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Transcript of Regional Globalism
Author:Johannes Dreer; Dipl. Volkswirt
Co-author:Johannes Schindler; M.A. PolitikwissenschaftRebecca Gebler; B.A. in communication and social science
Translation by: Tobias Blanck
Kirchdorf, June 2012
Regional globalismA system for responsible action
First basic idea
Summary
Sustainability has existed for decades as a noble concept and an ideal. Decent conditions for every single one in the world can only be achieved and secured by means of concrete, persistent, and responsible behavior.
Responsible behavior is more likely in places where proximity, involvement, and concern of the actors, is present. It is also necessary that existential risks and yields unpegged from the real economy are excluded.
Responsible behavior is taking place in the region. It is in the here and now.
In this paper, the perception of the whole is given. As a result, approaches emerge for further development of the concept of sustainability to the point of pragmatically implemented responsibility in human behavior.
Index
Summary 2
1. Introduction 4
2. Structure of the paper 4
3. Present situation 5
3.1 Economic crises and the management thereof 7
3.2 Limits to growth 7
3.3 The concept of sustainability in vogue 8
4. Starting points of a new theory 10
4.1 Systems and human behavior 10
4.2 Open wounds of our system 12
5. Theory of regional globalism 13
5.1 Cosmopolitanism and the single currency 13
5.2 Regional limits of economic action 14
5.3Taxation,basicincomeandfinancialequalizationofregions 14
6.Consequenceofimplementingregionalglobalism 15
6.1 Short-term trends caused by the system 16
6.2 Long-term trends caused by the system 17
7. Further challenges and outlook 19
Acknowledgments 20
Copyright 20
References 21
Regional globalism | 3
1. Introduction
Our social systems and economic systems collapse and renew themselves without changing fundamen-
tally.Unevenpowerrelations,unequaldistributionofincomeandassets,andunequalaccesstoeducation
persist and even intensify. Twenty years after the Climate Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, it is more
important than ever to preserve decent living conditions on earth. However, it seems that mankind is not
willing or able to change this situation.
The serious problems are closely linked to present structures. To solve these problems, it is necessary to
create new structures to replace those which caused the problems.
The aim of this paper is to describe approaches for a simple system which leads to a stable long-term win-
winsituationforallthoseconcerned.Thissystemisbasedonequalrightsandopportunitiesforthefuture.
The key to this system is a mechanism which makes people take responsibility for their direct environment
– and in turn the entire world – like managed by an invisible hand.
The term regional globalism as described in this paper ought to be applied to the system whose basic fea-
tures are described below as well as to the human behavior in this system. The term represents responsible
behavioronalocallevelwhichwillbenefitthewholeworld.
2. Structure of the paper
Thispaperisdividedintothreeparts:describingthecurrentsituation,characterizingthebasicapproaches
of regional globalism, and the overall impact of a possible implementation thereof.
Section three describes current developments in the world. Section four presents the starting points of a
newsystem.Sectionfivedescribesthissystem.Sectionsixdealswithpotentialshort-termandlong-term
trends. Section seven lists the future challenges with regard to the possible implementation.
Regional globalism | 4
3. Present situation
We live in times of social systems with no clear goal, ailing economies, debt crises, natural disasters, human
tragedies, and helplessness on a global scale.
”Europe currently has three options to react to the quick succession of financial crisis, debt crisis and Euro
crisis: muddling along will only prolong and fuel the crises further; putting an end to the monetary union
would kill the European project and this would lead to such a chaos that no-one and nothing can control
any longer; and the step towards a real economic and political integration is something the current political
leaders dare not make because they think their people will not follow.“1
ThisquotefromJoschkaFischerfromSeptember2011underpinstheassumption2 that there are probably
nomoretruesolutionsinthecurrentsystem.Thebesttheycanachieveispostponingconflictsaboutthe
existing assets, resources, and food in the world.
A decent future for mankind is endangered and mankind is mostly aware of it. Figure 1 illustrates a number
of future risks and their likelihood and importance. Understanding the global connections seems impossible
due to the complexity of the whole. That is why it is still common to overcome a crisis without even touching
the core of the problem. Therefore, risks persist.
