Regions Of the World Alexandra Sampedro Christian Moreno Julius Lostal PSC1515 Honors.

Regions Of the WorldRegions Of the World

Alexandra SampedroAlexandra SampedroChristian MorenoChristian Moreno

Julius LostalJulius LostalPSC1515 HonorsPSC1515 Honors

Southern South AmericaSouthern South America

• Argentina, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Uruguay, Paraguay, Paraguay, BoliviaBolivia

Physical CoordinatesPhysical Coordinates

• Argentina: 34 00 S, 64 00 W Argentina: 34 00 S, 64 00 W

• Chile:30 00 S, 71 00 W Chile:30 00 S, 71 00 W

• Peru: 10 00 S, 76 00 W Peru: 10 00 S, 76 00 W

• Uruguay: 33 00 S, 56 00 W Uruguay: 33 00 S, 56 00 W

• Paraguay:23 00 S, 58 00 W Paraguay:23 00 S, 58 00 W

• Bolivia: 17 00 S, 65 00 W Bolivia: 17 00 S, 65 00 W

Days and nightsDays and nights

• In late March and late September both hemispheres are the same In late March and late September both hemispheres are the same distance from the Sun and the Sun is said to be at an equinox.distance from the Sun and the Sun is said to be at an equinox.

• In the Southern Hemisphere, the vernal equinox occurs in In the Southern Hemisphere, the vernal equinox occurs in September and the autumnal equinox occurs in March.September and the autumnal equinox occurs in March.

• At the equinoxes, the Sun appears to be directly over Earth’s At the equinoxes, the Sun appears to be directly over Earth’s equator.equator.

• The lengths of day and night are then equal over almost all The lengths of day and night are then equal over almost all Earth, except at the poles. Earth, except at the poles.

• The Sun is said to be at a solstice when the difference between The Sun is said to be at a solstice when the difference between the distances from each pole to the Sun is at its greatest.the distances from each pole to the Sun is at its greatest.

• The solstices usually occur on December 21 or 22 and June 21 or The solstices usually occur on December 21 or 22 and June 21 or 22. In December, the Southern Hemisphere has its summer 22. In December, the Southern Hemisphere has its summer solstice.solstice.

• In June, the Southern Hemisphere has its winter solstice. In June, the Southern Hemisphere has its winter solstice. • The Southern Hemisphere experiences its shortest day of The Southern Hemisphere experiences its shortest day of

sunlight and its longest night.sunlight and its longest night.

Time ZonesTime Zones

• Argentina: ARTArgentina: ART

• Chile: CLTChile: CLT

• Peru: PETPeru: PET

• Uruguay: UYTUruguay: UYT

• Paraguay: PYTParaguay: PYT

• Bolivia: BOTBolivia: BOT

• All countries can be found east of the All countries can be found east of the International Date Line and West of the Prime International Date Line and West of the Prime MeridianMeridian

Countries From TropicsCountries From Tropics

• South of the Tropic of CancerSouth of the Tropic of Cancer

• South of the Tropic of CapricornSouth of the Tropic of Capricorn

• South of the EquatorSouth of the Equator

• North of the South PoleNorth of the South Pole

• South of the North PoleSouth of the North Pole

Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals

• Argentina: lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron Argentina: lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, uranium.ore, manganese, uranium.

• Chile: copper, iron ore, and molybdenum.Chile: copper, iron ore, and molybdenum.• Peru: copper, silver, gold, iron ore.Peru: copper, silver, gold, iron ore.• Uruguay: minor minerals.Uruguay: minor minerals.• Paraguay: iron ore, manganese, Paraguay: iron ore, manganese,

limestone limestone • Bolivia: zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, Bolivia: zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver,

iron, lead, gold.iron, lead, gold.

