Biomolecules - Carbs and Lipids
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Transcript of Biomolecules - Carbs and Lipids
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Dutrochet
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Modern Cell Theory• All organisms are made up of
cells.• New cells are always produced
from pre-existing cells.• The cell is a structural and
functional unit of all living things.
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Modern Cell Theory• The cell contains hereditary
information which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.• All cells are basically the same in
chemical composition and metabolic activities.
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Biomolecules
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Atoms
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Essential Elements of Life
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen – 96%
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Molecules
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Joined together by chemical bonds
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Sometimes, molecules bond to
form very large structures called macromolecules
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DNA is an example of a macromolecule.
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Some macromolecules are made of the same repeating
units (molecules). These are called
polymers.
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Each repeating unit in a polymer is
called a monomer.
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Macromolecules ARE VERY LARGE
NOT a polymer macromolecule
POLYMER!
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molecules* that are produced by a living organism
Biomolecules
*commonly macromolecules
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LipidsProteins
Nucleic AcidsCarbohydrates
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Lipids – NOT a Polymer Proteins - Polymer
Nucleic Acids - PolymerCarbohydrates - Polymer
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Carbohydrates
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CarbohydratesThey are used
for energy production, storage, and for structure.
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Carbohydrates
MonosaccharideDisaccharide
Polysaccharide
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Carbohydrates
MonosaccharideSimplest carbs
MonomersEnergy for cells
Formula: Multiples of CH2O
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Carbohydrates
MonosaccharideGlucose
FructoseGalactose
Ribose
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Carbohydrates
DisaccharideTwo monosaccharides
joined together by a glycosidic bond
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MaltoseGlucose + Glucose
LactoseGlucose + Galactose
SucroseGlucose + Fructose
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharidepolymers of sugars that
have storage and structural roles
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Amylose / Starch-plants
Storage Polysaccharides
Glycogen-animals and fungi
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Cellulose-plants
Structural Polysaccharides
Chitin- insects, crustaceans
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Lipids
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Lipids
They are used for energy
storage, cell signalling, and for structure.
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Lipids
Fats, Oils, WaxesPhospholipids
Steroids
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Lipids
Fats & OilsMade up of triglycerides
Stored in adiposeCushions organs
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Lipids
Fats & OilsMade up of triglycerides
Stored in adiposeCushions organs
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Lipids
PhospholipidsMajor components of
cell membranesof various organisms
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Phospholipid
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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Lipids
SteroidsChemical basis of many
animal hormones
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