1
2
Joschka Fischer, Morsche Fundamente, SZ, 1.9., S. 2
Europe’s view in place of the world’s
Regional globalism | 5
Economic RisksAsset price collapseExtreme commodity price volatilityExtreme consumer price volatilityExtreme energy price volatilityFiscal crisesGlobal imbalances and currency volatilityInfrastructure fragilityLiquidity/credit crunchRegulatory failuresRetrenchment from globalizationSlowing Chinese economy (<6%)
Environmental RisksAir pollutionBiodiversity lossClimate changeEarthquakes and volcanic eruptionsFloodingOcean governanceStorms and cyclones
Societal RisksChronic diseasesDemographic challengesEconomic disparityFood securityInfectious diseasesMigrationWater security
Geopolitical RisksCorruptionFragile statesGeopolitical conflictGlobal governance failuresIllicit tradeOrganized crimeSpace securityTerrorismWeapons of mass destruction
Technological RisksCritical information infrastructure breakdownOnline data and information securityThreats from new technologies
Figure 1: Global Risks
Source: World Economic Forum (2011) Global Risks 2011 – Sixth Edition: An initiative of the Risk Response Network; P. 3
Regional globalism | 6
3.1 Economic crises and the management thereof
Inbanking,financialandcurrencycrisesintherecentpast,billionsofeurosworthofgovernmentaidledto
an alarming public deficit.
The current strategy – lifting the burden of arising problems to a higher tier – is a short-term emergency
solution. In the long run, it might lead to social and political crises. The Hegelian understanding of “lifting”
the problems of the economy to a national level and later to an international level is a cul-de-sac.3
Nationstatesseizetheopportunitytoavoidhavingtomakepoliticallyinconvenientdecisions.Politicians
make up apparent constraints which must not be neglected. This creates a feeling of failure by po-liticians. It reinforces the impression that both economists and politicians are helpless in the face of the
challenges of banking, debt and currency crises.4
3.2 Limits to growth
The capitalist market economy is subject to pressure and drive for growth. Essential in this context is
aconstantincreaseinmoneysupplythroughborrowing.Monetizationofexistinglibertyandopenspaces
takesplace.Stabilityandzerogrowthseemimpossible.5 Thriving prosperity, employment, and lower un-
employmentratesareargumentsforquantitativeeconomicgrowth.
Whether the concept of a green economy is a way to achieve continuous growth and development and
avoid environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and unsustainable exploitation of resources remains
tobeseen.Isagreeneconomyathirdindustrialrevolutionormerelyadesperateattempttosquarethe
circle?
Thereisonethingthatisquestionableinthisconstantstruggleforgrowth:fromacertainlevelofgrowthon,
there is nothing to gain for welfare effects and the individual quality of life. Apart from growth, there are
otherwaystoincreasewelfarewhichdonotrequireadditionalresources.Growthdoesnotseemabsolutely
necessary, and not the silver bullet. It also seems as if growth is not the key problem in our world either.
3 5
4 6
cf.. Leipold; 2011; p.2
cf. Leipold; 2011; p.3f
cf. Binswanger; 2006
OECD core understanding of green economy
Regional globalism | 7
3.3 The concept of sustainability in vogue
Sustainableactionisdefinedasanactionin accordance with economic, ecological, and social as-pectsconservingresourcesandsoilfertility,thequalityofwater,air,andthewholeplanetforfuturegenera-
tions. Everyone calls for sustainability and incorporates it into projects in a highly complicated way.
The problem turns out to be the impression that ideas on sustainable development in the current systems
do not affect the present but only the future – there is a delay in affection. First, sustainability starts if pro-
jectsandtheireffectsinspaceandtimegrowcloser.Second,sustainabilityseemstoplayasignificantrole
only after a certain level of material prosperity and personal well-being has been reached. Thus, a higher
degree of personal concernmentisnecessaryforsustainabilitytogainimportance(cf.figure2).
Image 2: Importance of sustainability in relation to different criteria
Source: own diagram
Regional globalism | 8
Proximity of time and space,personal well-being, personal concernment, prosperity
Importance of sustainability
Sustainability is in vogue. However, it is only lived once there is enough wealth and income. On the way to
prosperity, sustainability plays no major role.7
Inadditiontothisassessment,thereisthequestionoftheweightofthepillarseconomy,ecology,andsocial
aspects in the context of sustainable action. Spatial, temporal, and personal proximity to a project tend to
favor environmental and social aspects. A basic factor for sustainable behavior with emphasis on ecology
and social aspects is the personal concernment of the actors in the effects of their actions.