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

• Cocos PlateCocos Plate– An oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off An oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off

the west coast of Central America.the west coast of Central America.– The northeastern and eastern sides are convergent The northeastern and eastern sides are convergent

boundaries subducting under the North American Plate, boundaries subducting under the North American Plate, the Caribbean Plate, and the South American Plate.the Caribbean Plate, and the South American Plate.

– The Cocos Plate is bounded by divergent boundaries to The Cocos Plate is bounded by divergent boundaries to the south with the Nazca Plate and to the west with the the south with the Nazca Plate and to the west with the Pacific Plate.Pacific Plate.

– To the northeast of the subducting edge lies the To the northeast of the subducting edge lies the continuous arc of volcanoes stretching from Costa Rica continuous arc of volcanoes stretching from Costa Rica to Guatemala and a belt of earthquakes that extends to Guatemala and a belt of earthquakes that extends farther north, into Mexico.farther north, into Mexico.


• South American PlateSouth American Plate– A tectonic plate covering the continent of South America A tectonic plate covering the continent of South America

and extending eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. and extending eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. – The easterly side is a divergent boundary with the African The easterly side is a divergent boundary with the African

Plate forming the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Plate forming the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. – The southerly side is a complex boundary with the The southerly side is a complex boundary with the

Antarctic Plate and the Scotia Plate.Antarctic Plate and the Scotia Plate.– The westerly side is a convergent boundary with the The westerly side is a convergent boundary with the

subducting Nazca Plate.subducting Nazca Plate.– The northerly side is a boundary with the Caribbean Plate.The northerly side is a boundary with the Caribbean Plate.– Responsible for lifting the massive Andes Mountains and Responsible for lifting the massive Andes Mountains and

causing volcanoes.causing volcanoes.


• Nazca PlateNazca Plate• The Nazca Plate, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern The Nazca Plate, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern

Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America.Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America.• The eastern margin is a convergent boundary subduction The eastern margin is a convergent boundary subduction

zone under the South American Plate and the Andes zone under the South American Plate and the Andes Mountains, forming the Peru-Chile trench. The southern Mountains, forming the Peru-Chile trench. The southern side is a divergent boundary with the Antarctic Plate.side is a divergent boundary with the Antarctic Plate.

• The western side is a divergent boundary with the Pacific The western side is a divergent boundary with the Pacific Plate, forming the East Pacific Rise. Plate, forming the East Pacific Rise.

• The northern side is a divergent boundary with the Cocos The northern side is a divergent boundary with the Cocos Plate, the Galapagos Rise. Plate, the Galapagos Rise.

• Responsible for causing volcanoes.Responsible for causing volcanoes.

Argentina’s Geographical Argentina’s Geographical FeaturesFeatures•Mountain RangesMountain Ranges

– Andes mountain range along the western borderAndes mountain range along the western border

• LakesLakes– Argentino and Viedma are in Santa CruzArgentino and Viedma are in Santa Cruz– Nahuel Huapi is in Río NegroNahuel Huapi is in Río Negro– Fagnano is in Tierra del FuegoFagnano is in Tierra del Fuego– Colhué Huapi and Musters are in ChubutColhué Huapi and Musters are in Chubut– Mar Chiquita, Córdoba, is the largest salt waterMar Chiquita, Córdoba, is the largest salt water

lake in the countrylake in the country

•RiversRivers– Pilcomayo, Paraguay, Bermejo, Colorado, Río Negro, Salado, Pilcomayo, Paraguay, Bermejo, Colorado, Río Negro, Salado,

Uruguay and the largest river, the ParanáUruguay and the largest river, the Paraná

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Argentina_topo_blank.jpg

Argentina’s Geographical Argentina’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.

