.79 – 0.89um, RIR)
• Radiometric Resolution– 1 byte
• Spatial Resolution– 20m
• Temporal Resolution– 26 days vertically downward. Can move mirror 270, increasing
repeatability to 7x in 26 days.
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SPOT
• Orbital altitude – 516 miles
• 73 mile swath
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Commercialization of Space Remote Sensing
Here is a SpaceImaging high resolution panchromatic scene that shows the pyramids outside of Cairo, Egypt
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Quickbird-2 is the flagship of Digital Globe
The Pentagon (a year after it was damaged by a terrorist air assault) on the Virginia side of the Potomac River outside Washington, D.C.
2.8m spatial resolution.
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Military Intelligence Satellites
The KH-12 series, the last for which some specifications can be found, is reputed to achieve a resolution of 2+ cm, although images of this sharpness haven't been released.
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Spatial Resolution Detection vs.Recognition
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San Francisco
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2x Enlargement
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4x Enlargement
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8x Enlargement
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NYC Landsat TM