Life and personal action are divided into professional and personal life. The professional life is mainly about
earning money to safeguard personal livelihood. Ecology and social aspects play a bigger role in the per-
sonal life. It is easy to distinguish between two types of responsibility: people justify their actions in their
professional lives stating that they need to earn money. In their personal lives, however, people renounce
apartoftheiryieldinordertoindulgeinvalueswhichcannotberepresentedfinancially(preservinglands-
capes,sociallifeetc.).
7 This applies to individuals but even more to groups, business, states, economic areas, and continents as actors
Regional globalism | 9
Figure 3: Importance of different aspects of sustainability in professional life and personal life
Source: own diagram
personal life
ecological aspects
economic aspects social aspects
professional life
4. Starting points of a new theory
A world according to Adam Smith does not work in the current system. It would not work even under
perfect conditions.8Neitherareothertheoriesfeasible,eitherbecausethenecessaryprerequisitescannot
becreatedorwouldrequireanexcessiveamountofcontrolafterwards.
4.1 Systems and human behavior
In addition to biophysical constraints as well as fate and nature as external factors,9 main guidelines for
human well-being10 are the existing, man-made systems and the behavior of man himself (internal factors). Figure4depictstowhatextentthequalityofasystemandhumanbehaviorinthissysteminfluencesthewell-
being of the people.
8
9
10
cf. section 3.3
We even knew before the conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 that we influence nature in the long-run (and in the near future). For a short time, we only consider systems created by humans and human behavior as changeable.
Well-being is understood as an integrated indicator for wealth. The concept of well-being in this context expresses a new understanding of wealth and social participation. It factors in prosperity as well as aspects such as living quality and sustainability. It is problematic to measure well-being. Interesting about it is that well-being is multi-dimensional and complex. The authors assume that there is a fundamental and global understanding for better and worse well-being.
Regional globalism | 10
Figure 4: Impact of quality of the system and human behavior on personal well-being
Source: Own diagram
Quality of human behavior
Quality of the system
well-being
Identical levels of well-being can be achieved in different ways (bad systems and good behavior, good
systemsandbadbehavior).11
Figure 5 shows an opportunity to improve the well-being of people (improving the system together with
improvingbehaviororslightlyworseningbehavior,viceversa).
11 For good and bad behavior, too, it is assumed that there is a fundamental and global understanding. Significant differences because of religious, cultural, and regional influences are considered.
Figure 5: Change in the quality of a system and human behavior with a higher level of well-being
Source: Own diagram
Quality of human behavior
Quality of the system
well-being 2
well-being 1
Regional globalism | 11
The worse the system is, the better human behavior has to be to compensate this.
However, as in the current systems, a majority of people is struggling to make ends meet, comprehensive
sustainablebehaviorisdifficulttoachieve.13
4.2 Open wounds of our system
Running a market economy according to market principles cannot lead to the best result for everyone in-
volved if the necessary conditions do not exist: we have no free trade and no perfect competition. The
competitionintheexistingpolypoliesdoesnotimprovequalitybutprimarilyreducescostsandincreases
quantities.
The search of anonymous money for the highest yield is common to all economic activity. Transnational groups and enterprises are structured very smartly to avoid taxes.
There is a problem in using the outcome of economic activity. Our constant pursuit of prosperity, living
standards, money, and power leads to an accumulation of money, investments, and insurances. The goal
is to make even more money – unpegged from the real economy. Money is not just a means of exchange
anymore: it is being accumulated, multiplied, and then feared for. Money has lost touch: it is limitless and
dimensionless. It is being invested somewhere. Real value added and yield are spatially separated. The
farther away the money is earned, the more indifferent people are to the way it is earned.
In this context, different currencies encourage speculation – even with the most fundamental items such
asfoodandenergy.Inthelightofthedwellingfinancialanddebtcrises,thenumberofcurrenciesraisesthe
questionoftheidealmonetarysystem.
As mobile money is, as immobile is man. The personal freedom to act and move does not exist for everyone
right now – due to a lack of money but also in part because of a lack of legal possibilities.
Maximizing profits, speculation, materialism, and selfishness appear as leitmotifs – for short-term
trends as well as long-term trends and with respect to individuals, to groups and nations, economic areas
and continents. There is an international and intercontinental competition for investment, growth, and pro-
sperityonthebasisofinadequateassumptionsandattheexpenseofecology.
