Reimer 2012 Journalism and the GuttenPlag-Wiki

The GuttenPlag-Wiki and Its Contributors

Julius Reimer, M.A. Hamburg, July 26th 2012

2

Agenda

•  The GuttenPlag-Wiki: A Social Web Phenomenon Fuelling a Scandal

•  The GuttenPlag-Activists, part 1: Results of a Spontaneous Online Survey

•  The GuttenPlag-Activists, part 2: Secondary Performance Roles in Journalism

3

A Social Web Phenomenon Fuelling a Scandal

Karl Theodor (...) zu Guttenberg,

former German minister of defence (2009-2011)

4




zu Guttenberg (2009):

„Constitution and Constitutional Treaty: Constitutional Developments in

the US and EU“

5




zu Guttenberg (2009):

„Constitution and Constitutional Treaty: Constitutional Developments in

the US and EU“

???

6


Prof. of law Andreas Fischer-Lescano finds first plagiarism in zu Guttenberg’s dissertation

GuttenPlag-wiki counts > 230,000 UV and ~ 2 mio. PI (Quantcast.com)

The GuttenPlag-crowd has identified ~180 plagiarisms on the 435 pages

(...) (...) (...) (...)

Univ. of Bayreuth takes away zu Guttenberg’s doctorate in law

zu Guttenberg resigns

“PlagDoc” and others start GuttenPlag-wiki

7





(...) (...) (...) (...)




8





(...) (...) (...) (...)




9





(...) (...) (...) (...)




10





(...) (...) (...) (...)




11




(...) (...) (...) (...)





12




(...) (...) (...) (...)





13





(...) (...) (...) (...)




14





(...) (...) (...) (...)




15


16


“This develops a great power, a ‘wham’; we cannot keep up with this.”

(Interv. with Hauke Janssen (Der Spiegel), Mar 3rd 2011; transl.: JR)

17

Results of a Spontaneous Online Survey

Key results

•  Questionnaire online for 48h (Feb 20th-22nd, 2011) •  1,034 respondents •  Average age of respondents: 38.1 yrs. •  Only 17.6 % female •  “Educated swarm”: 63.6 % have university degree •  18.8 % even have a doctor’s degree •  Core group of 143 active users (15.3 %) who searched for

plagiarisms, classified them and organised work

(735≤n≤932)

18


Motivations

•  62.1 %: Concern about the reputation of (German) science and the “worth” of a PhD title

•  45.8 %: Aversion to zu Guttenberg himself or his reaction to the accusations

(n=227)

19


Political orientation

Active “core group”: 121≤n≤123 Passive recipients: 659≤n≤672

(Source: Ruppert/Reimer 2011: 78)

20


Attention

•  “How did you hear about the wiki?”

(n=849)

26,3%

31,9% 13,4%

18,8% 9,6%

via traditional mass media via a traditional mass medium's website via "new media", e.g. blog, social network via mail, phone, face-to-face etc. no comment

21


Attention economics

•  Traditional journalism played an important role:

1.  Founders of the wiki heard about the plagiarism accusations via traditional mass media.

2.  Most of the other wiki-users heard about the platform via traditional mass media.

22

Secondary Performance Roles in Journalism

Audience roles: Receiving the system‘s performance

(Primary) performance roles: Effecting the system’s performance

23


SPRs imitate PPRs‘ practices. (Cf. Stichweh 2005: 37; Burzan et al. 2005, 2008; Volkmann 2010)

Audience roles: Receiving the system‘s performance

(Primary) performance roles: Effecting the system’s performance

“Secondary performance roles are a kind of

activist alternative to a mere audience status.”

(Stichweh 2005: 35; transl.: JR)

24


57.3%

35.7%

79.7%

0% 50% 100%

Search for plagiarisms

Classify plagiarisms

Comment on posts

GuttenPlag Journalism

25


57.3%

35.7%

79.7%

0% 50% 100%

Research, fact-checking



Comment on posts


26


57.3%

35.7%

79.7%

0% 50% 100%


Aggregation, Classification, Orientation



Comment on posts


27


57.3%

35.7%

79.7%

0% 50% 100%


Aggregation, Classification, Orientation

Commenting, Interpretations



Comment on posts

= journalistic selection- and presentation-programmes (cf. Blöbaum 1994, 2000)


28


Processing journalistic

programmes

yes

no

Secondary performance

role

Audience role

Primary performance

role

29


Identity indicators of journalism (Neuberger 2009: 62)

Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality Autonomy Publicity Wide range of topics Periodicity

30



Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality ✔ Autonomy Publicity Wide range of topics Periodicity

31



Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality ✔ Autonomy ✔ Publicity Wide range of topics Periodicity

32



Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality ✔ Autonomy ✔ Publicity ✔ Wide range of topics Periodicity

33



Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality ✔ Autonomy ✔ Publicity ✔ Wide range of topics – Periodicity

34



Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality ✔ Autonomy ✔ Publicity ✔ Wide range of topics – Periodicity –

35



Journalism GuttenPlag Topicality ✔ Autonomy ✔ Publicity ✔ Wide range of topics – Periodicity –

Periodicity and a wide range of topics can only be achieved within the framework of a journalistic organisation.