•VolcanoesVolcanoes– Volcanoes of Argentina are Volcanoes of Argentina are

located in the Andes mountains located in the Andes mountains on the border with Chileon the border with Chile• Cerro Tuzgle Cerro Tuzgle

• AracarAracar

• Volcan Antofalla Volcan Antofalla

• Antofagasta de la Sierra Antofagasta de la Sierra

• Cerro El Condor Cerro El Condor

• Peinado Peinado

• RobledoRobledo

• SocompaSocompa

• Tipas Tipas

• Volcan Domuyo Volcan Domuyo

• Tromen Tromen

Glaciers The Perito Moreno Glacier

(50°29′S, 73°03′W) is a glacier located in the Los Glaciares National Park in the south west of Santa Cruz province, Argentina. It is one of the most important tourist attractions in the Argentine Patagonia.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Argentina-Perito_Moreno-Glacier.jpg

Argentina’s Geographical Argentina’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.

•EarthquakesEarthquakes– First First

documented documented earthquake earthquake occurred in occurred in 1692.1692.

– Since then over Since then over 60 earthquakes 60 earthquakes have occurred. have occurred.

Chile’s Geographical FeaturesChile’s Geographical Features

•Mountain RangesMountain Ranges– The Andes Mountains are located on the The Andes Mountains are located on the

eastern border.eastern border.

• LakesLakes– The altiplano lakes of the Valley of the Moon The altiplano lakes of the Valley of the Moon

are popular destinations.are popular destinations.– In Putre, also in the North, there is the In Putre, also in the North, there is the

Chungará Lake.Chungará Lake.

•RiversRivers– There are around 80 rivers in Chile.There are around 80 rivers in Chile.

• Major rivers are the Loa River (basin area of Major rivers are the Loa River (basin area of 33,570 km²) and the Baker River (26,726 km2)33,570 km²) and the Baker River (26,726 km2)

Chile’s Geographical Features Chile’s Geographical Features cont.cont.

• VolcanoesVolcanoes– The Parinacota and the Pomerape volcanoes are in northern Putre The Parinacota and the Pomerape volcanoes are in northern Putre

• GlaciersGlaciers– There are glaciers in the east and south east.There are glaciers in the east and south east.

• EarthquakesEarthquakes– Because of the Andes Mountains, Chile is home to some of the Because of the Andes Mountains, Chile is home to some of the

most powerful earthquakes in the worldmost powerful earthquakes in the world..

Peru’s Geographical Peru’s Geographical FeaturesFeatures•MountainMountain RangesRanges

– The Andes mountains run parallel The Andes mountains run parallel to the Pacific Ocean.to the Pacific Ocean.

• LakesLakes– Shares control of Lake Titicaca, Shares control of Lake Titicaca,

world's highest navigable lake, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia.with Bolivia.

•RiversRivers– Representing roughly 60% of Representing roughly 60% of

Peru's national territory, the Peru's national territory, the Amazon Basin includes the Amazon Basin includes the Amazon, Marañón, Huallaga and Amazon, Marañón, Huallaga and Ucayali Rivers.Ucayali Rivers.

Peru’s Geographical Peru’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.

•VolcanoesVolcanoes– This is a list of This is a list of

active and active and inactive inactive volcanoes in volcanoes in Peru.Peru.

NameName Elevation (meters and Elevation (meters and ft)ft)

Andahua Andahua ValleyValley

47134713 15,46215,462

Cerro Cerro AuquihuatoAuquihuato

49804980 16,33816,338

CoropunaCoropuna 63776377 20,92220,922

El MistiEl Misti 58225822 19,10119,101

HuaynaputinaHuaynaputina 48504850 15,91215,912

Nevado Nevado ChachaniChachani

60576057 19,87219,872

Nevados CasiriNevados Casiri 56505650 18,53718,537

Nevados FiruraNevados Firura 54985498 18,03818,038

Picchu-PicchuPicchu-Picchu 55645564 18,25518,255

QuimsachataQuimsachata 39233923 12,87112,871

SabancayaSabancaya 59675967 19,57719,577

Sara SaraSara Sara 55225522 18,11718,117

TicsaniTicsani 54085408 17,74317,743

TutupacaTutupaca 58155815 19,07819,078

UbinasUbinas 56725672 18,60918,609

YucamaneYucamane 55505550 18,20818,208

Peru’s Geographical Peru’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.•GlaciersGlaciers

– They are present near the Andes They are present near the Andes MountainsMountains

•EarthquakesEarthquakes– Earthquakes are common, and in the past Earthquakes are common, and in the past

years Peru has experienced some of the years Peru has experienced some of the world’s most devastating earthquakes.world’s most devastating earthquakes.

