REFORMATION & CIVIL WARS OF RELIGION IN 16THC FRANCE · REFORMATION & CIVIL WARS OF RELIGION IN...
Transcript of REFORMATION & CIVIL WARS OF RELIGION IN 16THC FRANCE · REFORMATION & CIVIL WARS OF RELIGION IN...
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REFORMATION & CIVIL WARS OF RELIGION IN
16THC FRANCE
Essential Questions:
What is the proper
relationship between
politics & religion?
How did they interact in
16thc France?
Where did the people of
France look for meaning
/belief?
Are people willing to give
up freedom of belief
(thought) for civil order?
What impact might 30+
years of religious civil
war have on the above
question?
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16THC
16thc France-population 16 million (2x Spain, 4x England)
Legally & culturally distinct provinces, but that is changing-1539 Ordinance requires all gov’t docs in French
Printing press expands literacy, decreases local dialects
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POWERFUL FRENCH MONARCHY
French kings have power to tax their citizens (vs England)
French kings can tax ecclesiastical benefices, & a say in church official appointments
French Kings have history of power struggles w/ Popes
Fontainebleau palace for Francis I
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RELIGION 16THC FRANCER
16thc expansion of priest &
Catholic Church construction
Most excommunications due
to debt, no hurry to resolve
unless person gravely ill
People buy indulgences,
worship @ shrines
Cult of Virgin is popular
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REFORMATION
1519 Luther’s books arrive from Wittenberg
Many German students & profs @ French Universities
1521 Parlement bans sale & possession of Luther’s books
1520- Lefevre D’Etapestranslates bible into French, by 1526 Parlement issues decree against reading scripture in French or questioning Catholic Faith
Martin Luther
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ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
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REFORMATION
Protestant movements active in 1520’s
1528 Radical Reformation in France, iconoclastic, deny cult status of Virgin & holy water etc
Neuchatel Protestant & attacks on mass anger Francis I
Calvin flees France
1545 French Army destroys 25 suspected villages
Executions for heresy not uncommon
John Calvin
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ProtestantChurchesinFrance(Late 16c)
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1540’s-1550’s Despite Gov’t prohibitions ideas grow
1559 French Reformation is Calvinist, city centered, literate, highly skilled people in large numbers-educated university community members & nobility will join
Huguenots (French Protestants)
Social & political Consensus dissolve
Tensions increase
1572 Wedding between royal Princess Margot (Catholic) & Henry of Navarre (Huguenot)
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ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S DAY MASSACRE
Huguenot leaders
assembled in Paris for
wedding
Assassination attempt
on Coligny (Huguenot)
Tensions increase
King orders his
execution ---mob
violence breaks out
Murder of Coligny
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ST BARTHOLOMEW’S DAY MASSACRE BY
DUBOIS 16THC
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19THC ‘MORNING OUTSIDE THE GATES’
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OUTCOMES
Henry of Navarre converts to Catholicism-
‘Paris is worth a Mass’
‘War of 3 Henrys’
90% of France Catholic
1598 Edict of Nantes allows degree of religious toleration for France
17thc portrait of Henry IV & family
17thc evolution of divine right & absolute monarchy