(Cf. also Luhmann 2005)

36


no yes

Member of a journalistic

organisation


programmes

yes

no


role

Audience role

Primary performance

role

37


no yes

Member of a journalistic

organisation


programmes

yes

no


role

Audience role

Primary performance

role

Journalist-recipient

38


Organisation(performance

roles)

Bearer of audience roles

Bearer of performance roles

Environment (audience roles)

39


Organisation (performance

roles)


roles Bearer of audience roles

Bearer of performance roles

Environment (audience roles)

40

Advertisement

Reimer, J./Ruppert, M. (forthcoming): GuttenPlag-Wiki und Journalismus: das Verhältnis eines neuen Medienakteurs im Social Web zu den traditionellen Massenmedien [GuttenPlag-Wiki and Journalism: the Relationship of a New Media Actor in the Social Web to Traditional Mass Media]. In: Dolata, U./Schrape, J.-F. (Eds.): Das Internet und der Wandel von Medienwelten [The Internet and the Change of Media Worlds]. Berlin: Edition Sigma

References •  Blöbaum, B. 1994: Journalismus als soziales System. Geschichte, Ausdifferenzierung und

Verselbständigung. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag

•  Blöbaum, B. 2000: Organisationen, Programme und Rollen. Die Struktur des Journalismus. In: Löffelholz, M. (Ed.): Theorien des Journalismus. Ein diskursives Handbuch. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, S. 169–183

•  Burzan, N./Lökenhoff, B. /Schimank, U. /Schöneck, N. M. 2005: Inklusionsprofile. Eine differenzierungstheoretische Sozialstrukturanalyse Deutschlands. Hagen: FernUniversität Hagen

•  Burzan, N./Lökenhoff, B./Schimank, U./Schöneck, N. M. 2008: Das Publikum der Gesellschaft. Inklusionsverhältnisse und Inklusionsprofile in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag

•  Luhmann, N. 2005: Interaktion, Organisation, Gesellschaft. Anwendungen der Systemtheorie. In: Ders.: Soziologische Aufklärung 2. Aufsätze zur Theorie der Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, S. 9–24

•  Neuberger, C. 2009: Internet, Journalismus und Öffentlichkeit. Analyse des Medienumbruchs. In: Neuberger, C./Nuernbergk, C./Rischke, M. (Eds.): Journalismus im Internet. Profession – Partizipation – Technisierung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, S. 19–105

•  Ruppert, M./Reimer, J. 2011: Im Schwarm. In: Journalist, Jg. 62, H. 4, S. 76–80

•  Stichweh, R. 2005: Inklusion und Exklusion. Studien zur Gesellschaftstheorie. Bielefeld: Transcript

•  Volkmann, U. 2010: Sekundäre Leistungsrolle. Eine differenzierungstheoretische Einordnung des Prosumenten am Beispiel des ‚Leser-Reporters‘. In: Blättel-Mink, B./Hellmann, K. (Eds.): Prosumer Revisited. Zur Aktualität einer Debatte. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, S. 206–220

41

Thank you for your attention.

42


Picture credits •  Plagiarism barcode: URL: http://de.guttenplag.wikia.com/ (accessed Jul 25th 2011; screenshot: JR)

•  Photo of zu Guttenberg: Peter Weis, URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Karl-Theodor_Freiherr_von_und_zu_Guttenberg.jpg (accessed Jul 25th 2011)

•  Dissertation cover: URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Cover_KT_Diss_Print.png (accessed Jul 25th 2011)

•  Article on Sueddeutsch.de: URL: http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/plagiatsvorwurf-gegen-verteidigungsminister-guttenberg-soll-bei-doktorarbeit-abgeschrieben-haben-1.1060774 (accessed Jul 25th 2011; screenshot: JR)

•  Plagiarism in the opening of the dissertation: URL: http://de.guttenplag.wikia.com/wiki/Seite_015 (accessed Jul 25th 2011; screenshot: JR)

•  Figure “Political orientation”: Ruppert/Reimer 2011: 78

Other sources

•  Interview with Hauke Janssen (Der Spiegel), Mar 3rd, 2011

•  Quantcast.com

43


Julius Reimer, M.A.

Hans-Bredow-Institut Warburgstraße 8-10

20354 Hamburg [email protected]

@jpub20team @julius_reimer

Reimer 2012 Journalism and the GuttenPlag-Wiki

News & Politics

Transcript of Reimer 2012 Journalism and the GuttenPlag-Wiki