Uruguay’s Geographical Uruguay’s Geographical FeaturesFeatures

•Mountain RangesMountain Ranges– NoneNone

•LakesLakes– Lakes and lagoons are numerousLakes and lagoons are numerous

• Paso de los Toros has created a reservoir--the Embalse del Paso de los Toros has created a reservoir--the Embalse del Río Negro--that is the largest artificial lake in South America.Río Negro--that is the largest artificial lake in South America.

•RiversRivers– The longest and most important of the rivers draining The longest and most important of the rivers draining

westward is the Río Negro, which crosses the entire country westward is the Río Negro, which crosses the entire country from northeast to west before emptying into the Río Uruguayfrom northeast to west before emptying into the Río Uruguay

Uruguay’s Geographical Uruguay’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.

•VolcanoesVolcanoes– NoneNone

•GlaciersGlaciers– NoneNone

•EarthquakesEarthquakes– NoneNone

Paraguay’s Geographical Paraguay’s Geographical FeaturesFeatures•Mountain RangesMountain Ranges

– Major mountain is Cerro San Rafael, with an altitude of 850 Major mountain is Cerro San Rafael, with an altitude of 850 mm

•LakesLakes– Small, isolated peaks are numerous, and it is in the vicinity Small, isolated peaks are numerous, and it is in the vicinity

of Asuncion that the only lakes of any size are found.of Asuncion that the only lakes of any size are found.

•RiversRivers– The Río Paraguay has a total course of 2,600 kilometers, The Río Paraguay has a total course of 2,600 kilometers,

2,300 of which are navigable and 1,200.2,300 of which are navigable and 1,200.– About 4,700 kilometers long, the Río Paraná is the second About 4,700 kilometers long, the Río Paraná is the second

major river in the country.major river in the country.

Paraguay’s Geographical Paraguay’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.

•VolcanoesVolcanoes– NoneNone

•GlaciersGlaciers– NoneNone

•EarthquakesEarthquakes– RareRare

Bolivia’s Geographical Bolivia’s Geographical FeaturesFeatures•Mountain RangesMountain Ranges

– The Cordillera Occidental is a chain of dormant volcanoes and The Cordillera Occidental is a chain of dormant volcanoes and solfataras, volcanic vents emitting sulfurous gases. Bolivia's highest solfataras, volcanic vents emitting sulfurous gases. Bolivia's highest peak, the snowcapped Sajama (6,542 meters), is located here.peak, the snowcapped Sajama (6,542 meters), is located here.

•LakesLakes– The most prominent feature of the Altiplano is the large lake at its The most prominent feature of the Altiplano is the large lake at its

northern end, Lake Titicaca. At 3,810m above sea level, it is the northern end, Lake Titicaca. At 3,810m above sea level, it is the highest commercially navigable body of water in the world.highest commercially navigable body of water in the world.

•RiversRivers– Rivers, draining to the east, have cut long narrow valleys; these Rivers, draining to the east, have cut long narrow valleys; these

valleys and the basins between the ranges are favorable areas for valleys and the basins between the ranges are favorable areas for crops and settlement.crops and settlement.

Bolivia’s Geographical Bolivia’s Geographical Features cont.Features cont.•VolcanoesVolcanoes

– Near the Argentine border, the floor of the Altiplano Near the Argentine border, the floor of the Altiplano rises again, creating hills and volcanoes that span rises again, creating hills and volcanoes that span the gap between the eastern and western cordilleras the gap between the eastern and western cordilleras of the Andes.of the Andes.

