REL CL

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12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction

12-2 Using who and whom in adjective ...12-3 Using who, who(m), and thatin adjective ...

12-4 Using which and thatin adjective clauses

12-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective

12-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses12-7 Using whose in adjective clauses

12-8 Using where in adjective clauses

12-9 Using when in adjective clauses

CONTENTS

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12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION

I have a terrific friendwho is very kind.

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11-10 CPITALIZATION


(a) I have a terrific friend.

adjective + noun

(b) I have a thoughtful friend.

adjective + noun

adjective modifies noun

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11-10 CPITALIZATION


(b) I have a thoughtful friend.

adjective + noun

adjective noun

(usually)

(a) I have a terrific friend.

adjective + noun

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11-10 CPITALIZATION


(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.

noun + adjective clause

adjective clause modifies noun

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is adoctor.


11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.


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11-10 CPITALIZATION


(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.


noun adjective clause

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is adoctor.


11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.


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12-2 USINGWHOAND WHOMIN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The boy who has the phoneis adorable.

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(a) The child is adorable.

(b) The child is adorable.

He has the phone.

is a subject pronounhe

is a subject pronounwho

who has the phone

he adjective clausewho

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(b) The child is adorable.who has the phone

INCORRECT: The child is adorable

who has the phone.

noun adjective clause

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(c) The child was funny.

(d) The child was funny.

I saw him.

is an object pronounhim

is an object pronounwhom

whom I saw

him adjective clausewhom

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(c) The child was funny.

(d) The child was funny.who has the phone

INCORRECT: The child was funny who has the phone.


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12-1,12-2 LETS PRACTICE

whotwo sentences one sentence

Jonah is in my English class.He is an excellent student.

who is an excellent studentis in my English class.Jonah

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whotwo sentences one sentence

Mary is an artist.She is very talented.

who is very talentedis an artist.Mary

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whom we see are


two sentences one sentence

We see the vendors.

They are working in the floatingmarket.

working in the floating market.

The vendors

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The girl that has the phoneis friendly.

12-3 USINGWHO,WHO(M),AND THATIN ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES

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(a) The girl is friendly.

(b) The girl is friendly.who has the phone

INCORRECT: The girl has the phone is friendly.

(c) The girl thathas the phone is friendly.

samemeaning


CLAUSES

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(c) The child is adorable.

He has the phone.

is a subject pronounHecan be the subjectthat

thathas the phone

He adjective clausethat


CLAUSES

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(d) The child was funny. I knew her.

(e) The child was funny.who(m) I knew

(f) The child that I knew was funny.


CLAUSES

(g) The child I knew was funny.

object pronoun can be omitted

from adjective clause

S O

who(m)

that

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12-3 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR

The people who(m) I met last nightwere really funny.

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12-3 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR

The woman is reading is my sister.

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12-3 LETS PRACTICE

CORRECT INCORRECTOR ?

The woman that is reading is my sister.

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12-4 USINGWHICHAND THATIN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The computer that I justbought is really fast.

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(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.

(c) My computerthat is new is really fast.

(b) My computerwhich is new is really fast.

s v

s v

s v

which thingsthat people / things

who, whom people

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adjective clausewhichIt

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adjective clausethatIt

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(a) That computer is really fast. It is new.

(c) That computerthat is new is really fast.

(b) That computerwhich is new is really fast.

INCORRECT: That computer is new is really fast.

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which, that object in adjective clause


(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.

(f) The old carthat I drive needs work.

(e) The old carwhich I drive needs work.

s v o

o s v

o s v

(g) The old car I drive needs work.

s v

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(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.

(f) The old carthat I drive needs work.

(e) The old carwhich I drive needs work.

(g) The old car I drive needs work.

same meaning

same meaning

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which we played

12-4 LETS PRACTICE

whichtwo sentences one sentence

We played a game. The game was fun.

was fun.

The game

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we played

12-4 LETS PRACTICE


was fun.

The game

We played a game. The game was fun.

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the supermarket

12-4 LETS PRACTICE

thattwo sentences one sentence

Where is the supermarket?

It sells great produce.

that sells great produce?

Where is

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12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES

I have a friend who is awonderful gardener.

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CLAUSES

(a) I have a friendwho is a wonderful gardener.

singular noun singular verb

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CLAUSES

(b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners.

plural noun plural verb

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12-5 LETS PRACTICE

is

arePeople who travel to other countries

___ required to have a passport.are

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12-5 LETS PRACTICE

is

areA set of twins that ___ not identical

___ called fraternal.

is

is

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12-5 LETS PRACTICE

speak

speaks

There are many people in

Europe who ______ more than

one language.

speak

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12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The new student I talked towas thrilled to be here.

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(a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her.PREPObj.

(b) The teacher whom I talkedto is friendly.

PREPObj.

(c) The teacher that I talkedto is friendly.

(d) The teacher I talkedto is friendly.

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(e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly.PREP

O

bj.

FORMALENGLISH

preposition + whom + adjective clause

which

MUST have pronoun


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(f) The paper is long. I am working on it.PREPObj.