13 cf. section 3.3
Regional globalism | 12
5. Theory of regional globalism
”We need a framework in which all people - as if led by an invisible hand – serve for the good of mankind, or
at least do no harm. In view of the threat of global warming, this can only mean living and acting regionally
and energy efficiently – all over the world.“14
The followingchapterdiscusses thekeyapproachesof theconceptof regionalglobalismand isafirst
attempttoroughlyconfigurethesystem.Theresultisamixtureofexpandingandrestrictingliberties,i.e.a
system,aspecificfunctionality.
5.1 Cosmopolitanism and the single currency
The only true legitimate power to act and determine on earth seems is the world community. The preserva-
tion of the world and our livelihood should matter to the every single one on this planet.
The continents, countries, and nations of today are the regions of tomorrow. To address the problems de-
scribed in sections 3 and 4.2, it makes sense to abolish national borders.
Abolishing national borders would promote freedom of movement. This, in turn, would promote the
transfer of knowledge and culture from one region to another. Moreover, the exchange and transfer bet-
ween people is practiced and a feeling of solidarity and togetherness in society could grow. Enlightened
knowledge and education – both easily and globally accessible – in all areas of life are necessary to raise
cosmopolitancitizenswhounderstand,encourage,andsupportpeaceandresponsibilityintheworld.Na-
tionalbordershavealreadyledtoenoughharmintheworld.Agreatersenseofequalityandgoingwithout
nationalbordersandnationalitiescanpromotepeace.Weareallcitizensof theworld,andnopeoples
havingtolivebehindartificialboundaries.
Introducing a single world currency boosts world trade and eliminates currency speculation. Goods
would still have different prices, depending on where in the world, in what season, and with which trans-
portation services they are offered.
A useful and well-established world government with regional deputies would prevent confusion about
legitimacyandcompetences.Asimplystructuredandclearlylegitimizedworldgovernmentcouldbethe
central organ to reach and implement decisions. Managing and monitoring safety, care, human rights, spa-
tiallimitstofortune,taxesetc.canberealizedbyregional/continentalexecutives.
14 Quote from the discussion at Kirchdorfer Zirkel
Regional globalism | 13
5.2 Regional limits to economic action
With regional property comes responsibility. This is a key principle of regional globalism. In the professional
and personal life, there should be limits to the basic concept of freedom of movement and action.
Tocounteracttheknownpossibilitiesofmaximizingprofitsandminimizingcontrolof large,transnational
groups at the same time, it should be possible for them to act globally but at the same time there should
onlybepartnershipswhoseheadmustresidewithinacertainradiusfromtheheadquarters.Largegroups
areorganizedinawaythatistooobscureandcomplextobehelpfulinthecurrentsystem.Thelegalen-
tity“company”shouldnotexceedacertaingeographicalspread.Inadditiontotheheadoffice,itshould
beallowedforcompaniestohavebrancheswithinacertainradiusfromtheheadquartersonly.However,
entrepreneurial participation in other companies – regardless of the radius – as well as capital investment
and capital formation – outside a certain radius – should not be allowed. International business can be
implemented by means of co-operation with local companies. This would also simplify and enable local taxation of the value added.
Stipulating that capital investment and capital formation has to take place within a certain radius from
the place of residence would result in a closeness of value added and yield and a trend to carry out more
sustainable and more responsible projects.
5.3Taxation,basicincomeandfinancialequalizationofregions
Limiting and expanding the freedom of action as described in 5.1 and 5.2, needs a valve to balance out
developmentswhichcouldjeopardizethestabilityofthesysteminthelongrun.
Introducing the same tax system, which is easy to be understood, on a global level would lead to
more just taxation of economic activity and success. The income of this tax system could help funding the
involved governments, administration, and different public goods and services.
It must be the common goal of the world’s population to eliminate hunger and poverty.15 One possible so-
lution,whichhasbeendiscussedfiercely,isabasic income for all people. This would give the poorest of
the poor the chance to pay for their cost of living.
Structural differences between different geographical locations are innate. This system does not aim at re-
movingthem.However,theconceptofregionalglobalismsuggestsamechanismofequalizationsimilarto
theequalizationsystembetweenthefederalstatesinGermany:global equalization between regions. Thisequalizationmustnotonlyfactorineconomicaspectsbutalsoecologicalandsocialaspects.