•GlaciersGlaciers– Bolivia has a total glacier-covered area of more than Bolivia has a total glacier-covered area of more than

560 square kilometers560 square kilometers

•EarthquakesEarthquakes– Common because of proximity to Andes mountainsCommon because of proximity to Andes mountains

Argentina’s Atmospheric Argentina’s Atmospheric PressurePressure

•Highest PointHighest Point– High regions of Argentina surpass High regions of Argentina surpass

2,500 meters (8,200 ft.) above sea 2,500 meters (8,200 ft.) above sea level. The lack of oxygen and level. The lack of oxygen and atmospheric pressure may cause atmospheric pressure may cause headaches, nausea, shortness of headaches, nausea, shortness of breath, and physical weakness in breath, and physical weakness in some peoplesome people

•Lowest PointLowest Point– The lowest point is Laguna del Carbón The lowest point is Laguna del Carbón

in Santa Cruz, −105 meters (−344 ft) in Santa Cruz, −105 meters (−344 ft) below sea level.below sea level. This is also the lowest This is also the lowest point on the South American continentpoint on the South American continent

Chile’s Atmospheric Chile’s Atmospheric PressurePressure

•Highest PointHighest Point– Ojos del Salado in Andes of Ojos del Salado in Andes of

Atacama Region at 6,893 m Atacama Region at 6,893 m (22,615 ft) is the highest point.(22,615 ft) is the highest point.

•Lowest PointLowest Point– Pacific Ocean, 0 mPacific Ocean, 0 m

Peru’s Atmospheric PressurePeru’s Atmospheric Pressure

•Highest PointHighest Point– Nevado Huascaran Nevado Huascaran

(6,768 m.)(6,768 m.)

•Lowest PointLowest Point– -34 m (Bayovar -34 m (Bayovar

Depression)Depression)

Uruguay’s Atmospheric Uruguay’s Atmospheric PressurePressure

•Highest PointHighest Point– Cerro Catedral, 514 mCerro Catedral, 514 m

•Lowest PointLowest Point– Atlantic Ocean, 0 mAtlantic Ocean, 0 m

Paraguay’s Atmospheric Paraguay’s Atmospheric PressurePressure

•Highest PointHighest Point– Cerro San Rafael 850 mCerro San Rafael 850 m

•Lowest PointLowest Point– Junction of Rio Paraguay Junction of Rio Paraguay

and Rio Parana 46 mand Rio Parana 46 m

Bolivia’s Atmospheric Bolivia’s Atmospheric PressurePressure

•Highest PointHighest Point– Nevado Sajama Nevado Sajama

6,542 m6,542 m

•Lowest PointLowest Point– Rio Paraguay 90 Rio Paraguay 90

mm

Carbon Dioxide LevelsCarbon Dioxide Levels•ArgentinaArgentina

– 141.7 metric tons of CO2 were emitted in 2004, which 141.7 metric tons of CO2 were emitted in 2004, which is relatively low compared to other industrialized is relatively low compared to other industrialized countriescountries

•ChileChile– In 2001, 54 metric tons of CO2 were emittedIn 2001, 54 metric tons of CO2 were emitted

•PeruPeru– In 2004, 31.5 metric tons of CO2 were emittedIn 2004, 31.5 metric tons of CO2 were emitted

•UruguayUruguay– In 2004, 5.5 metric tons of CO2 were emittedIn 2004, 5.5 metric tons of CO2 were emitted

