Regionala utvecklingsstrategier Teorier, framgångsfaktorer och konkreta exempel 18-19 juni i...
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Transcript of Regionala utvecklingsstrategier Teorier, framgångsfaktorer och konkreta exempel 18-19 juni i...
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Regionala utvecklingsstrategierTeorier, framgångsfaktorer och konkreta
exempel
18-19 juni i Kramfors
Alexandre Dubois
Senior Research Fellow
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Established in 1997 by the Nordic Council of Ministers
Providing knowledge that enhances Nordic cooperation and strengthens the Nordic countries
while acting in a global context
Development of policy-relevant and evidence-based knowledge concerning territorial
development
Photos: Karin Beate Nøsterud/norden.org, VisitDenmark, Nicolai Perjesi
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Nordiska Ministerrådet
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Structure of the presentation
The GEOSPECS project in context: Cohesion Policy
Key Territorial Dynamics in the SPA
Nexus model: new approach to challenges and opportunities
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EU Cohesion Policy: a fast-changing context for regional policy
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Why is sparsity a challenge for regional policy? A clear objective: Territorial Cohesion
people should be able to live wherever they want
“securing better living conditions and quality of life with equal opportunities irrespective of where people live”
A new motto: Territorial Diversity
“competitiveness and prosperity depend on the capacity of the people and businesses located there to make the best use of all of territorial assets.”
Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion (2008)
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Development opportunities and challenges in specific types of territories:
Mountain areas, Islands, Sparsely populated areas, Outermost regions, Border regions, Coastal areas, Inner peripheries.
GEOSPECS categories
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EU policy debate on SPA
Mention of GEOSPECS areas in EU Treaty (Article 174)
“particular attention shall be paid to […] regions which suffer from severe and permanent natural or demographic handicaps”
EU-Parliament Intergroup
Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion
DG REGIO Working paper on areas with geographic specificities (Philippe Monfort, 2009)
Regional policy focusing on growth and sustainable development rather than on compensation for handicaps
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A bit of EU history
Mid 90s
EU-nations negotiations
Mid 2000s:
Turn towards a growth-oriented rather redistributive regional policy instruments
Mid 2010s?
Back to nation-region dialogue…and even between region and localities
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A spatial and demographic phenomenon
Relates to the perception of relative isolation of individual communities
Scarced and thinly distribution of the population over space
Expected to have negative economic externalities
Dynamic concept: population distribution changes over time
Becomes an issue for regional policy when widespread
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Sparsely Populated Areas in Europe
Local population potential: population reachable within 45-minutes
Sparsely populated areas = low population potential
Sparsely populated areas cover 17.2% of the land area in ESPON space, but only about 1-2% of the ESPON population lives there
Most significant overlaps with mountain and border specificities
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What about the NSPA?!?
Sheer size in terms of land coverage
VERY low population potential
LONG distance to metropolitan areas
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More than a specific geographic contextPolicy context
Traditional focus of national Regional Policies in the Nordic countries
Territorial dimension for Nordic policy cooperation and coordination: innovation, growth, Nordic Welfare Model, Northern Dimension
Socio-economic context
Cradle for Industrialization and Modernization of Nordic States → lead to urbanization process
Access to underground resources feeding industrial production chainRenewable energy potential
Cultural context
The term ‘sparsity’ anchored in Nordic languages
Shared Nordic identity → trapped between modern image and traditional identity
Protection of Sami lifestyles
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Key Territorial Dynamics
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Demographic change = policy shift ?
Growing regional centres on the coast
+
Declining settlements in the hinterland
=
NSPA are becoming simultaneously more urbanized and more sparse
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A new exodus?
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Mobility flow imbalances
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Negative net migration in NSPAis the result of relatively small imbalances in considerably larger in and out flows.
Political action focusing on these flows may lead to a positive net migration.
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Transitional Labour Market
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Spatial shift of industrial activities
SMEs in the inland are still competitive
Centre of gravity of the production from manufacturing SMEs shifting from hinterland to coastal areas
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Is sparsity the future of Europe?
What can the EU land other member states learn from the Nordic experience?
SPA are likely to be more numerous and widespread in the future In Europe, shrinking regions or localities are not the exception, but
the norm: concentration of population benefits few large metropolises
Sparsely populated areas are gaining ground
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Stakeholder Consultation, Fall 2011
Three main challenges identified by stakeholders for all areas with geographic specificity Remoteness from / difficulty to access larger agglomerations Small-size of the local and regional economies and labour-
markets; lack of diversification. Unfavorable demographic patterns
Basis for future development opportunities High social capital Abundant natural and energetic resources Tourism potential
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Nexus Model
What strategies for the future
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Local implications of the demographic thinning-out
Already small LM are getting smaller
-> reduced critical mass inducing a diversified labour-market (falling back on a mono-dimensional LM)
-> reduced critical mass for providing essential services to population and businesses (becomes more costly per head)
Smart shrinking:
“smaller than before but more entrepreneurial and dynamic” (Nuur and Laestadius, 2010, p302).
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Promoting ICT investments
Local society has no GPS-coordinates but an IP-address(Hending, Gränsbrytning, 2012)
Ovecome the disadvantage of their position in terms of knowledge formation
Fits well with the traditional openness of Swedish Economy → reach out to distant business partners
Also promote greater organizational capacity in the region
Role of Structural Funds in the past: investments in line with national ICT strategiesSweden: ”Broadband for the far north” (Objective 1 2000-06)93% of regional population
have access to broadband
Future investments need to adapt to technological progress and evolutions
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Supporting small firm networks
Closely-knit local communities, high social capital, but lack of organizational capacities in remote places
Directly related to SME Competitiveness: fostering regional collaboration, innovative behaviour and international trade
Overcome the lack of critical mass and thus the absence of agglomeration economies; In small national economies (like Norden’s): internationalization
Beyond cluster-like networking policy initiatives: temporary, open groupings of small firms seeking mutual benefits
→ creating meeting places for entrepreneurs→ key role of semi-public intermediaries in facilitating the process→ remote firms are keenest in participating in such brokered networks→ but distance makes it time and resource consuming
Examples: Nordic Business Link, Kvarken Global Business, Design Västerbotten, GLOBAC...
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Territorial Cooperation
Both among and within sparsely populated areas
Higher leverage effect for local developemnt strategies
Based on functional territories: better synergy effects between regional and local development strategies across different regions
Take advantage of the long-standing cross-border cooperation Finland-Norway-Sweden
Better able to handle new Cohesion Policy tools such as Community-Led Local Development initiatives
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Create more attractive local living environments Improving the access to private and public services,
Focusing on the social qualities of local communities,
Developing some key functions that may strengthen the ties to the local environment,
Internal and external branding of the environmental qualities of these areas.
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Sparsity: an issue of territorial governance Overcome the institutional fragmentation of SPA
Dual regional development strategies need to better integrate the urban and sparsely populated components
Mainstream inter-municipal initiatives beyond regional and national administrative borders
-> regional enlargement from the inside-out, not from the outside-in
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Thank [email protected]