15 It is assumed that all human beings as a community have an interest in maintaining a decent personal environment. If it were different-ly, there would not be a point in keeping on discussing and hoping for a future for our grandchildren.
Regional globalism | 14
6.Consequencesofimplementingregionalglobalism
Eliminating national borders, in tandem with limiting the area that money can be used in, causes dynamics
and developments to spread around the globe. The high number of registered companies and inhabitants
within certain overlapping action radii leads to waves of developments which are strengthened or weake-
nedlocally.Thesewavesconveydevelopments–boostedorattenuated–tootherregions(c.f.figure6).
Regional globalism | 15
Figure 6: Interaction between regions in a regional globalism
Source: Own diagram based on a Gall–Peters projection of a world map
The concrete effects of implementing regional globalism cannot be forecast in detail. It is still possible
though to describe general short-term and long-term trends. The mixture of limiting and expanding free-
doms leads to a changing system. This will, in turn, lead to a changing way of thinking and acting.
6.1 Short-term trends caused by the system
A simpler and globally accepted framework together with a clear distribution of responsibilities from the
highest to the lowest level of administration reduces the need for administrative work and bureaucra-cy, i.e. more freedom for real action and economic activity. The number of jobs needed in the public sector
shouldgodownsignificantly.
Initially,therewillberegionswithentirelydifferentliquidityasaresultofthelimitationsontheglobalmoney
flowthatcomewiththenewsystem.Thiswillleadtoconsiderablydifferentprice levels between the regions.
Hence, there will be heavy migration. People will be moving from the more expensive regions into the less
expensive ones and vice versa. The majority of the migrators will be workers and small companies as it is
comparably easy for them to do so. The main reasons for these initial movements will be possible jobs, the
potential income, and the cost of living.
A global basic income can guarantee social security because it provides the bases for living socially and
in peace. The economic possibilities are boosted by absolute mobility and the right to work everywhere.
This will boost the global real value added within a short period of time.
Single currency, no trade barriers, and free economic action will rightly turn some products into items of the
daily life and other into luxury goods. Regional products become more important. Different prices reflect real value added and scarcity and are the key factor in the decision-making process. Money will no lon-
ger be a “synthetic drug” but a means of exchange again.
Regional globalism | 16
6.2 Long-term trends caused by the system
People will form groups – without any form of social exclusion – and will decide where they want to live
basedonmorefactorsthancostoflivingandpotentialemployment.Theywillalsoconsiderqualityofliving.
Across all regions, there will be a global understanding for a healthy and natural living environment and ways of living of individuals and communities.
Communication will break the last barriers and clarify all misunderstandings. The goal of a peaceful co-
existence will lead to a uniform understanding. A common lingua franca will evolve without suppressing the
local languages. Communication will cross borders and lead to happiness, pride, and satisfaction.
Money will accumulate in the metropolitan areas.Themostprofitableandmostprestigiouswaystoinvest will be scarce. Non-monetary values gain importance, partly because of a lack of alternative. Living
and producing consciously will be the aim of the majority of the people and businesses. The constant fear
ofinflationwillmixwiththerecognitionthatlifedoesnotendwhenyourmoneyisgone.
Those regionswhose inhabitants leftduring thefirstmigrationwaveseean influxofpeople looking for
peace,space,andwell-pricedlivingquality.Thefinancialequalizationleadstoabetter supply with basic necessities in the more remote areas. Responsible ventures are to be found in what used to be peripheral
areas. Local taxation of value added brings additional money to these regions. Tourism, too, will contribute
to the upswing. Higher cost of transportation and traveling causes people to appreciate a journey more and
makes them look at it differently.
Preventing non-regional investment and yields by anonymous money which are not pegged to the real
economy encourage sustainable actions even in the peripheral areas. Companies in the metropolitan
areas and those in the peripheral areas compete at eye level as there are no existential risks because
of basic income, low cost of living, and the existing social network. There is no necessity to sell products,
resources of production, or labor. Co-operation becomes the leitmotif.
Large enterprises start to move to the peripheral areas as the life in the metropolitan areas turns out to be
tooexpensiveoreventooboringforthem.Theyseetheopportunitytofindappreciation,personalcontent,
and contact to the people in the more rural areas. The system makes them invest in the area on a long-term
basisandeffectively.Theseinvestmentsvitalizetheentireregionandtriggerfurtherwavemovements.The
regions start to change without being able to or having to compete.
