Remember concept maps?

Concept Map:

Objective: learn to link terms with ideas covered in class

Terms: carbohydrate, simple carb, fast carbs, added sugar, natural sugar, lactose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, complex carb, slow carbs, fiber, glycogen, starch, grains, honey, soda, plain yogurt, fruit, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen

Practice: Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

dietary carbohydrates

DietaryCarbohydrate

Simple carbfast

Complex carbslow

Fructose

Glucoseblood glucose

Lactose

Sucrose

HoneycandysodaAddedsugar

FruitNaturalsugar

FiberStarch & Fiber

Veg, grains, grain

by-products

Milk,plain yogurtNaturalsugar

GlycogenOur storage form of glucose

No glycogen in food

Fruit

Blood Sugar

Lows and Highs

Tools for Control-Overview Insulin

Protein based, pancreatic hormone Acts like a key to let glucose into cells Lowers blood glucose level (BSL)

Glucagon Protein based, pancreatic hormone Raises BSL by breaking down glycogenGoal BSL ~80-100 mg %…or TROUBLE

dizzy, confused

sweaty, rapid heart rate

grouchy, anxious

Low blood sugar

Hypoglycemia (Low BSL) Acute danger but uncommon condition Need glucose in blood 24/7 Treatment simple carb (sugars)

immediately Preventing hypoglycemia

No meal skipping Include healthy complex carb/protein at

meals Limit simple and

reduce/avoid‘added’sugar

What happens….???

Diabetes!

Diabetes Projections: 2000 to 2030

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Hyperglycemia (high fasting BSL) Cause: not enough or ineffective Insulin Result: too much sugar in blood-not enough

in cell Consequence: cells/tissues are glucose

starvedchronic inflammation occursblood lipids and pressure rise, arteries

harden tissue/cell function declines

DM: A chronic, progressive disease Common consequences

Heart disease (#1 cause-diabetic deaths)

BlindnessAmputationsKidney disease

Renal Dialysis

Classifications of Diabetes Type 1

Uncommon Inadequate

insulin Treatment

requires insulin healthy diet regular exercise

Classifications of Diabetes Type 2

Majority of cases Ineffective insulinTreatment: Medical pills/injections Lifestyle

diet/exercise/stress mgt.

Trickle in healthy carbs thru day No meal skipping Limit added sugar Replace saturated (animal) with

unsat. (plant) fats Achieve a healthy weight Quit smoking Daily exercise

Managing BSL: your ideas?

Concept Map:

Terms: blood sugar (glucose), hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, glucagon, insulin, Type 1 diabetes (DM), Type 2 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin.

Note: You can use descriptors along your arrows e.g. increases, decreases, released, etc.

Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

Blood Sugar Level

Blood Sugar (glucose) Level

Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia

Glucagon releasedInadequate

InsulinIneffective

insulin

DM Type 1DM Type 2

Release liver glycogen BSL

Concept Map: controlling BSL

Insulin released

BSL

BSL