Regional Seminar on Tackling Main Causes of Road Traffic … of... · 2019. 12. 23. · 2009- 13...
Transcript of Regional Seminar on Tackling Main Causes of Road Traffic … of... · 2019. 12. 23. · 2009- 13...
Marcin FliegerRoad Policing Capacity Building - ManagerGlobal Road Safety Partnership
The role of
enforcement in
speed
management
Regional Seminar on Tackling Main Causes of Road Traffic Crashes, Fatalities and Injuries in Asia-Pacific Countries to Achieve Road Safety Targets of the
Sustainable Development GoalsNew Delhi, 24-25 April 2019
The problem of speeding
• Speeding is a major problem for road safety because it contributes to both:
- the incidence of crashes- the severity of crashes
A range of driving functions are adversely influenced by increasing speed, including:
- Braking distance
- Probability of exceeding the critical speed of a curve
- Loss of friction between tyres and the road
- Loss of stability when cornering and braking
- Less time to notice and react to potential hazards
- Other road users may misjudge your speed
________________________________________________
Sources: Queensland Transport, 1993; Kloeden et al, 1997
The problem of speeding
Increased Speed = Stopping Distance
The problem of speeding
Speed Management - A Major Focus
Countermeasures to Speeding
- Setting appropriate and effective speed limits
- Information about the speed limit (signage)
- Road engineering measures
- Police enforcement to control the speeder
Why is enforcement used in road safety?
• Limited public understanding of the link between their behaviours and their
– risk of being in a crash
– severity of outcome if involved in a crash
• People are not good at assessing risk
– Illusion of control (I’m a good driver, I can control vehicle)
– Familiarity with local roads (I am only going a short distance)
• Experience shows us that enforcement can change behaviour which can then change attitudes and levels of moral acceptance
• Strong track record of changing behaviour and attitudes using enforcement + education when they are used together
Key factors:
- should be one element of an integrated speed management strategy
- aims to deter speeding and apprehend people who speed
- gains in effectiveness if targeted towards prioritised roads, situations and times
Speed enforcement
Key elements of speed enforcement
Strategy
Tactic
Legislation
Data – led/analysis
Equipment/technology
Speed enforcement
The most important requirement for speed enforcement is that it deters drivers from
speeding
Strategy
This subjective risk of apprehension can be increased by:
- Stepping up the intensity of actual speed enforcement
- Ensure speed enforcement is unpredictable & unavoidable (legislation)
- and sustained over a longer period of time
Priority of speed enforcement activities
Speed enforcement
Road safety – speed related crashesStrategy
13099 12831
1179111344
10205
92199619 9550
8249
9222 91798550 8276
74896807
71956837
6256
1117 12321059 966 855 743 846 786 778
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Casualties Crashes FatalitiesFoundation of Automated Traffic Enforcement Centre
Speed enforcement
Tactics
1. Physical Policing
2. Automated Enforcement
Speed enforcement
Police check motorists at the
roadside (check points) or via
road patrols
Hand held devices – laser & radar
Police vehicles equipped with video camera
1. Physical Policing
Police motorbike with speed camera
Speed enforcement
Tactics
Tactics
• Driver/rider stopped by police officer & infringement issued = immediate feedback
• Other offences can be detected - e.g. checks for breath test, driver licence, vehicle safety, safety belt, correctly warn helmet, other non-traffic crimes
• Thorough driver identification - e.g. disqualified and wanted persons can be identified
• Opportunity to improve public perceptions of Police and improve compliance
• Police can explain risk to driver and explain legislative requirements –e.g. all passengers must wear correct restraint
• Clearly visible enforcement can increase others’ perceptions of being detected (increasing general deterrence)
Physical Policing
Speed enforcement
Detect offenders with speed
detection equipment and
send fine or notification by
Tactics
Fixed speed camera
Mobile speed camera
