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![Page 1: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge
Society in the Arab World
Dr. Nibal IdlebiChief of the ICT Applications Section
UN-ESCWA
![Page 2: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cyber Legislation in the Arab Region
• Cyber legislation is essential for the development of a modern information society.
• Active efforts are required for the establishment of the enabling environment needed for the effective and ethical use of cyberspace.
• Regional integration is important for improving the electronic transaction between the different countries in the region.
• Example: European Union and the Asia Pacific region.
![Page 3: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cyber Legislation in the ESCWA region
• All countries acknowledge the need of Cyber Laws for promoting the Information Society
• Most countries lack a full and homogenous package of cyber law
• There are different gaps in the field of cyber legislation in the Arab region
• Weakness of regional initiatives
• The initiatives launched by the Arab Minister of Justice are not sufficient
![Page 4: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ESCWA Objective
• To Improve the status of cyber legislation in the ESCWA and Arab region
• Foster regional integration in this field.
![Page 5: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ESCWA Activities in Cyber Legislation• Study on “Models for Cyber Legislation in ESCWA
Member Countries” (2007)
• Template for cyber legislation development (2008)
• Case Studies: comparing the national legislation system to the template of the cyber legislation (2008)
• Workshop on cyber legislation and its implementation (end 2008)
• Special folder on “Review of ICT for Development” on Cyber Legislation (2009)
• Launching the project on “Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation” (2009)
![Page 6: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Main Topics of Cyber Legislation
• Electronic Com. & Telecom. Laws
• E-Transactions:
– E-Records, E-Signature, E-proof etc.
• E-Commerce:
– E-payment, E-Contracts, Consumer Protection e.g.
• Intellectual Property Rights:
– Copyright, computer programs, patents relating to software, data bases and data, domain names, etc..
![Page 7: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Main Topics of Cyber Legislation
• Data Protection and Privacy
• Cyber Crime:
– Internet crimes,
– Computer crimes
• Censorship and Freedom of Expression in Cyberspace.
![Page 8: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The study titled “Models for Cyber Legislation in ESCWA Member Countries”
• Reviews the status of cyberspace legislation in the ESCWA region
• Compares the region’s status to the status of other regions and other developed countries in the world
• Proposes set of recommendations for the development of cyberspace legislation.
• European Commission Directives were important references for the preparation of this study
![Page 9: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Template for Cyber Legislation Development
• It presents for each Cyber Law (6 areas):
– Definition
– Typical articles and sub-articles that should be covered each area
– Links to related articles in famous regional and international conventions
• The template was applied to evaluate the status of two ESCWA member countries (Bahrain, Syria)
• This template is a tool to evaluate the status of CL in a specific country
![Page 10: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cyber legislation in the ESCWA region (1)
• E-Transaction and e-commerce are more advanced in the region than other areas (UAE, Bahrain, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, Sudan, and Morocco)
• There are drafts for cyber laws in many countries, but these laws have not been enacted (Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Yemen, Algeria)
• All countries have slow procedures for enacting cyber law. This is due to the involvement of various ministries in such procedures (Ministries of ICT, Economy, Justice, Interior)
![Page 11: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cyber legislation in the ESCWA region (2)
• Only few countries have laws related to Cyber Crime (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Tunisia, Sudan), and some others are preparing Cyber Crime Law (Jordan, Syria, Egypt, Algeria)
• Some countries revised the existing law to include topics related to IPR in cyber space (Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco)
• The protection of personal data (only Morocco, Dubai), privacy and consumer protection (only Tunisia and Lebanon) are still at still lacking in the region.
![Page 12: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cyber legislation in the ESCWA region (3)
• Various topics have not been tackled yet in the Arab region:
– Rights to access information and Freedom of expression
– IPR on issues related to Internet and publishing on Internet as well as data base processing
– Consumer protection in e-contracting
![Page 13: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation
in the Arab World
• A project proposal was prepared and sent to the Development Account at UN in 2008
• Reviewing the proposal according to the DA remarks
• DA adopted the project in mid 2009 and accepted its funding.
• The duration of the project is two years and a half.
![Page 14: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation in the Arab World
• Development of Directives and Models for assisting member countries in the:– Development of complete package of cyber laws– Promotion of the regional harmonization of Cyber Laws
• Contributing to capacity building in the field of cyber legislation development
• Assisting member countries in the deployment and the customization of ESCWA directives at national level.
![Page 15: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation in the Arab World
• Promoting the use of ICT applications in government sector and in economic and social activities
• Enhancing regional and cross-border business and trade
• Bridging the gaps in legal and regulatory framework among Arab countries and between Arab countries and developed countries.
![Page 16: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Project Activities (1)
• Reports on the status of the cyber laws in 18 Arab countries (done)
• Framework and guidelines for the harmonization of cyber legislation in the Arab region (in preparation)
• Regional directives promoting the harmonization of cyber legislations in the Arab World (just started)
• Expert Group Meeting for discussing the regional directives
![Page 17: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Coherent & Complete package
• Based on the international experience mainly the European Commission Directives, a set of directives :
Comprise text model of cyber laws that may easily be implemented at the national level;
Cover a variety of 6 areas
Include a set of coherent definitions of all legal terms used in the set of directives
Include a detailed introductory statement of the fundamental purposes and guiding principles
Regional directives for the regional harmonization of cyber legislations
![Page 18: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Project Activities (2)
• Organizing two regional training workshops on the use of regional directives. Target groups: ICT decision makers, lawyers and judges
• Five advisory services to member countries for the application of ESCWA regional directives at national level.
![Page 19: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Project Activities (3)
• Establishment of Virtual Network of experts and organizations for the Promotion of Cyber Legislation development in the Arab World
• Seminar on Legal and Regulatory Requirements for a Sustainable Knowledge Society
![Page 20: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Participants in the project implementation
Steering Committee
ESCWA team
Experts in Cyber Legislation from the Arab Region
Various governmental and non-governmental
institutions involved in the Dev of Cyber Legislation
![Page 21: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Project’s Beneficiaries
• Decision makers involved in the development of cyber laws
• Ministries concerned by Cyber Laws
– Ministries of ICT, Justice, Interior and Commerce
• Professional association, NGO interested in Information Society development
• Legislators, Judges and Lawyers
• Users of the ICT and users of ICT applications
![Page 22: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Provide the basis for the harmonization of the legal and regulatory frameworks of cyber space in the ESCWA region
• Raise the awareness of policy and decision makers on cyber legislations and the essential role they play in building the Information Society
• Building the capacity of ESCWA member countries to draft, enact and implement said legislations
• Build synergy between various regional and national stakeholders interested in CL development.
Expected Accomplishments
![Page 23: Regional Harmonization of Cyber Legislation to Promote the Knowledge Society in the Arab World Dr. Nibal Idlebi Chief of the ICT Applications Section UN-ESCWA.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649cf85503460f949c8c2b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Partners in the Steering Committee
• International Organization with focus on the Arab region• International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• ECA-NA (CEA)
League of Arab States (LAS) Department of ICT, Department of Justice
• Organizations related to LAS• Arab Administrative Development Organization (ARADO)
• Arab ICT Organization (AICTO)
• Regional Experts