Carbon Dioxide Levels Carbon Dioxide Levels continuedcontinued

•ParaguayParaguay– In 2004, 4.2 metric tons ofIn 2004, 4.2 metric tons of

CO2 were emittedCO2 were emitted

•BoliviaBolivia– In 2004, 7.0 metric tons of CO2 In 2004, 7.0 metric tons of CO2

were emittedwere emitted

Wind PatternsWind Patterns•ArgentinaArgentina

– Major Major windswinds in Argentina include the cool Pampero blowing on the flat in Argentina include the cool Pampero blowing on the flat plains of Patagonia and the Pampas after a cold front; the Viento plains of Patagonia and the Pampas after a cold front; the Viento Norte, a warm wind that can blow from the north in mid and late Norte, a warm wind that can blow from the north in mid and late winter creating mild conditions; and the Zonda, a hot and dry winter creating mild conditions; and the Zonda, a hot and dry windwind, , affecting west-central Argentinaaffecting west-central Argentina

•ChileChile– The virtually constant The virtually constant windwind from the South Pacific Ocean makes the air from the South Pacific Ocean makes the air

feel much colder.feel much colder.

•PeruPeru– Occasionally thunderstorms can be accompanied by frequent cloud to Occasionally thunderstorms can be accompanied by frequent cloud to

ground lightning, strong ground lightning, strong windswinds and damaging hail, especially during and damaging hail, especially during the onset of the rainy season and over higher elevations.the onset of the rainy season and over higher elevations.

Wind Patterns continuedWind Patterns continued•UruguayUruguay

– High High windswinds are a disagreeable characteristic of the weather, are a disagreeable characteristic of the weather, particularly during the winter and spring, and wind shifts are sudden particularly during the winter and spring, and wind shifts are sudden and pronounced. A winter warm spell can be abruptly broken by a and pronounced. A winter warm spell can be abruptly broken by a strong pampero, a chilly and occasionally violent strong pampero, a chilly and occasionally violent windwind blowing north blowing north from the Argentine pampas.from the Argentine pampas.

•ParaguayParaguay– Winds are generally brisk. Velocities of 160 kilometers per hour have Winds are generally brisk. Velocities of 160 kilometers per hour have

been reported in southern locationsbeen reported in southern locations

•BoliviaBolivia– The rain-bearing northeast trade winds, blowing across the Amazon The rain-bearing northeast trade winds, blowing across the Amazon

Basin, bring significant rainfall amounts. Rain often falls in brief Basin, bring significant rainfall amounts. Rain often falls in brief thunderstorms, sometimes accompanied by strong winds and hail.thunderstorms, sometimes accompanied by strong winds and hail.

Levels of HumidityLevels of Humidity•ArgentinaArgentina

– The north of the country is characterized by very hot, The north of the country is characterized by very hot, humid summershumid summers

•ChileChile– The climate in Easter Island is humid subtropicalThe climate in Easter Island is humid subtropical– The northward-flowing oceanic Humboldt Current The northward-flowing oceanic Humboldt Current

creates humid and foggy conditions near the coastcreates humid and foggy conditions near the coast

•PeruPeru– The coast has moderate temperatures, low The coast has moderate temperatures, low

precipitations, and high humidity.precipitations, and high humidity.– Foggy and sunny days intermingle around the humid Foggy and sunny days intermingle around the humid

sand dunes most of the year.sand dunes most of the year.

Levels of Humidity Levels of Humidity continuedcontinued•UruguayUruguay

– High humidity and fog are common, especially around High humidity and fog are common, especially around MontevideoMontevideo

•ParaguayParaguay– The Paraneña region is humid, with abundant precipitation The Paraneña region is humid, with abundant precipitation

throughout the year throughout the year – Frequent waves of cool air from the south, however, cause Frequent waves of cool air from the south, however, cause

weather that alternates between clear, humid conditions weather that alternates between clear, humid conditions and stormsand storms

•BoliviaBolivia– Northern lowland areas have a tropical wet climate with Northern lowland areas have a tropical wet climate with

year-round high temperatures, high humidity, and heavy year-round high temperatures, high humidity, and heavy rainfall.rainfall.