(g) The paper which I am working on is long.

PREPObj.

(h) The paper that I am working on is long.

(i) The paper I am working on is long.

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(j) The paper on which Iam working is long.PREP

O

bj.

FORMALENGLISH

preposition + whom + adjective clause

which

MUST have pronoun


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which we

whichtwo sentences one sentence

We went to a game. It was boring.

went to was boring.

The game

12-6 LETS PRACTICE

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we


went to was boring.

The game

12-6 LETS PRACTICE

We went to a game. It was boring.

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12-6 LETS PRACTICE

We visited a Rodin museum

yesterday. It was beautiful.that

that we visitedyesterday was beautiful.The Rodin museum

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12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The boy whose wrist isbroken has a cast.

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(a) The boy has a cast.

His wrist is broken.

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whose wrist

(b) The boy whos

ewr

istis broken has a cast.

whose possession

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(b) The boy whos

ewr

istis broken has a cast.

adjective clause

whose wrist

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(c) I have a friend.

Her motheris a doctor.

whose mother

(d) I have af

riend whos

emoth

er is a doctor.whose possession

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(c) I have a friend.

Her motheris a doctor.

whose mother

(d) I have af

riend whos

emoth

er is a doctor.

adjective clause

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(e) The family was moving.

I bought their car.

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(e) The family was moving.

I bought their car.

whose car

(f

) Thef

amily whos

eca

r I boughtwas moving.whose possession

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(c) The family is moving.

I bought their car.

whose car

(d) Thef

amily whos

eca

r

I bought was moving.

adjective clause

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12-7 LETS PRACTICE

This is my friend Ichiro.His sister is a famous

scientist.

whowhose

whose sister

is a famous scientist.

This is my friend Ichiro

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12-7 LETS PRACTICE

I go to a great doctor.

She is very busy.

who is very busy.I go to a great doctor

whowhose

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12-7 LETS PRACTICE

I go to a busy doctor.

Her patients often have to wait

in line.

whose patients often

have to wait in line.

I go to a busy doctor

whowhose

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12-8 USINGWHEREIN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The restaurant where I havelunch is very cheap.

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(a) The cafe is in Taksim.

(c) The cafe is in Taksim.

Wefirstmet there.

there w here

where we first met

there adjective clausewhere


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I always lock the drawer. I keep my books there.

there in it

I always lock the drawer. I keep my books in it.

in it in which

I always lock the drawerin which I keep my books.


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I always lock the drawer. I keep my books there.

I always lock the drawerinwhich I keep my books.

I always lock the drawerwhere I keep my books.

I always lock the drawerwhich I keep my books in.

same meaning

same meaning


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The island on which we live is huge.PREPObj.

FORMALENGLISH

preposition + which + adjective clause

where + adjective clause

MUST have pronoun

The island where we live is huge.


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12-8 LETS PRACTICE

The house is in Salonica.Atatrk was born .

wherewhich

where Atatrk was bornThe houseis in Salonica.

there

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12-8 LETS PRACTICE

India is the country.

I would like to see most.

which Id like to see most.India is the country

wherewhich

it

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12-8 LETS PRACTICE

The room is on the third

floor. The meeting is going to

be held .

where the meeting is going tobe heldThe room

is on the third floor.

wherewhich

there

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12-8 LETS PRACTICE

The room is not very big. We

use as a bedroom for our

guests.

which we use as a bedroom forour guestsThe room

is not very big.

wherewhich

it

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12-9 USINGWHENIN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

The day when my sister wasborn was very cold.

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(a) I neverforget the day.

(c) I neverforget the day

Wefirstmet then.

then when

when we first met.

then adjectiveclause

when


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I neverforget the day. We first met then.

then on that day

I neverforget the day. We first met on that day.

on that day on which

I neverforget the day on which we first met.


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I love summers. Everybody is full ofhope then.

I love summers inwhich everybody is full ofhope.

I love summers when everybody is full ofhope.

same meaning


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The day on which Ibroke my leg is the worstday of my life.

PREPObj.

FORMALENGLISH

preposition + which + adjective clause

when + adjective clause

MUST have pronoun

The day when Ibroke my leg is the worst day of

my life.


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12-9 LETS PRACTICE

That day was freezing cold.Bob went jogging

whenwhich

when Bob went joggingThe daywas freezing cold.

then.

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12-9 LETS PRACTICE

when he caught

a very big fish.He is talking about the vacation

whenwhich

He is talking about the

vacation. He caught a

very big fish during that

vacation

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12-9 LETS PRACTICE

Do you remember the

night?We went for a walk

on the beachwhen we went for

a walk on the beach ?Do you remember the night

whenwhich

then.

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12-9 LETS PRACTICE

Saturday is the day . We

usualy go shopping then

when we usualy goshopping.Saturday is the day

whenwhich

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12-9 LETS PRACTICE

when dinosours dominatedthe earth.There was a time

whenwhich

There was a time.

Dinosours dominated

the earth then.

REL CL

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