Section (average speed)
control
2. Automated Enforcement
Tactics Automated Enforcement
• Effective crash blackspot treatment
• Effective where permanent enforcement is needed (e.g. town entrance)
• Useful where unsafe for a Police Officer to stop vehicles (e.g. motorways)
• Capable of checking large volumes of traffic and issuing large numbers of infringements
• Highly efficient but can only detect a single offence
• Can reduce opportunity for corruption at the roadside
Effectiveness
• Combination of Physical Policing and Automated Enforcement recommended
• Must be supported by extensive, sustained public advertising to increase perception that widespread enforcement is occurring
• Speed enforcement is most effective when it is unpredictable and difficult to avoid
• Consider mixed use of overt and covert (hidden) enforcement to promote deterrence message…
Anywhere, any time
Research* has found significant effects of speed enforcement on
reducing speeding, speed-related crashes, and fatalities & injuries
*Cochrane speed camera review, GRSP WHO Speed manual, WHO SaveLIVES package
Speed enforcement
Intelligence-led policing
• Focus of speed enforcement operations
o which roads, situation, times, day…
o operations based on crash analysis
o do not deploy only where easy to detect speeding drivers
Data-led Speed enforcement gains in effectiveness if it is
targeted towards prioritised roads, situations and times
Speed enforcement
Speed enforcement interventions must be planned with the requisite attention to detail i.e.
crash incidence and level of offences. Identifying the sites and planning the specificenforcement activities must be based on the following:
• A thorough analysis of crash data to determine sites that have the highest risks;• An analysis of crashes where speed has been identified as a major contributing factor in
crash causation.• Information about sites where inordinate high speeds are recorded;
Selection of sites for speed enforcement
Speed enforcement
Data-led
• The identification of sites where speed enforcement will have the greatest possibleimpact to minimise crash risks.
• Avoiding the selection of sites where speed enforcement will merely alienate roadusers due to perception that the enforcement is directed at income generationrather than road safety.
It is therefore important that the selection of sites is done with due consideration to data, local conditions and with the cooperation of law enforcement personnel who
work in the particular area.
Speed enforcement
Selection of sites for speed enforcementData-led
Identifying High Risk locations
High Speed Hours –Time and Days of the week when speed related crashes peak
Table 2 - Speed related fatal/injury crashes
by hour band (New Zealand Crash Data) n Greater than average (91)
2009-13 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total
00:00-01:59 56 38 58 86 97 216 175 726
02:00-03:59 24 29 46 44 63 116 137 459
04:00-05:59 26 20 26 40 41 91 91 335
06:00-07:59 51 54 55 70 83 77 55 445
08:00-09:59 72 88 90 73 71 84 71 549
10:00-11:59 85 82 61 71 63 98 97 557
12:00-13:59 75 76 75 98 77 138 123 662
14:00-15:59 95 80 101 107 134 148 137 802
16:00-17:59 116 137 134 129 136 136 149 937
18:00-19:59 72 96 100 102 135 136 107 748
20:00-21:59 69 79 108 112 172 174 80 794
22:00-23:59 56 66 86 99 152 167 65 691
Total 797 845 940 1031 1224 1581 1287 7705
Poland - change of law from 18th May 2015
Withdrawal of driver licence for 3 month for speeding over than
50 kph in urban area
LegislationLegal framework supports speed enforcement
Comprehensive legislation should support speed enforcement - give appropriate “tools” for effective road policing
-20.0%
-30.2%
-20.7%
-11.9%
-35.0%
-30.0%
-25.0%
-20.0%
-15.0%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
wypadki zabici ranniujawnione
wykroczenia
Crashes caused by speeding – reduction 18.05 - 31.07. 2014/2015
Crashes Fatalities Injured No. offences
Global Road Safety Partnership
c/o International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
P. O. Box 372
17, chemin des Crêts
CH-1211 Geneva 19
Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0) 22 730 42 49
Fax: +41 (0) 22 733 03 95
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.grsproadsafety.org
Thank you.