Climate ZonesClimate Zones

• Argentina: mostly temperate; arid in Argentina: mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwestsoutheast; subantarctic in southwest

• Chile: temperate; desert in north; Chile: temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south and damp in south

• Peru: varies from tropical in east to Peru: varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes frigid in Andes

Climate ZonesClimate Zones

• Uruguay: warm temperate; freezing Uruguay: warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown temperatures almost unknown

• Paraguay: subtropical to temperate; Paraguay: subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the portions, becoming semiarid in the far west far west

• Bolivia: varies with altitude; humid Bolivia: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid and tropical to cold and semiarid

Effects of MountainsEffects of Mountains

• The Andes Mountains running along the The Andes Mountains running along the western Coast influence the drier regions western Coast influence the drier regions on Chile and southern Peru.on Chile and southern Peru.

• Chile has a mountain climate, with snow Chile has a mountain climate, with snow and glaciers. The northern part of Chile is and glaciers. The northern part of Chile is one of the driest regions in the world. one of the driest regions in the world.

• Winds coming from the pacific cross Winds coming from the pacific cross through the Andes and cause dry weather through the Andes and cause dry weather conditions along the west coast. conditions along the west coast.

Effects of Altitude Effects of Altitude

• The higher altitude areas have lower The higher altitude areas have lower temperatures.temperatures.

• The Highest altitude can be found in The Highest altitude can be found in Aconcagua, Argentina. 22,841 ft Aconcagua, Argentina. 22,841 ft above sea level. above sea level.

• Low altitude areas around coastlands Low altitude areas around coastlands have temperate climate. have temperate climate.

Effects of OceansEffects of Oceans

• Oceans store a large amount of heat, so Oceans store a large amount of heat, so that small changes in ocean currents can that small changes in ocean currents can have a large effect on coastal and global have a large effect on coastal and global climate climate

• Areas near the Pacific and Atlantic oceans Areas near the Pacific and Atlantic oceans will tend to be cooler.will tend to be cooler.

• On the west coast of South America, the On the west coast of South America, the Humboldt current normally brings cold Humboldt current normally brings cold water to the surface. water to the surface.

Marine or ContinentalMarine or Continental

• Argentina: mostly Marine, some Argentina: mostly Marine, some continental in central areascontinental in central areas

• Chile: Mostly Marine, some continentalChile: Mostly Marine, some continental

• Peru: ContinentalPeru: Continental

• Uruguay: MarineUruguay: Marine

• Paraguay: MarineParaguay: Marine

• Bolivia: MarineBolivia: Marine

Arid or Humid PatternsArid or Humid Patterns

• Argentina: arid in southeast , higher Argentina: arid in southeast , higher precipitation in Northprecipitation in North

• Chile: Very Arid in North, Humid in central;Chile: Very Arid in North, Humid in central;• Peru: West is Arid, East is humid; Peru: West is Arid, East is humid; • Uruguay: Mostly humid, rain equally distributed Uruguay: Mostly humid, rain equally distributed

through the year. Avg-36 inches of rain. through the year. Avg-36 inches of rain. • Paraguay: Humid, especially in summerParaguay: Humid, especially in summer• Bolivia: Humid from Nov-Mar, Cold and dry Bolivia: Humid from Nov-Mar, Cold and dry

from Apr-Oct. High rainfall during summer from Apr-Oct. High rainfall during summer monthsmonths

MicroclimatesMicroclimates

• Major cities like Buenos Aires, Major cities like Buenos Aires, Argentina can be characterized as a Argentina can be characterized as a microclimate due to the high microclimate due to the high amounts of pollution, and buildings amounts of pollution, and buildings that contribute to a change in local that contribute to a change in local climate.climate.

OceansOceans

• West coast: Pacific West coast: Pacific OceanOcean

• East Coast: Atlantic East Coast: Atlantic OceanOcean

• The water closer to the The water closer to the equator is less salty equator is less salty because of the because of the abundant precipitation.abundant precipitation.

• The salinity would be The salinity would be greater around the tip greater around the tip of Argentina and less of Argentina and less going up the east and going up the east and west coasts.west coasts.