Regional globalism | 17
Thepeoplecometorealizethatgrowthisneithertrulyimportantnorthecoreproblem.Growthisstillpos-
sible but a paradigm change from – quantitative growth to qualitative growth – is on the verge. This
seemstocreatealmostinfinitegrowthpossibilitieswhichdonotrequireresourcesoratleastareduced
amount.
Thestatusquooftheindividualremainsabasicfactorbutitcanbealteredsignificantlybypersonalcom-
mitment. The people understand that they can contribute to the world and to their own happiness in a way
which pays off effectively. This creates positive competition and co-operation worldwide. Divisions grow
and shrink; coming and going is a matter of course. The people behave respectfully and responsibly within
theglobalnetwork(cf.figure7).A culture of changearisesandsodoesaharmonizedindividualism.
Regional globalism | 18
Figure 7: Individualism in a global network
Source: Wellman, Barry (2002): Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism: P.12, Fig. 1 (Three Models of Community and Work Social Networks)
Little Boxes Glocalization
Networked Individualism
Free action based on convictions, values, and visions arises. Real passion and enthusiasm for the
own action and the own, real value added become the core motivation for economic action. Investors
wanttofeelthebenefitlocally.Thisencouragesnewethicsofaction,whichareunderstoodglobally,based
onmutualrespect,equality,andequalopportunitiesaswellassimplicityandpragmatism.Personification,
empathy,andidentificationplayacrucialroleinprojectsasaconsequenceofthecloseness between those who act and those who are acted upon. Coherent projectsvitalizetheentireareainapprop-
riate amount. This holds true for local, regional, continental, and global level. People take responsibility for local action.
Lifeandeconomicactivity–aswellastheutilizationofenvironmentandresourcesthatcomeswiththem
– can be adapted to a level which is locally, and thus, globally acceptable in accordance with the regions’
local conditions.
7. Further challenges and outlook
Asmentionedabove,thesearefirstbasicthoughtsandapproachestotheconceptofregionalglobalism.
This paper is predominantly about direction and orientation.
Individualtermsweredefinedlooselyinthefootnotestosupportreadability.Whendealingmoreintensively
withthefootnotes,amoreprecisedefinitionisnecessary.16 A number of theoretical details has to be clari-
fied.Questionsregardingtheactualfeasibilityoftheconceptarose.17
Atfirstsight,itseemsdifficulttofindasympatheticearinsociety,politics,andtheeconomy.Consequently,
itisalsodifficulttofindacceptanceandapprovalforamoreelaboratedraftandimplementation.However,
a more elaborate draft should be possible based on the principles of the simplicity, comprehensibility, and
clearness.
Many things will change on this planet – with or without human action. As destroying our sources of life to
gain material wealth is not an alternative, we urgently have to act pragmatically. Preserving our sources of
life for future generations will be the reward for a common endeavor to act more responsibly.
16
17
E.g. dealing with existing indebtedness (private, corporate, public), tax system, migration, form of business organization, private pro-perty – public property, public goods and services, public safety
E.g. point of time of implementation, developments until a possible implementation, problems following an implementation, reaction of interest groups to these ideas (financial losses of bureaucrats, politicians, non-sustainable industries)
Regional globalism | 19
Acknowledgments
Everythingweperceiveisbasedonanidea,athought,aconviction.Iamconvincedthatweinfluencethe
world around us with our daily thinking. As a father, as an entrepreneur, and as forward-thinking person, I
amfullofhopeforabetterworldforeverysingleoneofus.IamconvincedthatIcaninfluencethefuture
with this paper.
I want to thank numerous people without whom this paper would not exist. I want to thank Mareike and
VinzentDreerfortheirlove,leniency,andthoughtfulnessaswellastheirconstantsupportofmywork.The
familiesDreerandBeschnidtgivemeanamazingfeelingofresponsibilityandforward-thinking.Iwantto
thank Rebecca Gebler, Johannes Schindler, and Wolfgang Kobold for their constructive criticism in the
discussion at Kirchdorfer Zirkel. As usual, I want to thank Robert Wurm for the layout.
These acknowledgments represent my appreciation for everyone’s support and encouragement throug-
hout this project.
Thank you all!
Copyright
Iampleasedifthispaperorpartsofitareusedand/orcopied.Ifyouquotethisarticle,directlyorindirectly,
be sure to indicate your source correctly.
Regional globalism | 20
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Kirchdorf, June 2012