Severe Weather Severe Weather DisturbancesDisturbances

ArgentinaArgentina• Earthquakes Earthquakes

near the Andesnear the Andes

• Violent Violent windstorms windstorms

• Heavy FloodingHeavy Flooding

Volcanic Eruption In ChileVolcanic Eruption In Chile

• http://youtube.com/watch?http://youtube.com/watch?v=m9DrNyBUup0v=m9DrNyBUup0


ChileChile• Severe EarthquakesSevere Earthquakes• Active VolcanismActive Volcanism• Tsunamis Tsunamis


PeruPeru• EarthquakesEarthquakes

• Tsunamis Tsunamis

• Flooding Flooding

• Landslides Landslides

• Mild volcanic Mild volcanic activity activity

Severe Weather Severe Weather DisturbancesDisturbances• Paraguay: local flooding in southeast (early Paraguay: local flooding in southeast (early

September to June); poorly drained plains may September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June) become boggy (early October to June)

• Uruguay: seasonally high winds (the pampero Uruguay: seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts changes from weather fronts

• Bolivia: flooding in the northeast (March-April) Bolivia: flooding in the northeast (March-April)

Biomes in the areaBiomes in the area

• Argentina: Grassland, Argentina: Grassland, Dessert, MountainDessert, Mountain

• Chile: Deciduous ForestChile: Deciduous Forest• Peru: Rainforest, Peru: Rainforest,

Mountain, Deciduous Mountain, Deciduous Forest. Forest.

• Uruguay: GrasslandUruguay: Grassland• Paraguay: Grassland, Paraguay: Grassland,

SavannaSavanna• Bolivia: Rainforest, Bolivia: Rainforest,

MountainMountain

PopulationPopulation

Argentina: Argentina:

0-14 years:0-14 years: 24.9% 24.9%

15-64 years:15-64 years: 64.4% 64.4% ReproductiveReproductive

65 years and over:65 years and over: 10.7%10.7%

-Will continue to -Will continue to grow then stabilizegrow then stabilize


Chile:Chile:

• 0-14 years:0-14 years: 24.1% 24.1% 15-64 years:15-64 years: 67.4% 67.4% ReproductiveReproductive65 years and over:65 years and over: 8.5%8.5%

- Will continue to - Will continue to grow then stabilizegrow then stabilize

Population Population

Peru:Peru:

• 0-14 years:0-14 years: 30.3% 30.3% 15-64 years:15-64 years: 64.2%64.2%Reproductive Reproductive 65 years and over:65 years and over: 5.4%5.4%



Uruguay:Uruguay:

• 0-14 years:0-14 years: 23% 23%


65 years and over: 65 years and over: 13.2%13.2%



Paraguay:Paraguay:• 0-14 years:0-14 years: 37.2% 37.2%


• 65 years and over:65 years and over: 5.1% 5.1%• -Will continue to grow then -Will continue to grow then

stabilizestabilize


Bolivia:Bolivia:

• 0-14 years:0-14 years: 34.3% 34.3% 15-64 years:15-64 years: 61.1% 61.1% ReproductiveReproductive

65 years and over:65 years and over: 4.6% 4.6%


ResourcesResources

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean for info on salinity of oceansfor info on salinity of oceans

• http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/AR-chttp://www.spainexchange.com/guide/AR-climate.htmlimate.htm

• http://www.bartleby.com/http://www.bartleby.com/• http://itotd.com/articles/223/http://itotd.com/articles/223/

microclimates/microclimates/• http://www.argentina.org.au/climate.htmhttp://www.argentina.org.au/climate.htm• http://www.letus.northwestern.edu/http://www.letus.northwestern.edu/

projects/esp/top10/andespage/andes.htmlprojects/esp/top10/andespage/andes.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean

http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/AR-climate.htm

http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/AR-climate.htm

Regions Of the World Alexandra Sampedro Christian Moreno Julius Lostal PSC1515 Honors.

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